• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.08a
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• pp.427-427
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• 2012

Cu(In,Ga)$Se_2 $ (CIGS) 박막 태양전지는 높은 효율과 낮은 생산 단가로 인해 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 특히, Se flux는 박막의 특성에 가장 중요한 CIGS의 결정성, 결정립 크기, 결정방향을 형성하는데 영향을 주는 것으로 알려져 있다. 일반적인 co-evaporation에 사용되는 Se effusion cell의 경우, 높은 분자가를 가지는 Se 분자들이 공급되기 때문에 낮은 반응성을 보이지만 Se cracker cell을 사용할 경우 Se 분자들이 열적으로 크래킹되어 낮은 분자가를 가지므로 화학적으로 높은 반응성을 가진다. 따라서 적은 양의 Se으로도 양질의 CIGS 박막 제작이 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 Se effusion cell과 cracker cell을 이용하여 CIGS 광흡수층을 제작하였으며, 각각 제작된 CIGS 박막의 특성을 비교하였다. 또한 Se cracker cell의 reservoir zone(R-zone) 온도를 통해 Se flux를 변화시켜 Se flux에 따른 CIGS 박막 태양전지의 특성에 대해 알아보았다. SEM, EDS, XRD 측정을 통해 박막의 특성을 분석하였고, J-V 측정을 통해 태양전지의 특성에 대해 알아보았다. Se cracker를 사용하여 제작된 CIGS 박막의 결정립 크기가 effusion cell로 제작된 박막보다 더 크게 나타났고, Se flux가 증가할수록 결정립의 크기는 증가하였다. Se cracker의 flux가 $0.17{\'{{\AA}}}$/s일 때 반사방지막 없이 13.14%의 효율을 나타내었다.

• Clean Technology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.219-225
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• 2013

Environment-friendly and surfactant-free aqueous cleaning agents have been developed in order to solve various problems generated by surfactants in the aqueous cleaning agents. Aqueous surfactant-free cleaning agents, S-1 and S-2 have been formulated with water-soluble solvents such as propylene glycol and propylene glycol ether on their main components and with some additives. These solvents were chosen because of their good solubility in water and excellent solubility of fluxes which are major contaminants of printed circuit board in the electronic industry. Physical properties of the formulated and the imported cleaning agents were measured to predict their cleaning performance, and their cleaning abilities of flux and solder contaminants were evaluated under the various ultrasonic frequencies by a gravimetric method. The measurement results show that the physical properties of cleaning agent V are generally similar with those of formulated cleaning agents S-1 and S-2. Both the cleaning agent V and the formulated cleaning agents S-1 and S-2 showed similar trends that their pH decrease in the beginning and then increases later on with the increase of their dilution in water. It is considered that the wetting indices of the cleaning agents calculated with experimental values do not not have any influence on their cleaning ability. In ultrasonic cleaning tests under three ultrasonic frequencies of 28, 45, and 100 kHz, their best performances of cleaning solder and flux were obtained at 45 kHz and 28 kHz, respectively, and the cleaning performance of the formulated cleaning agents S-1 and S-2 was better than that of the cleaning agent V. However, in the case of the recommended diluted concentration of 25 wt% cleaning solution, the cleaning performance of the cleaner V for solder and flux was better in the initial stage of cleaning compared to the formulated cleaners. And it may be concluded that the formulated cleaning agents S-1 and S-2 can be applied to cleaning of solder and flux in the industry, based on the experimental results in this study.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.352-355
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• 2004

Inconel 625 is useful in variety of industrial applications because of the resistance to attack in various corrosive media at temperatures from $200^{\circ}C$ to over $1090^{\circ}C$, in combination with good law- and high temperature mechanical strength. Rencently, this material is also used widely in offshore processing piping in order to extend the maintenance tenn and improve the quality of anti-corrosion. In general, high quality weldments for this material are readily produced by commonly used processes. Not all processes are applicable to this material group, Ni-alloys. Metallurgiad characterictics or the unavailability of matching, position or suitable welding processes. Nowadays, the flux cored wire is developed and applied for the better productivity in several welding position including the vertical position. in this study, the weldability and weldment characteristics of inconel 625 are considered in FCAW weld associated with the several shielding gases($80\%Ar\;+\;20\%\;CO_2,\;50\%Ar\;+\;50\%\;CO_2,\;100\%\;CO_2$) in viewpoint of welding productivity.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.234-238
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• 2004

Inconel 625 is useful in variety of industrial applications because of the resistance to attack in various corrosive media at temperatures from $200^{\circ}C$ to aver $1090^{\circ}C$, in combination with good law- and high temperature mechanical strength. Rencently, this material is also used widely in offshore processing piping in order to extend the maintenance term and improve the quality of anti-corrosion. In general, high quality weldments for this material are readily produced by commonly used processes. Not all processes are applicable to this material group, Ni-alloys. Metallurgical characterictics or the unavailability of matching, position or suitable welding processes. Nowadays, the flux cored wire is developed and applied for the better productivity in several welding position including the vertical position. in this study, the weldability and weldment characteristics (mechanical properties) of inconel 625 are considered in FCAW(Flux Core Arc Welding) associated with the several shielding gases($80\%Ar\;+\;20\%CO_2,\;50\%Ar+50CO_2,\;100CO_2$) in viewpoint of welding productivity.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.18 no.6 s.61
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• pp.96-100
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• 2004

Inconel 625 is useful in a variety of industrial applications because of the resistance to attack in various corrosive media at temperatures from $200^{\circ}C$ to over $1090^{\circ}C$, in combination with good low and high temperature mechanical strength. Rencently this material has also been widely used in offshore processing piping in order to extend the maintenance term and improve the quality of anti-corrosion. In general, high quality weldings for this material are readily produced by commonly used processes. How, not all processes are applicable to this material group of Ni-alloys. Metallurgical or the unavailability of matching, position or suitable welding processes produce a lower quality. Nowadays, the flux cored wire is developed and applied for increased productivity in several welding positions, including the vertical position. In this study, the weldability and weldment characteristics(mechanical properties) of inconel 625 are considered in FCAW(Flux Core Arc Welding) associated with the several shielding gases$(80\%Ar+20\%CO2,\;50\%Ar+50CO2,\;100CO2)$ in view of welding productivity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.20 no.3 s.71
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• pp.9-13
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• 2005

Inconel 625 is useful in variety of industrial applications because of the resistance to attack on various corrosive media at temperature from $200^{\circ}C$ to over $1090^{\circ}C$, in combination with good low and high temperature mechanical strength. Recently, this material is also used widely in offshore processing piping in order to extend the maintenance term and improvement the quality of anti-corrosion. In general, high quality weldments for this material are readily produced by commonly used processes. Not all processes are applicable to this material group, Ni-alloys. Metallurgical characteristics or the unavailability of matching, position or suitable welding process. Nowadays, the flux cored wire is developed and applied for the better productivity in several welding position including the vertical position. In this study, the weldability and weldment characteristics(mechanical properties) of inconel 625 are considered in FCAW(Flux Cored Arc Welding) associated with the severial shielding gases($80%Ar+20%CO_2,\;50%Ar+50%CO_2,\;100%CO_2$) in viewpoint of welding productivity.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.53-56
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• 2008

We have developed a system for nondestructive measurement of the magnetic flux leakage at welding flaws, existing in a gas pipeline by Hall sensor. For measuring the magnetic flux leakage, we designed a reference specimen having four kinds of welding flaws. Magnetic flux leakage is measured around the welding flaws of the specimen. The possibility for classification of different kinds of welding flaws is carried out by means of the peak-peak value and the interval between peak-peak of the magnetic flux leakage.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.128-133
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• 2000

Numerical analysis of the transport phenomena in an inductively coupled plasma reactor was conducted with two-dimensional axisymmetric model including the electromagnetic field model, electron and species density models. The spatial distribution of the charged species in the ion flux to the wafer have been calculated to examine the influence of the process conditions including antenna and reactor geometry. The antenna radius had a significant influence on the plasma state and axial ion flux distribution.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.187-195
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• 2015

The active transport characteristics of anions of cell membrane model which irradiated by $^{60}Co\;{\gamma}-ray$ was investigated. The cell membrane model used in this experiment was a sulfonated copolymerized membrane of poly(1-methyl-4-vinylpyridiniumiodide-co-divinylbenzene : MeVP-DVBI). First, the initial flux of $OH^-$ and $Cl^-$, $Na^+$ of membrane which was not irradiated was decreased with increase of thickness of membrane $80-200{\mu}m$, increased with increase of NaOH concentration 0-0.5mol/L and MeVP-DVBI concentration 20-80% was increased with initial flux of $OH^-$ and $Cl^-$, decreased with initial flux of $Na^+$. Second, the initial flux of membrane which was irradiated was less than that. And the driving force of pH of irradiated membrane was significantly increased more than membrane which was not irradiated. The initial flux of the $OH^-$ ion was decreased with increase of $H^+$ ion concentration. As selective transport of $OH^-$ and $Cl^-$ of cell membrane model were abnormal, cell damages were appeared at cell.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.352-357
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• 2015

To determine the pervaporation separation characteristics of 1-butanol/water mixtures, PEI/PDMS hollow fiber membrane module commercialized by Airrane Co. was subjected to both lab and pilot tests. The 1% 1-butanol of 1-butanol/water feed mixture was used. The flux of $133g/m^2hr$ and separation factor of 23.4 at $30^{\circ}C$ were obtained whereas the $505g/m^2hr$ and 5.1 were measured at $50^{\circ}C$. When compared with the performance of the hollow fiber PDMS membrane by Nagasep Co., the higher flux of $10{\sim}20g/m^2hr$ was obtained by the module of Airrane Co. In order to realized the durability of Airrane Co. module, the long-term test of 35 days has been conducted and as a result, the flux $510{\sim}520g/m^2hr$ and separation factor 20~25 were maintained with the initial values.