• Title/Summary/Keyword: $CO_2$ reforming

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A Stability Study of Rider Arch under the Increased Load of Checker Brick in Regernerator of the Reformed Glass Melting Furnace (유리 용해로 축열실 상재 하중 증가에 따른 Rider Arch의 안전성 검토)

  • Lee, Sun-Yung;Kim, Jong-Ock;Lim, Dae-Young;Kim, Taik-Nam;Park, Won-Kya
    • The Journal of Engineering Research
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.125-131
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    • 1997
  • The regenerator is important part of the glass melting furnace to increase the temperature of the intake air through the combustion flame. The insulation, checker brick, prevention of the air leak has been studied to decrease the fuel consumption in glass melting industries. Thus the new types of checker brick and the design of the rider arch has been studied to prolong the life of the glass melting furnace. The height of the regenerator increased from 5.64 m to 7.89 m in the reforming of the glass melting furnace. Thus the stability of the rider arch is studied under the condition of increased load of checker brick in this research. The rider arch was estimated to be stable inspite of the increase of load according to the calculation. The max. sustained compressive stress of the rider arch is 163 kg/$cm^2$ and the max. sustained shear stress is 6.37 kg/$cm^2$.

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Steam gasification characteristics of oregon pine wood pellet (우드 펠릿의 스팀가스화 특성)

  • Hwang, Hoon;Choi, Sun-Yong;Lee, Moon-won;Kim, Lae-Hyun
    • Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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    • 2010.04a
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    • pp.192-192
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    • 2010
  • 현재 산업과 과학의 발달로 인한 무분별한 화석연료의 사용은 에너지자원의 고갈과 환경오염의 문제를 야기시켜, 이의 해결을 위한 청정 신에너지에 대한 연구가 전 세계적으로 집중되고 있다. 이 중 바이오매스는 화석연료보다 비교적 높은 H/C 비를 갖기 때문에 신에너지인 수소 또는 Syngas를 생산하기 위한 가스화 특성이 우수한 특징을 가지고 있으며, 구성성분 내 중금속, 황, 질소를 거의 함유하지 않는 점에서 환경오염 저감과 동시에 대체 신에너지로써 각광을 받고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 목질계 바이오매스인 Wood pellet (미송)에 대하여 고정층 반응기를 이용하여 질소분위기하에서 온도 및 Steam/Biomass Ratio(이하 SBR) 조건에 따른 가스화 특성으로 고찰하는데 그 목적을 둔다. 온도의 영향에 대하여, 높은 온도 범위에서 수소 수율이 증가함을 알 수 있었다. SBR에 대한 영향으로서, 저온 (700, $800^{\circ}C$)에서는 SBR=1에서는 수소의 수율이 증가하였으나 SBR=2, 3에서 감소하는 것을 보였다. 하지만 $900^{\circ}C$에서는 SBR이 증가 할수록 수소의 수율이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 볼륨비로 나타내었을 경우 $H_2/CO(vol/vol)$의 경우 $900^{\circ}C$, SBR=3에서 0.73%로 water gas shift reaction이 가장 잘 일어난 것을 확인했고, $H_2/CH_4(vol/vol)$의 경우 마찬가지로 위의 조건과 동일조건에서 2.59%로 steam reforming이 가장 잘 일어난 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 최종적으로 본 실험에서는 $900^{\circ}C$, SBR=3인 경우에 가장 높은 수소수율을 얻을 수 있으며, 이때 수소의 수율은 32.7 Vol%였다.

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Syngas Production by Partial Oxidation Reaction over Ni-Pd/CeO2-ZrO2 Metallic Monolith Catalysts (Ni-Pd/CeO2-ZrO2 금속모노리스 촉매체를 사용한 부분산화반응에 의한 합성가스 제조)

  • Yang, Jeong Min;Choe, Jeong-Eun;Kim, Yong Jin;Lee, Jong Dae
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.51 no.3
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    • pp.319-324
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    • 2013
  • The partial oxidation reaction of methane was investigated to produce syngas with $Ni/CeO_2-ZrO_2$, $Ni-Ru/CeO_2-ZrO_2$ and $Ni-Pd/CeO_2-ZrO_2$ catalysts. Honeycomb metallic monolith was applied in order to obtain high catalytic activity and stability in partial oxidation reforming. The catalysts were characterized by XRD and FE-SEM. The influence of various catalysts on syngas production was studied for the feed ratio (O/C), GHSV and temperature. Among the catalysts used in the experiment, the $Ni-Pd/CeO_2-ZrO_2$ catalyst showed the highest activity. The 99% of $CH_4$ conversion was obtained at the condition of T=$900^{\circ}C$, GHSV=10,000 $h^{-1}$ and feed ratio O/C=0.55. It was confirmed that $H_2$ yield increased slightly as O/C ratio increased, while CO yield remained almost constant. Also, $CH_4$ conversion decreased as GHSV increased. It was found that the safe range of GHSV for high $CH_4$ conversion was estimated to be less than 10,000 $h^{-1}$.

Planar fuel cell design integrated with methanol reformer by using a high temperature membrane (고온형 멤브레인을 사용한 메탄올 개질 연료전지의 개질기 일체형 평판 설계)

  • Kim, Sung-Han;Jang, Jae-Hyuk;Gil, Jae-Hyoung;Lee, Hong-Ryul;Cha, Hye-Yeon;Ku, Bo-Sung;Jung, Chang-Ryul;Kundu, Arunaha;Miesse, Craig;Oh, Yong-Soo
    • 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2006.11a
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    • pp.467-470
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    • 2006
  • For a mobile application such as cellular phone, micro fuel cells should be extremely compact and thin. RHFC can be an alternative solution because RHFC gives higher power density than DMFC and does not need ahydrogen storage vessel In this paper, RHFC using methanol fuel is made as a novel planar design without a PROX. Both reformer and cell are made closely in a same plate to share the heater of reformer with the cell. The PBI membrane is used in the cell. The reason is that high temperature of reformer can cause a performance drop when perfluorosulfonic acid membrane such as Nafion is used such a high temperature operation also guarantees the higher CO tolerance to MEA catalyst. The cell is designed as an air-breathing type which the cathode of the cell is opened to the air. The commercial Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 steam reformer catalyst is packed in reformer channel. The active area of MEA is $11.9cm^2$ and the peak power density was $27.5mW/cm^2$.

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Characteristics of carbon dioxide separation using amine functionalized carbon (아민기 개질 탄소를 이용한 이산화탄소 분리 특성)

  • Cha, Wang Seog;Lim, Byeong Jun;Kim, Jun Su;Lee, Sung Youn;Park, Tae Jun;Jang, Hyun Tae
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.17-24
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    • 2021
  • The development of a new sorbent for carbon dioxide depends on several factors, such as fast adsorption/absorption velocity, hydrophobicity, and lower regeneration temperature than commercial sorbent. In this study, aminosilane grafted activated carbon was synthesized to capture CO2. Methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) and 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (APTES) were used as the grafting precursor of the amine functional group. The APTES grafting activated carbon showed higher sorption property than MTMS used one. The characteristics of the separation mechanism of carbon dioxide were examined by measuring the adsorption capacity according to temperature and carbon dioxide partial pressure. The absorption capacity of carbon dioxide was similar to amine grafting activated carbon and activated carbon at 25℃, but amine-grafted activated carbon was higher at 75℃. The amine functional group-grafted activated carbon showed higher absorption capacity than activated carbon with a 1% carbon dioxide partial pressure. Aminosilane grafting of activated carbon was chemically absorbed but also showed the characteristics of physical adsorption. The reforming activated carbon with an amine functional group grafted solid absorption/adsorption sorbent would significantly impact the material engineering industry and carbon dioxide adsorption process. The functionalized sorbent is a high-performance composite material. The developed sorbent may have applications in other industrial processes of absorption/adsorption and separation.

H2S Poisoning Effect and Recovery Methods of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (황화수소 피독이 고분자전해질 연료전지에 미치는 영향과 회복기법)

  • Chun, Byungdo;Kim, Junbom
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.55 no.1
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    • pp.107-114
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    • 2017
  • The performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) could be deteriorated when fuel contains contaminants such as carbon monoxide (CO) or hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$). Generally, $H_2S$ is introduced in hydrogen by steam reforming of hydrocarbon which has mercaptan as odorant. $H_2S$ poisoning effect on PEMFC performance was examined on this study. Pure hydrogen injection, voltage cycling and water circulation methods were compared as performance recovery methods. The PEMFC performance was analyzed using electrochemical methods such as polarization curve, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Pure hydrogen injection and voltage cycling methods showed low recovery ratio, however, water circulation method showed high recovery ratio over 95%. Because anode was directly poisoned by $H_2S$, anode water circulation showed higher recovery ratio compared to the other methods. Water circulation method was developed to recover PEMFC performance from $H_2S$ poisoning. This method could contribute to PEMFC durability and commercialization.

An Experimental Study on Flammability Limits and Combustion Characteristics of Synthetic Gas in a Constant Combustion Chamber (정적연소기를 이용한 합성가스의 가연한계 및 연소특성에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Cho, Yong-Seok;Lee, Seang-Wock;Won, Sang-Yeon;Park, Young-Joon;Kim, Duk-Sang
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.14-21
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    • 2008
  • Synthetic gas is defined as reformed gas from hydrocarbon-based fuel and the major chemical species of the synthetic gas are $H_2$, CO and $N_2$. Among them, hydrogen from synthetic gas is very useful species in chemical process such as combustion. It is a main reason that many studies have been performed to develop an effective reforming device. Furthermore, other technologies have been studied for synthetic gas application, such as the ESGI(Exhaust Synthetic Gas Injection) technology. ESGI injects and burns synthetic gas in the exhaust pipe so that heat from hydrogen combustion helps fast warmup of the close-coupled catalyst and reduction of harmful emissions. However, it is very hard to understand combustion characteristic of hydrogen under low oxygen environment and complicated variation in chemical species in exhaust gas. This study focuses on the characteristics of hydrogen combustion under ESGI operating conditions using a CVC(Constant Volume Chamber). Measurements of pressure variation and flame speed have been performed for various oxygen and hydrogen concentrations. Results have been analyzed to understand ignition and combustion characteristics of hydrogen under lower oxygen conditions. The CVC experiments showed that under lower oxygen concentration, amount of active chemicals in the combustion chamber was a crucial factor to influence hydrogen combustion as well as hydrogen/oxygen ratio. It is also found that increase in volume fraction of oxygen is effective for the fast and stable burning of hydrogen by virtue of increase in flame speed.

Activity Changes of Supported Nickel Catalysts with Respect to Ni Loading (니켈 담지촉매의 니켈 담지량에 따른 활성 변화)

  • Kim, Sang-Bum;Park, Eun-Seok;Cheon, Han-Jin;Kim, Young-Kook;Kim, Myung-Soo;Park, Hong-Soo;Hahm, Hyun-Sik
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.230-236
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    • 2003
  • Synthesis gas is commercially produced by a steam reforming process. However, the process is highly endothermic and energy-consuming. Thus, this study was conducted to produce synthesis gas by the partial oxidation of methane to decrease the energy cost. Supported Ni catalysts were prepared by the impregnation method. To examine the activity of the catalysts, a differential fixed bed reactor was used, and the reaction was carried out at $750{\sim}850^{\circ}C$ and 1 atm. The fresh and used catalysts were characterized by XRD, XPS, TGA and AAS. The highest catalytic activity was obtained with the 13wt% Ni/MgO catalyst, with which methane conversion was 81%, and $H_2$ and CO selectivities were 94% and 93%, respectively. 13wt% Ni/MgO catalyst showed the best $MgNiO_2$ solid solution state, which can explain the highest catalytic activity of the 13wt% Ni/MgO catalyst.

Effect of Support on Synthesis Gas Production of Supported Ni Catalysts (니켈 담지촉매를 이용한 합성가스 제조 시 담체의 영향)

  • Kim, Sang-Bum;Park, Eun-Seok;Cheon, Han-Jin;Kim, Young-Kook;Lim, Yun-Soo;Park, Hong-Soo;Hahm, Hyun-Sik
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.289-295
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    • 2003
  • Synthesis gas is produced commercially by a steam reforming process. However, the process is highly endothermic and energy intensive. Thus, this study was conducted to produce synthesis gas by the partial oxidation of methane to cut down the energy cost. Supported Ni catalysts were prepared by the impregnation method. To examine the activity of the catalysts, a differential fixed bed reactor was used, and the reaction was carried out at $750{\sim}850^{\circ}C$ and 1 atm. The fresh and used catalysts were characterized by XRD, XPS, TGA and AAS. The highest catalytic activity was obtained with the 13wt% Ni/MgO catalyst, with which methane conversion was 81%, and $H_2$ and CO selectivities were 94% and 93%, respectively. 13wt% Ni/MgO catalyst showed the best $MgNiO_2$ solid solution state, which can explain the highest catalytic activity of the 13wt% Ni/MgO catalyst.

Start-up and operation of Gasoline Fuel Processor for Isolated Fuel Cell System (독립형 연료전지 시스템을 위한 가솔린 연료프로세스의 시동 및 운전)

  • Ji, Hyunjin;Bae, Joongmyeon
    • Journal of Energy Engineering
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.76-85
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    • 2016
  • This study introduces the system layout and control strategy necessary to start and operate a fuel processor in a wide range of temperatures where a gasoline was selected as the fuel of fuel processor considering logistic support of Korea Army. The autothermal reformig(ATR) catalyst is heated to light-off temperature by combustion method in the initial stage. In order to ignite the gasoline and air mixture stably, the glow plug is installed after ATR catalyst. When the catalyst is increased to light-off temperature, the reformer is operated from initiation to steady state conditions as follows: Partial oxidation(POX) mode, partial ATR mode, full ATR mode. Finally the start-up and control strategy is validated by the operational test of gasoline fuel processor at low and room temperature. As a result the gasoline fuel processor is able to start-up within 40 min and to produce the reformate gas which has 37 ~ 42 vol.%(dry basis) of $H_2$ and 0.3 vol.% of CO.