• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.32-36
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• 2021

Milking parlor wastewater contains not only high concentrations of organic compounds, but often animal antibiotics. To discharge the antibiotics to public water area cause problem of antibiotics resistant bacteria. Magnetic separation was applied into improvement of milking parlor wastewater treatment process. A new process, composed of a magnetic activated sludge (MAS) process and a contact oxidation (CO) process, was proposed in this study. This process was evaluated by the simulated milking parlor wastewater (4500 mg/L COD_Cr and 10 mg/L tetracycline) using a bench scale experimental setup. As a result, the process was able to removed 97% COD_Cr as well as 94% tetracycline. The MLVSS (mixed liquor volatile suspended solids) concentration of MAS was maintained at 12000 mg/L without excess sludge drawing. This process was considered to be useful as treatment process for milking parlor wastewater in which waste-milk including antibiotics is often discharged.

• 청정기술
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 크롬 탄닝을 대체할 수 있는 환경친화적인 유제 공정 처리제 (폴리머계, 폴리 페놀계, 폴리 레진계)를 개발하고, 이를 제혁 공정에 적용하여 혁의 물리적 특성에 미치는 영향 및 Cr, total nitrogen, COD, SS 등의 환경영향평가로 제혁 공정의 청정화를 위한 기초 연구를 진행하였다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.147-152
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• 2004

선박에서 발생되는 오${\cdot}$폐수를 처리하기 위하여 생물학적 영양염류 제거공정에서 질소와 인 등의 제거효율은 유기물의 양과 구성성분에 따라 영향을 받는 경향이었다. 선박에서 발생되는 음식폐기물을 이용하여 생성된 산발효액을 이용하여 영양염류를 효율적으로 제거하기 위한 외부탄소원으로 사용하여 산발효액의 적용성을 평가하였다. 음식폐기물 산발효액의 탈질율을 평가한 결과 질산성 질소가 완전히 제거되는 시간은 140분이였고, 탈질속도는 0.30g $NO_3-N/g\;VSS{\cdot}day$로 나타났다. 산발효액의 주입으로 인하여 유출수 중의 $COD_cr$ 농도가 증가함을 알 수 있었는데 이것은 산발효액에 존재하는 유기물을 미생물이 다 이용하지 못하는 부분이 존재하고 주입량의 증가에 따른 유출수 중의 $COD_cr$ 농도를 증가시켰다. 암모니아성 질소의 성상은 산발효액의 첨가에 크게 영향을 받지 않았으며 산화된 질소의 변화는 산발효액 주입량이 증가할수록 무산소단계에서 농도가 감소하여 전체 제거효율이 증가함을 볼 수 있었다.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2005년도 생물공학의 동향(XVII)
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• pp.450-455
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• 2005

To treat wastewater efficiently by a one-step process of nitrogen removal, a new strain of $N_2-producing$ bacteria from $NH{_4}{^+}$ under an aerobic condition was isolated and identified. By 16S-rDNA analysis, the isolate was identified as Enterobacter asburiae with 96% similarity. The isolate shows that the capacity of $N_2$ production under an oxic condition was approximately three times higher than that under an anoxic condition. The optimal conditions (pH, temperature and C/N ratio) of the immobilized isolate for $N_2$ production were found to be 7.0, $30^{\circ}C$ and 5, respectively. Under all the optimum reaction conditions, the removal efficiency of $COD_{Cr}$ and TN reached 56.1 and 60.9%, respectively. The removal rates of $COD_{Cr}$ and TN were highest for the first 2.5 hrs (with the removal $COD_{Cr}$ ratios of 32.1), and afterwards the rates decreased as reaction proceeded. For application of the immobilized isolate to a practical process of ammonium removal, a continuous bioreactor system exhibited a satisfactory performance at HRT of 12.1 hr, in which the effluent concentrations of $NH{_4}{^+}-N$ was measured to be 15.4 mg/L with its removal efficiency of 56.0%. The maximum removal rate of $NH{_4}{^+}-N$ reached 1.6 mg $NH{_4}{^+}-N/L/hr$ at HRT of 12.1 hr (with N loading rate of 0.08 $Kg-N/m^3-carrier/d)$. As a result, the application of the immobilized isolate appears a viable alternative to the nitrification-denitrification processes.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.443-451
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• 2010

This study was conducted to confirm the CSOs characteristics, and to estimate treatment efficiency of CSO treatment process. Flowrate was average $53,500m^3$/d, maximum $58,100m^3$/d during dry season, but after rain-fall, the flowrate was increased more than twice that of the dry season. And, water pollution concentrations, such as $COD_{Cr}$, SS, $BOD_5$, TN and TP of after rain-fall, were also increased. Thus, for more efficient treatment of pollutants during rainy season, The vortex separator and continuous fiber filter devices were used. From the results on particle range, removal efficiency of particle was 99.7% at the particle size range of $40{\sim}100{\mu}m$ but decreased as 55-80% at the below $40{\mu}m$. The removal efficiencies of $COD_{Cr}$, SS, TN and TP were approx. 70, 60, 70 and 50, respectively during the dry season and approx. 50, 50, 8 and 18% during the rainy season. Also, when compared with the primary sediment basin, $COD_{Cr}$, SS, TN and TP removal efficiencies were high. especially, at the case of TN and TP, TN was more removed than TP because of higher conversion factor value. But we needed more study for the injection of a coagulants to get more stable treatment efficiency for soluble pollutants. Consequently, This process can be used for CSOs treatment as well as replace the primary sedimentation basin during the dry season.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.193-202
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• 2015

The determining the appropriate dosage of coagulant is very important, because dosage of coagulant in the coagulation process for wastewater affects removing the amount of pollutants, cost, and producing sludge amount. Accordingly, in this study, in order to determine the optimal PAC dosage in the coagulation process, CCD (Central composite design) was used to proceed experimental design, and the quadratic regression models were constructed between independent variables (pH, influent turbidity, PAC dosage) and each response variable (Total coliform, E.coli, PSD (Particle size distribution) (< $10{\mu}m$), TP, $PO_4$-P, and $COD_{cr}$) by the RSM (Response surface methodology). Also, Considering the various response variables, the optimum PAC dosage and range were derived. As a result, in order to maximize the removal rate of total coliform and E.coli, the values of independent variables are the pH 6-7, the influent turbidity 100-200 NTU, and the PAC dosage 0.07-0.09 ml/L. For maximizing the removal rate of TP, $PO_4$-P, $COD_{cr}$, and PSD(< $10{\mu}m$), it is required for the pH 9, the influent turbidity 200-250 NTU, and the PAC dosage 0.05-0.065 ml/L. In the case of multiple independent variables, when the desirable removal rate for total coliform, E.coli, TP, and $PO_4$-P is 90-100 % and that for $COD_{cr}$ and PSD(< $10{\mu}m$) is 50-100 %, the required PAC dosage is 0.05-0.07 ml/L in the pH 9 and influent turbidity 200-250 NTU. Thus, if the influent turbidity is high, adjusting pH is more effective way in terms of cost since a small amount of PAC dosage is required.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.543-550
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• 2015

In this study, using soil brick with combined effective microorganisms and emergent plants was identified which it can increase the effect of conservation and improvement of water. Lab-test was consist of four kind of reactors and each of reactors were A(rawwater), B(soil brick), C(emergent plant) and D(soil brick+emergent plant). Iris pseudoacorus, Phargmites australis, Typha angustifolia and Zizania latifolia were used for emergent plant. Evaluation of application on various environment were performed on agricultural waterway and pond. The pH measurement test of soil brick was performed due to evaluate whether a strong alkaline water flows out of the soil brick. Result of lab-test, removal efficiency of D was better than removal efficiency of A presenting 20.9%, 27.9% 21.5%, 33.8% and 58.4% for $COD_{Cr}$, $BOD_5$, TN, TP and TSS respectively. Removal efficiency of soil brick on agricultural waterway was revealed to be 49.5%, 45.0%, 43.7%, 37.3% and 28.6% for $COD_{Cr}$, $BOD_5$, TN, TP and TSS respectively. And removal efficiency of soil brick on the pond was revealed to be 12.7%, 10.5%, 9.32%, 10.4% and 36.3% for $COD_{Cr}$, $BOD_5$, TN, TP and TSS respectively. Result of pH measurement test of soil brick was neutral which was about 6 to 8.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.504-510
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 2014년 03월에 인천 H항의 5개 정점(S1~S5)에서 채취된 표층 퇴적물의 물리화학적 특성을 조사하고, COD, AVS, IL 및 중금속(Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cr, Hg)을 분석하여 오염도를 평가하였다. 입도분석, 비표면적분석, XRD 및 XRF 분석을 통하여 채취된 퇴적물 시료 모두 거의 동일한 산화물과 광물로 구성되었음을 확인하였다. 국내기준으로 COD, AVS 및 IL 세 항목의 총점에 대한 오염도는 S2, S3, S5 지점은 2등급으로 S1, S4 지점은 3등급으로 평가되었다. 중금속 오염의 경우 Cd, Ni, Pb은 USEPA 기준으로 중간오염에 해당하였고, Cu, Zn 및 Cr은 심한오염으로 분류되었다. 농집지수를 이용한 오염도 평가결과 Cd가 Class 3으로 평가되었고, 농축계수를 이용한 평가결과 모든 지점에서 Cd, Pb, Zn의 경우 1보다 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또한 총농축계수는 S4지점이 3.1로 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.414-419
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• 2005

본 연구는 토양피복 접촉산화공정에서 새로 개발된 생물담체(Bio-rock)와 기존에 이용되어온 쇄석의 처리효율을 비교하기 위해 실시되었다 합성폐수는 $COD_{Cr}$ $150{\sim}370\;mg/L$, $BOD_5$ $150{\sim}270\;mg/L$, $T-N$ $20{\sim}60\;mg/L$, $T-P$ $5{\sim}25\;mg/L$, pH 7, 미량원소용액 2 mL/L로 조제되었다. 반응조는 2기를 준비하여 유입수량을 40 L/day로 하여 약 13개월간 운전했다. 초기 바이오락 반응기는 시멘트중의 $Ca(OH)_2$의 용출에 의해 pH 12까지 증가하였으나, 쇄석은 유기물 분해와 질산화에 의해 pH 4까지 감소하였다. pH의 불균형은 유기물 및 질소 분해균의 성장 및 활성에 저해를 초래했다 그러나 바이오락의 높은 pH는 암모니아 탈기와 인의 화학침전에는 유리한 것으로 판단되었다. 정상상태에서 바이오락은 $COD_{Cr}$ 96%, $BOD_5$ 98%, T-N 80%, T-P 85%의 높은 제거율을 나타내었고. 유입농도의 변화에도 매우 안정적이었다. 반면 쇄석의 경우 $COD_{Cr}$ 96%, $BOD_5$ 96%, T-N 42%, T-P 40%의 제거율을 나타내었다. 바이오락은 쇄석에 비해 질소, 인의 처리효율이 2배나 높았다. 또 전자현미경 분석결과에서 바이오락은 미생물의 부착이 쇄석에 비해 양호했고, 미생물 농도는 바이오락이 $5.2{\times}10^6\;CFU/mL$, 쇄석이 $2.6{\times}10^6\;CFU/mL$로 바이오락이 2배 높았다. 따라서 바이오락은 미생물 부착이 용이하고 처리효율이 높으며 유입농도 변동에도 안정적으로, 향후 처리기간 단축 및 부지면적의 감소에 유리하리라 판단된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권7호
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• pp.713-720
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• 2002

In order to provide the basic information on the environmental pollution of Kyungsan province, the contents of Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn and Zn in soil, stream water, aquatic sediment and groundwater were investigated, and also the values of pH, COD, $KMnO_4-C$,\;NH_3-N,\;NO_2-N,\;NO_3-N$ and $Cl^-$ of stream water and groundwater were determined. The results were as follows. The values of COD, $NH_3-N,\;NO_2-N$ and $NO_3-N$ of the stream waters were very low. The contents of Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn in the stream waters were respectively at range of $0.014~0.063 mg/{\ell},\;0.004~0.007 mg/{\ell$\mid$, 0~0.045 mg/{\ell},\;0~0.008 mg/{\ell}$\;and\;$0.001~0.175 mg/{\ell}$, and these values were much lower than those of contaminated stream water in Korea. The contents of Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn in the soils were respectively at range of 0.12~O.71 ppm, 0.88~2.65 ppm, 2.86~22.33 ppm and 3.89~26.39 ppm, and these values were much lower than those of ordinary polluted areas in Korea. The contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, As, Zn and Mn in the aquatic sediments were respectively at range of 3.05~3.81 ppm, 14.6~70.6 ppm, 13.74~61.59 ppm, 76.8~465.5 ppm, 12.56~190.83 ppm and 333.3~l188.3 ppm. The values of pH, $KMnO_4-C,\;NH_3-N$, and $NO_3-N$ of the groundwaters were respectively at range of 7.6~8.4, $0~3.95{\ell}$, 0.05~0.15 mg/{\ell}$ and 0.05~0.42 $mg/{\ell}$. The contents of Pb, Cd and Cr in the groundwaters were respectively at range of 0.015~0.061 $mg/{\ell}$, 0.O06~0.009 $mg/{\ell}$ and 0.005~0.045 $mg/{\ell}$.