• Clean Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.42-53
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• 2017

Numerical analysis was done to evaluate the fluid distribution inside of the mixing quencher to increase the reaction efficiency of the aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution in the scrubbing column which is used for simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification. Effective injection of the aqueous hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) solution in the mixing quencher has major effects for improving the reaction efficiency in the scrubbing column by enhancing the mixing of the aqueous $H_2O_2$ solution with the exhaust gas. The current study is to optimize the array of nozzles and the spray angles of the aqueous $H_2O_2$ solution in the mixing quencher by using the computational method. Main concerns of the analysis are how to enhance the uniformity of the $H_2O_2$ concentration distribution in the internal flow. Numerical analysis was done to check the distribution of the internal flow in the mixing quencher in terms of RMS values of the $H_2O_2$ concentration at the end of quencher. The concentration distribution of $H_2O_2$ at the end of is evaluated with respect to the different array of the nozzle pipes and the nozzle tip angles, and we also analyzed the turbulence formation and fluid mixing in the zone. The effect of the spray angle was evaluated with respect to the mixing efficiency in different flow directions. The optimized mixing quencher had the nozzle array at location of 0.3 m from the inlet duct surface and the spray angle is $15^{\circ}$ with the co-current flow. The RMS value of the $H_2O_2$ concentration at the end of the mixing quencher was 12.4%.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1028-1036
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• 2021

Firefly luciferase (FLuc) can function as an efficient marker in the gene and viral therapies. Nonetheless, its clinical translation has been unaccomplished with the concerns on its exogenous nature and the similarity with human fatty acyl-CoA synthetase. In this study, we aimed to show safety of FLuc by conducting a set of preclinical experiments and a human use. Initially, FLuc permeability across the plasma membrane was investigated by delivering the FLuc-carrying viral vector, OTS-412, or the FLuc recombinant protein. After in vitro infection of OTS-412 into different cancer cell lines, FLuc activity was detected only in the cell lysates, but not in culture media. In addition, recombinant FLuc protein further showed the impermeability against the plasma membrane. Similar result was also observed in the in vivo experiment. After being injected into the VX2 tumor-bearing rabbit, the FLuc exclusively resided within the tumor tissue without being detected in the blood plasma or other organs. Human cancer cell lines originated from various organs were lysed and treated to the FLuc, and none of the human substrates was reactive against the FLuc. As a final step, FLuc recombinant protein was intravenously injected into a human. The luciferase was degraded with the half-life of 20 to 30 minutes in blood, and was untraceable from 1.5 hr after the injection. In addition, the blood plasma was nonresponsive against the fatty acids. Hematological analysis was also comparable between the pre- and post-injection. Altogether, our study collectively demonstrates the safety of the firefly luciferase.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.173-182
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• 2006

Recently, the pomegranate seed oil (PSO) has been reported to have various efforts including anti-cancer effect. In this study, we examined the liver-protecting effect of the PSO on the hepatotoxicity induced by $CCl_4$ using the BALB/c mice. The PSO was made from dried seeds of black pomegranate (Punica grantum) by heating and squeezing. The expreimental animals were divided into 3 groups; control group treated with olive oil only, experimental group 1 treated with $CCl_4$ only, and experimental group 2 treated with PSO and $CCl_4$. 24 hours after injection of $CCl_4$ into the peritoneal cavity, we collected the blood samples to measure the level of serological factors; aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase. Simultaneously we observed the histological change of liver under the light and electron microscope. As the result, AST and ALT showed $88.7{\pm}14.9IU/L\;and\;22.0{\pm}3.12IU/L$ in the control group, $1963.7{\pm}1212.9IU/L\;and\;4495.4{\pm}2803.6IU/L$ in the experimental group 1, and $432.2{\pm}260.1IU/L\;and\;692.3{\pm}433.1IU/L$ in the experimental group 2. The experimental group 2 showed significant difference as compared with experimental group 1 (P<0.005). In histological study, the experimental group 2 was recovered than experimental group 1 which had abnormal mitochondria, increase of lysosomes, and severe necrosis at the central vein zones. These results indicated that the PSO had the liver protecting effect. However, The further study on the relationship between ingredients of pomegranate seed and liver protecting effect is in need.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.631-640
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• 2014

The inhibitory effects of Boswellia serrata (BW) extracts on degenerative osteoarthritis were investigated in primary-cultured rat cartilage cells and a monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis rat model. To identify the protective effects of BW extract against $H_2O_2$ ($800{\mu}M$, 2 hr) in vitro, cell survival was measured by MTT assay. Cell survival after $H_2O_2$ treatment was elevated by BW extract at a concentration of $20{\mu}g/mL$. In addition, BW extract treatment significantly reduced and normalized the productions of pro-inflammatory factors, nuclear transcription factor ${\kappa}B$, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, and interleukin-6 at a concentration of $20{\mu}g/mL$. Treatment of chondrocytes with BW extract significantly reduced 5-lipoxygenase activity and production of prostaglandin E2, especially at a concentration of $10{\sim}20{\mu}g/mL$. For the in vivo animal study, osteoarthritis was induced by intra-articular injection of MIA into knee joints of rats. Consumption of a diet containing BW extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) for 35 days significantly inhibited the development and severity of osteoarthritis in rats. To determine the genetic expression of arthritic factors in articular cartilage, real-time PCR was applied to measure matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-13), collagen type I, collagen type II, and aggrecan, and BW extract had protective effects at a concentration of 200 mg/kg. In conclusion, BW extract was able to inhibit articular cartilage degeneration by preventing extracellular matrix degradation and chondrocyte injury. One can consider that BW extract may be a potential therapeutic treatment for degenerative osteoarthritis.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.25-33
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• 2017

This paper reports the optical design of the MR-16 lamp series with a LED second lens and an aspherical plano-convex lens suitable for a simple and rapid injection molding fabrication method. The fabrication and performance evaluation of the MR-16 lamp series, which was designed with a narrow angular distribution of luminous intensity, were conducted to replace halogen lamps with LED lamps. Four types of LED lamps were fabricated, which have angular distributions of luminous intensity of $22.4^{\circ}$, $31.1^{\circ}$, $37.3^{\circ}$, and $59.9^{\circ}$ and luminous efficiencies of 76.5 lm/W, 75.2 lm/W, 72.0 lm/W, and 77.8 lm/W, respectively, while their spreading angles with an illuminance uniformity of 81% were $3^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$, $22^{\circ}$, and $49^{\circ}$, respectively. After eliminating a yellow tail of the LED lamps using a diffusion sheet, the angular distributions of the luminous intensity were measured to be $20.8^{\circ}$, $31.5^{\circ}$, $37.8^{\circ}$, and $68.7^{\circ}$.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.368-377
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• 2021

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of radiation mutant Perilla frutescens var. crispa and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi complex extract(Perilla frutescens var. crispa complex extract) on the mediators related to degenerative arthritis in a monosodium iodoacetate-induced rat model of degenerative arthritis. Perilla frutescens var. crispa complex extract was administered orally at doses of 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks before direct injection of monosodium iodoacetate (3 mg/50 µl of 0.9% saline) into the intra-articular space of the rats' right knees. The rats subsequently received the same doses of oral Perilla frutescens var. crispa complex extract for another 4 weeks. It was evaluated that the treatment effects based on serum bio-markers, and morphological and histopathological analysis of the knee joints. Compared with those in negative control rats, the Perilla frutescens var. crispa complex extract treatments significantly reduced the serum levels of inflammation, bone metabolism markers (i.e., TNF-α, MMP-3, COX-2, PGE₂, COMP, and Aggrecan). Otherwise, it was significantly increased the production of CTX-2 in cartilage absorption mediators. In addition, the Perilla frutescens var. crispa complex extract treatments effectively preserved the knee cartilage and synovial membrane. As a result, it indicates that the Perilla frutescens var. crispa complex extract improved degenerative arthritis symptoms. Thus, the Perilla frutescens var. crispa complex can be used in food material for the management of degenerative arthritis.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.335-347
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• 1997

Vitamin D is known to exert its action by activating DNA and RBA within target cells to produce proteins and enzymes that can be used in bone resorption process. Particularly, the active form of vitmain D, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol $[1,25-(OH)_2D_3]$, is considered to be one of the most potent stimulators of osteoclatic acitivity in vitro. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ on the avtivity of periodotal ligament cells and, the experimental tooth movement. Human periodontal ligament cells were collected from the first premolar tooth extracted for the orthodontic treatment, and were incubated in the environment of $37^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$ and 95% humidity. Microtitration(MIT) assay was done at 10, 25, 50 and 100ng/ml of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$. 21 Sprague-Daft rats were divided into a control gmup(3), and experimental groups(18) where 100g of force from helical spring was applied across the maxillary incisors 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ was injected into periodontal ligament at the mesial or distal surface of maxillary incisors so that we can compare the control side and the experimental side. Expreimental groups were sac rifled at 12, 24, 36, 48, 72hours and 7 days after force application, respectively. And the obtained tissues were evaluated histologically. The observed results were as follows. 1. The activity of periodontal ligament cells in l0ng/ml or 25ng/ml of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ was not significantly different to the control at the cultivation of 1, 2 and 3 days. 2. The activity of periodontal ligament cells was significantly increased at 3 days in 50 ng/ml of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ and 2, 3 days in 100g/ml of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$. 3. Up to 7 days after force application, there was no difference in osteoblastic activity, tearing of periodontal ligament and proliferation of capillary at tension side between 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ injection side and the control side. 4. The osteoclastic activity and the resorption of alveolar bone was greater in 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ injection side than the control side at 36 hours after force application.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.2146-2152
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• 2015

Apios americana Medik (hereinafter Apios) has been reported to treat diseases, including cancer, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes. The therapeutic effect of Apios is likely to be associated with its anti-inflammatory activity. This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of Apios in animal models of acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza A virus (H1N1). Mice were exposed to LPS or H1N1 for 2-4 days to induce acute lung injury. The treatment groups were administered Apios extracts via oral injection for 8 weeks before LPS treatment or H1N1 infection. To investigate the effects of Apios, we assessed the mice for in vivo effects of Apios on immune cell infiltration and the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and histopathological changes in the lung. After induction of acute lung injury, the numbers of neutrophils and total cells were lower in the Apios-treated groups than in the non-Apios-treated LPS and H1N1 groups. The Apios groups tended to have lower levels of tumor necrosis factor-a and interleukin-6 in BAL fluid. In addition, the histopathological changes in the lungs were markedly reduced in the Apios-treated groups. These data suggest that Apios treatment reduces LPS- and H1N1-induced lung inflammation. These protective effects of Apios suggest that it may have therapeutic potential in acute lung injury.

• Composites Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2021

This paper aims to reduce weight by replacing the reinforcements of the B-pillar used in vehicles with CFRP(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics) and GFRP(Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics) from the existing steel materials. For this, it is necessary to secure structural stability that can replace the existing B-pillar while reducing the weight. Existing B-pillar are composed of steel reinforcements of various shapes, including a steel outer. Among these steel reinforcements, two steel reinforcements are to be replaced with composite materials. Each steel reinforcement is manufactured separately and bonded to the B-pillar outer by welding. However, the composite reinforcements presented in this paper are manufactured at once through compression and injection processes using patch-type CFRP and rib-structured GFRP. CFRP is attached to the high-strength part of the B-pillar to resist side loads, and the GFRP ribs are designed to resist torsion and side loads through a topology optimization technique. Through structural analysis, the designed composite B-pillar was compared with the existing B-pillar, and the weight reduction ratio was calculated.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.92-104
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• 2021

This study aims to analyze online news articles to identify social issues related to patient safety and compare the changes in these issues before and after the implementation of the Patient Safety Act. This study performed text mining through the R program, wherein 7,600 online news articles were collected from January 1, 2010, to March 5, 2020, and examined using keyword analysis, topic modeling, and word co-occurrence network analysis. A total of 2,609 keywords were categorized into 8 topics: "medical practice", "medical personnel", "infection and facilities", "comprehensive nursing service", "medicine and medical supplies", "system development and establishment for improvement", "Patient Safety Act" and "healthcare accreditation". The study revealed that keywords such as "patient safety awareness", "infection control" and "healthcare accreditation" appeared before the implementation of the Patient Safety Act. Meanwhile, keywords such as "patient safety culture". and "administration and injection" appeared after the act's implementation with improved ranking of importance pertaining to nursing-related terminology. Interest in patient safety has increased in the medical community as well as among the public. In particular, nursing plays an important role in improving patient safety. Therefore, the recognition of patient safety as a core competency of nursing and the persistent education of the public are vital and inevitable.