• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1993.07b
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• pp.1147-1149
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• 1993

ZnO/$SnO_2$:F bilayer films have been prepared by pyrosol deposition method to develop optimum transparent electrode for use in amorphous silicon solar cells. The solution for $SnO_2:F$ film was composed of $SnCl_4{\cdot}5H_2O,\;NH_4F,\;CH_3OH$ and HCl, and ZnO films have been deposited on the $SnO_2:F$ films by using the solution of $ZnO(CH_3COO){_2}{\cdot}2H_2O,\;H_2O\;and\;CH_3OH$. These films have been investigated the variation of electrical and optical properties under the hydrogen plasma exposure. The sheet resistance of the $SnO_2:F$ film was sharply increased and its transmittance was decreased with the blackish effect after plasma treatment. However, the ZnO/$SnO_2:F$ bilayer film was shown hydrogen plasma durability because the electrical and optical properties was almost unchanged more then 60 seconds exposure time.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.2206-2208
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• 2003

This paper is performed to find the effects on body heat by stimulating the skin with the heat of a moxibustion cauterizer and the Artemisia-lotion which cause the extension of the blood vessel. The Artemisia-lotion is made by extracting the vasodilator and antioxidant compounds from the $Artemisia-CH_2Cl_2$ fraction. The moxibustion cauterizer is constructed with a DC power supply and 3 heating electrodes with PTC(Positive Temperature Coefficients) thermistor. The stimulation temperature level of the moxibustion cauterizer is $45^{\circ}C\;-48^{\circ}C$. We gave the subjects the following stimulating conditions; only heat stimulation, only Artemisia -lotion stimulation, and both stimulations. The measurement of body heat was performed with a infrared thermography system . Finally we could estimate the effects of a betterment of circulation of the blood from $Artemisia-CH_2Cl_2$ fraction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.27-34
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• 1991

This paper is for the properties of the oxidation-proof of the partially discharged and of the molecular motion on chlorinated PE Film. this paper also shows the properties of the molecular motion of the ${\gamma}$ ray irradiated PE Film. 1 In the surface of the PE Film enforce chlorination, C-Cl be distributed up to 10 $\mu$m deep. 2. In according to the development of the chlorination, the measure of crystalization decreased and cross link occured. 3. Chlorination PE Film control the oxidation on ozone to occuratlon by partial discharge and it lost bonding chlorine. 4. in according to chlorination, ${\gamma}$ absorption in motion of CH2 main chain of PE drcreased by chlorine stbstitution.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.849-854
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• 1996

boehmite which is the by-product in alcohol process contains anions such as $Cl^-,{NO_3}^-.or\; CH_3COO^-$ Influe-nce of these anions was studied on properties of $\alpha$-alumina powders prepared by treating the transformed ${\gamma}$-alumina with the alumina sol and $\alpha$-alumina seeds (d_{50}=0.36\mu\textrm{m}$) Disperal 20/1 and 10/1 containing $Cl^-$ produced spherical powder Disperal 20/2 with ${NO_3}^-$ produced equiaxed powder and Disperal 10/3 with $CH_3$ $COO^-$ irregular shaped and sized powder. All of these $\alpha$-alumina powders were submicron. Although the green density of the alumina powder derived from Disperal 10/1 by calcination at $1200^{\circ}C$/1h. was 53% it did not sinter even at $1550^{\circ}C$ for 2h. which implies that its d50 is greater than $3\mu\textrm{m}$. The others gave green densities in the range of 44~47% but they sintered as well as the AKP-30 at $1500^{\circ}C$/2 h or $1550^{\circ}C$/2 h.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.3279-3282
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• 2010

The reaction rates of 4-X-2,6-dinitrochlorobenzenes (X = $NO_2$, CN, $CF_3$) with Y-substituted benzylamines (Y = p-$OCH_3$, p-$CH_3$, H, p-Cl) in MeOH-MeCN mixtures were measured by conductometry at $25^{\circ}C$. It was observed that the rate constant increased in the order of X = $NO_2$ > CN > $CF_3$ and in the order of Y = p-$OCH_3$ > p-$CH_3$ > H > p-Cl. When the solvent composition was varied, the rate constant increased in the order of 100% MeOH < 50% (v/v) MeOH-MeCN < 100% MeCN. These results may be ascribed to the formation of hydrogen bonds between the alcoholic hydrogen and nitrogen of benzylamines in groud state (GS). We conclude that the reaction takes place via $S_NAr$ base on the transition state parameters ${\rho}x$, ${\rho}Y$, $\beta_{nuc}$, and solvent effects.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2003

2kg of pollen extracted with EtOH(98%), concentrated, and fractionated with a series of hexane, CH$_2$Cl$_2$ EtOAc and $H_2O$ on a separately funnel. Each fraction was freeze dried to give dark-brown powder and EtOAc soluble portion of the powder was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column using a series of aqueous methanol as eluents. Spectrometric analysis such as NMR and FAB-MS including TLC were performed to characterize the structures of isolated compounds. Pollen contained a small amount of flavonol derivatives such as quercetin-3-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside and kaempferol-3-O-$\beta$-D-rutinoside in addition to a small amount of flavanonol compound such as aromadendrin-5-methyl ether and acid compound such as.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.558-564
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• 1992

Product yields were determined for the reaction of styrene with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in CH$_2$Cl$_2$ with various substituted manganese porphyrin complexes as catalysts. In the presence of the electron withdrawing group and ortho-substituted manganese porphyrin complexes, reaction rate and epoxide selectivity are increased. Also reaction rate and epoxide selectivity are largely increased by the presence of imidazole which behaves as axial ligand of the manganese porphyrin complexes. By the kinetic study with Michealis-Menten equation, the factor significantly affected to catalytic ability is $K_m$ value. A large binding affinity consists with the low $K_m$. With theoretical analysis by EHMO calculation, the results are in good agreement with experimental data.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.649-654
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• 1995

The reactivity of superoxide ion($O{_2}^{-.}$) with halogenated substrates is investigated by cyclic voltammetry and rotated ring-disk electrode method in aprotic solvents. The more positive the reduction potential of the substituted nitrile, the more facile is nucleophilic displacement by $O{_2}^{-.}$. The reaction rates of halogenonitriles with $O{_2}^{-.}$ vary according to the leaving-group propensity of halide (Br>Cl>F). The relative reaction rates of other substituted nitriles are in the order of electron-withdrawing propensity of the substituent group (CN> $C(O)NH_2$ >Ph, $CH_2CN$). The reaction of $O{_2}^{-.}$ with dihalocarbons indicates that five-membered rings can be rapidly formed by the cyclization of substrate and $O{_2}^{-.}$, and the relative rates of cyclization depend on the number of methylenic carbons {$Br(CH_2)_nBr$, [n=1<2<3>4>5]}. Mechanisms are proposed for the reaction of $O{_2}^{-.}$ with halogenated substrates.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.135-139
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• 1992

The mono(aryl)cyanoplatinum(II) complex $[Pt(CN)(C_6H_3{CH_2NMe_2}_2-26)]$, reacts with the dihalogens to yield the mono(aryl)cyanoplatinum complexes $[PtX_2(CN)(C_6H_3{CH_2NMe_2}_2-26)]$, (X = Cl, Br, I). The structural configuration of the two halogen atoms for a square planar platinum complex was studied by 1H-NMR spectroscopy and led to a mixture of trans and cis orientation. The trans orientation was found to be more stable in energy (1.33 kcal/mol) than the cis orientation by means of Extended H ckel calculations. On the base of a combination of the analysis of $^1H-NMR$, $^{13}C-NMR spectra and computational calculations it is assumed that the intermediate consists of an initial attack in the linear transition state, leading to the $S_{N}2$ type mechanism.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1060-1064
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• 1995

The reactivity of superoxide ion (O2-.) with halogenated substrates is investigated by cyclic voltammetry and rotated ring-disk electrode method in aprotic solvents. The more positive the reduction potential of the substituted nitrile, the more facile is nucleophilic displacement by O2-.. The reaction rates of halogenonitriles with O2-. vary according to the leaving-group propensity of halide (Br > Cl > F). The relative reaction rates of other substituted nitriles are in the order of electron-withdrawing propensity of the substituent group (CN > C(O)NH2 > Ph ≒ CH2CN). The reaction of O2-. with dihalocarbons indicates that five-membered rings can be rapidly formed by the cyclization of substrate and O2-., and the relative rates of cyclization depend on the number of methylenic carbons {Br(CH2)nBr, [n=1 < 2 < 3 > 4 > 5]}. Mechanisms are proposed for the reaction of O2-. with halogenated substrates.