• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.199-200
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• 2008

ZnO을 주원료로 하고 첨가제로 $Bi_2O_3$, $Sb_2O_3$, $Nd_2O_3$, CoO, $Cr_2O_3$, $MnO_2$, NiO를 고정한 후 $Y_2O_3$ 첨가량에 바리스터의 전기적 특성을 검토하였다. $Y_2O_3$ 첨가량이 증가할 수록 바리스터 전압이 직선적으로 증가함을 확인할 수 있으며 결정립계에 존재하는 스핀넬상에 $Y_2O_3$가 이차상으로 존재함을 확인 할 수 있었다. $Y_2O_3$ 첨가에 따라 ZnO 결정입자 성장을 방해하여 바리스터 전압을 증가시키는 반면 결정립의 크기를 불균일하게 하여 유전율을 감소시키고 유전손실은 증가함을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과 $Y_2O_3$ 첨가로 바리스터 전압은 350 V/mm이상을 얻을 수 있으며 누설전류를 $1{\mu}A$이하로 하는 조성을 얻을 수 있었으며 소형 바리스터 제작이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.183-188
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• 2005

Effects of co-solvent polarity, citric acid, pressure, temperature, run time, and co-solvent ratio on extraction of major flavonoids from Lonicera Flos were investigated using supercritical fluid $CO_{2}(SF-CO_{2})$. HPLC analysis revealed addition of pure methanol resulted in low extraction yield of major flavonoids, luteoloin (Lu), Quercetin (Qu), Apigenin (Ap). Under same condition, as co-solvent polarity increased, yields of major flavonoids increased gradually, At optimum co-solvent extraction condirion of 60% aqueous methanol (10%, v/v), yields of Lu, Qu, and Ap were 42.09, 28.18, and 3.49 mg/100 g, respectively. Addition of citric acid to 60% aqueous methanol gave higher, with addition of 1% citrie acid resulting in highest yields of 63.2 (Lu), 39.35 (Qu), and 5.79 (Ap) mg/100 g. Optimum extraction conditions of major flavonoids were 200 bar, $50^{\circ}C$, 60 min, and $CO_{2}$-methanol-water(20: 1.8: 1.2).

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.501-506
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• 1988

The effects of alkali promoters on the activity and selectivity of Co/NaY catalyst have been investigated. The catalysts were prepared by impregnating NaY with aqueous solutions of alkali compounds and a benzene solution of $Co_2(CO)_8$. Hydrocarbon synthesis was studied in a flow reactor under the reaction conditions : temperature = 200∼250$^{\circ}C$, space velocity = 120∼$160hr^{-1}$, pressure = 1 atm, $H_2$/CO = 1. As the basicity of alkali promoter increases, the olefin selectivity, probability of chain growth, and CO$_2$ formation increase and methane formation decreases. The activity of CO hydrogenation increases with the pH of alkali solutions.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.223-227
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• 2009

$BaCO_3$ crystals with various morphology were prepared using precipitation, hydrothermal and ligand-assisted methods. An irregular structure of $BaCO_3$ microparticle was obtained by simple precipitation method from $Ba(NO_3)_2$ and $Na_2CO_3$ in aqueous solution. Hexagonal pyramidals of $BaCO_3$ were synthesized using a hydrothermal method between $Ba(NO_3)_2$ and urea. Hexagonal rods of $BaCO_3$ were also synthesized using the ligand-assisted hydrothermal method. The aspect ratio of $BaCO_3$ hexagonal rods was increased with the concentration of ligand.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 1998

Numerical computations were performed for the gasification of five different coals such as Lewis-Stockton bituminous, Utah bituminous. Illinois #6 bituminous, Usibelli sub-bituminous and Beulah-Zap lignite, to assess the effect of variation in oxygen to coal ratio and steam to coal ratio on reactive flow fields within an axisymmetric, entrained-flow gasifier. The concentrations of major products, CO and $H_2$, were calculated with varying oxygen to coal ratio(0.7~1.4) and steam to coal ratio. To verify the validity of predictions, the predicted and the measured values of CO and $H_2$ concentrations at the exit of the gasifier were compared for Roto coal. Reasonable agreement was obtained between the predicted and measured values. Predictions showed that the (CO+H_2$) concentration increased gradually to its maximum value with increasing oxygen-coal ratio, and CO concentration decreased, but $H_2$ concentration increased to some extent with increasing steam-coal ratio. When the oxygen-coal ratio was between 1.0 and 1.2, and the steam-coal ratio was between 0.3 and 0.4, high values of the cold-gas efficiency were obtained.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.154-158
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• 1999

Magnetic properties and microstructure of nanocrystalline $\alpha$-(Fe, Co)-based Nd-(Fe, Co)-B-Nb-Cu alloys have been investigated. $Nd_x(Fe_{0.9}Co_{0.1})_{90-x}B_6Nb_3Cu_1$(x=2, 3, 4, 5, 6) alloys prepared by rapid solidification process show amorphous phase except the one with x=2. By a proper annealing, the amorphous in the alloy is changed to a nanocrystalline phase. It is confirmed that the nanocrystalline alloys are composed of $\alpha$-(Fe, Co) and $Nd_2(Fe, Co)_{14}B_1$ phase. The optimally annealed $Nd_3(Fe_{0.9}Co_{0.1})_87B_6Nb_3Cu_1$ alloy shows the highest remanence of 1.55 T. The coercivity increases with the increase of Nd content The maximum coercivity of 4.6 kOe is obtained from an optimally annealed $Nd_6(Fe_{0.9}Co_{0.1})_84B_6Nb_3Cu_1$ alloy, resulting in the maximum energy product of 10.6 MGOe.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.220-224
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• 2000

Ultra-fine $Co_{1+x}$F $e_{2-}$2x/ $Ti_{x}$ $O_4$ferrite powders have been prepared by the sol-gel method. The crystallographic and magnetic properties of the sample have been investigated by means of x-ray diffraction, Mossbauer spetroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry. The formation of nano crystallized particles is confirmed. The x-ray diffractions of all samples with various compositions clearly indicate the presence of spinel structure. The Mossbauer spectra could be fitted as the superposition of two sextets due to F $e^{3+}$ A-site and B-site. The IS and QS values nearly constant with substituted Co-Ti contents, whereas $H_{hf}$ of B-site decreases with increasing Co-Ti substitution in $Co_{1+x}$F $e_{2-}$2x/ $Ti_{x}$ $O_4$. The magnetic behaviour of powders shows that the saturation magnetization and the coercivity decrease with increasing x in $Co_{1+x}$F $e_{2-}$2x/ $Ti_{x}$ $O_4$.$.X>.

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.15-23
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• 2002

환경친화적인 냉매를 탐색하는 과정에서 자연냉매 $CO_2$는 1990년대 초에 많은 사람들의 관심을 다시 끌게 되었고, 그 이후 구미 선진국 위주로 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 특히 $CO_2$는 탄화수소계 냉매가 안전상의 이유로 사용되기 어려운 차량용 냉방 시스템과 온수제조용 열펌프 시스템에 대하여 많은 연구가 이루어져 왔으며 최근에는 가정용 냉난방 시스템에 대한 연구도 진행되고 있다. $CO_2$를 냉매로 사용하는 냉동 시스템에 있어서 증발기는 시스템의 중요한 구성 요소이므로 제품 개발을 위해서는 증발기에서의 열전달 및 압력손실 특성에 대한 연구가 선행되어야 한다. $CO_2$의 증발 열전달에 있어서 작동매채인 $CO_2$의 비체적, 비열, 점성계수, 표면장력 등의 물성치가 크게 변화하므로 기존에 널리 사용되던 냉매의 중발열전달과는 상당히 다른 결과가 나타난다. 예를 들면 기존의 냉매에서는 건도가 증가함에 따라 열전달계수가 증가하는 것으로 알려져 있으나 $CO_2$의 경우에는 오히려 열전달계수가 감소하는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 이처럼 $CO_2$는 증발열전달 과정에서 기존 냉매의 경향으로부터 예측하기 힘든 결과가 나타나므로 다양한 형상의 증발기에 대하여 실험적으로 압력손실과 열전달계수를 구하는 연구는 성공적인 $CO_2$ 냉동 시스템의 개발을 위하여 필수 불가결하다. 본고에서는 $CO_2$ 냉동 시스템의 개발에 도움이 될 수 있도록 지금까지 국내외에서 수행된 $CO_2$ 증발 열전달에 관한 문헌조사를 통하여 연구결과들을 비교, 분석하고 향후의 연구 방향을 제시하고자 한다.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.286-293
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• 1998

Two methods were used to enhance the adsorption capacity of activated carbons. One is to impregnate activated carbons with chemical compounds which have a good affinity for $CO_2$. The other is to activate by heat-treating after impregnation with KOH on activated carbons(AC). The chemical compounds impregnated on AC were alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and transition metal chlorides. The adsorption capacity of $CO_2$ on AC impregnated with these metals was less than that of pure AC. These compounds have not the chemical affinity for $CO_2$ and obstruct the micropore of AC. The experiment of breakthrough for $CO_2$ on AC impregnated with KOH showed the increase of the adsorbed amount of $CO_2$ in influent gases containing water vapor. This means that KOH adsorbes $CO_2$ gas. However, the adsorbents impregnated with KOH had not the reproducibility because of the production of $K_2CO_3$ by the reaction of KOH with $CO_2$. The amount of $CO_2$ adsorbed on the heat-treated AC at $800^{\circ}C$ increased with the amount of impregnation. The adsorption capacity of $CO_2$ was the largest when the ratio of weight of KOH to AC equal to 4. The isosteric heat of adsorption was calculated by the equation of Clausius-Clapeyron form adsorption capacity data of $CO_2$ for the temperature change. In addition, the characteristics of $CO_2$ breakthrough curve were surveyed for the change of flow rate and concentration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.526-529
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 일정선량(600kGy)에서 전자빔 에너지(0.7, 1, 2 MeV)를 달리하여 조사한 $Ni/g-Al_2O_3$ 촉매를 이용하여 세 가지 다른 종류의 합성가스 전환반응(메탄의 이산화탄소 개질반응, 메탄의 수증기 개질반응, 메탄의 부분산화반응)을 수행하였다. 전자빔 조사는 He 분위기, 실온에서 수행하였으며, 조사된 촉매의 표면상태 변화를 살펴보기 위하여 XRD, XPS 분석을 수행하였다. 고에너지 전자빔 처리된 $Ni/g-Al_2O_3$ 촉매의 표면 특성분석 결과 촉매 표면의 Ni종은 metallic Ni, NiO, $NiAl_2O_4$의 3가지 상태로 존재함을 알 수 있었으며, 전자빔 에너지 증가에 따라 촉매 표면의 전체적인 Ni 함량과 촉매 표면의 Ni 분산도를 나타내는 Ni/Al ratio가 증가하였다. 또한, 전자빔 에너지 증가에 따라 Ni에 결합된 산소가 더 크게 감소되어 표면에서 산소 vacancy가 증가하는 결과를 가져왔으며, 이는 결국 세 가지 Ni의 상태 중 metallic Ni과 $NiAl_2O_4$를 증가시켰다. 이러한 결과들은 메탄의 이산화탄소 개질 반응과 메탄의 수증기 개질반응에서 반응물($CH_4$, $CO_2$)의 전환율과 생성물(CO, $H_2$)의 수득율을 증가시켰으며 메탄의 부분산화반응은 반응의 특성상 메탄의 전환율은 증가하나 생성물인 CO, $H_2$는 오히려 감소하는 결과를 가져옴을 알 수 있었다.