• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.137-143
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• 1997

본 연구는 고들빼기를 분획별로 나누어 수층, butanol 층, hexane층, ethyl acetate층 분획 물들을 1주일간 흰 쥐의 복강내 주사 후 마지막날 사염화탄소를 복강내 1회 투여하여 간손상을 유발시킨 쥐의 간중량, 과산화지질, 항산화효소활성 및 간조직을 관찰하였다 체중에 대한 간중량 백분율은 간손상군중에서 n-hexane 분획물 투여군이 가장 낮게 나타났으며, 혈청 중 GPT활성 역시 n-hexane 분획물 투여군이 거의 정상군과 비슷한 수준으로 떨어 졌다. 간 중 MDA함량은 고들빼기 분획물 투여군들이 모두 낮은 경향이었으며 그 중에서도 n-butanol 분획물 투여군과 n-hexane 분획물 투여군이 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 낮았다 간 중 GST활성은 정상군에 비해 간손상군이 떨어졌으며 간손상군에서는 대조군에 비해 ethyl acetate 분획물 투여군이 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 간조직 관찰에서는 정상군에 비 해 간손상군의 조직에 염증 및 괴사가 뚜렷이 나타났고 고들빼기 n-hexane 분획물 투여 후 간독성 유발 쥐의 간조직에서는 염증 및 괴사가 확실히 감소한 경향을 볼 수 있었다.

• 약학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2004

Hovenia dulcis which is distributed in Korea, China and Japan is known to show hepatoprotctive effect and reduce the acute alcohol toxicity. In this study, the hepatoprotective effect against the chemically induced experimental liver injury models and lowering effect of blood alcohol level in animal models acutely administered alcohol by the peduncle extracts of Hovenia dulcis var. koreana were investigated. HdfHW-1, and HdfM-1 which are the extracts of fruit peduncles and young branches with hot water or 70％ methanol and followed with 100％ methanol, were significantly reduced the $CCl_4$ or D-galactosamine/LPS induced damage in sliced liver. The hot water or methanol extracts of fruit peduncle protected dose-dependently against $CCl_4$ induced toxicity in primary hepatocyte culture and particularly, the amount of LDH release was reduced to the control level at 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of hot water extracts. HdfHW-1 also decreased the hepatotoxicity induced by $CCl_4$ in rats. The active components of HdfHW-1 seemed to be high molecular weights because 0.2 M NaCl HdfHW-1 fraction was the most effective among NaCl fractions of HdfHW-1 eluted with various concentrations of NaCl on DEAE 650C column chromatography. HdfM and HdfHW were significantly reduced the levels of blood alcohol in rats and mice administered 40％ alcohol. These results indicated that the hot water or methanol extracts of fruit peduncle of Hovenia dulcis var. koreana have hepatoprotective effect and may be reduce alcohol toxicity.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.340-345
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• 2004

Our work in this study was made in the microsomal fraction to evaluate the lipid peroxidation by measuring superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and to elucidate the preventive role of CS in the $CCl_4$-induced oxidative stress. The excessive lipid peroxidation by free radicals derived from $CCl_4$ leads to the condition of oxidative stress which results in the accumulation of MDA. MDA is one of the end-products in the lipid peroxidation process and oxidative stress. MDA, lipid peroxide, produced in this oxidative stress causes various diseases related to aging and hepatotoxicity, etc. Normal cells have a number of enzymatic and nonenzymatic endogenous defense systems to protect themselves from reactive species. The enzymes in the defense systems, for example, are SOD, CAT, and GPx. They quickly eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion free radicalㆍO$^{[-10]}$ $_2$, hydrogen peroxide $H_2O$$_2$ and hydroxyl free radicalㆍOH. CS inhibited the accumulation of MDA and the deactivation of SOD, CAT and GPx in the dose-dependent and preventive manner. Our study suggests that CS might be a potential scavenger of free radicals in the oxidative stress originated from the lipid peroxidation of the liver cells of $CCl_4$-treated rats.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.14-20
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• 2009

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of zinc proteases that serve the function of breaking down extracellular matrix (ECM). The present study evaluated the role of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the increased deposition of ECM in hepatic and glomerular fibrosis caused by carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$). The activity of MMPs increased and the levels of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases 1 and 2 (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) decreased in the liver and kidney of $CCl_4$-treated rats. Rats treated with $CCl_4$ and NAC showed increased activities of MMPs and decreased levels of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in the liver and kidney. Treatment with NAC resulted in the effective degradation of ECM due to an increase in the activities of MMPs and a decrease in the levels of TIMPs.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.347-356
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• 1992

In oriental medicine, Artemisia Iwayomogi(Compositae) has been used clinically for jaundice, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis etc. The purposes of present study were to examine pharmacological effects of Artemisia lwayomogi water extract(AIWE) on weights of body, liver, kidney, spleen and adrenal, and on biochemical parameters (activities of AST, ALT and LDH, contents of cholesterol and triacylglycerol, and levels of hepatic lipid peroxide) against hepatic injury by carbon tetrachloride($CCl_4$) in rats. The results were as follow; 1. Body weights were reduced by $CCl_4$. In AIWE pretreatment groups, reduction of body weights was inhibited at 48 hours. Increased liver weights by $CCl_4$ were reduced in proportion to numbers of treatment of AIWE in AIWE pre- and posttreatment groups. Increased kidney weights by $CCl_4$ were reduced in AIWE pretreatment groups at 72 hours. Increased weights of spleen and adrenal by $CCl_4$ were not affected by AIWE treament. 2. Increased AST activities by $CCl_4$ were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in AIWE posttreatment groups at 48 and 72 hours. Increased ALT activities by $CCl_4$ were significantly(p<0.05) decreased in AIWE posttreatment groups at 48 hours. Increased LDH activities by $CCl_4$ were very significantly (p<0.01, p<0.001) decreased in AIWE posttreatment groups at 48 and 72 hours, respectively. 3. Increased cholesterol contents by $CCl_4$ were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in AIWE posttreatment groups at 24 and 48 hours. Decreased triacylglycerol contents by $CCl_4$ were significantly (p<0.05) increased in AIWE posttreatment at 48 and 72 hours. 4. Increased hepatic lipid peroxide levels by $CCl_4$ were significantly (p<0.05, p<0.01) decreased in AIWE posttreatment groups at 48 and 72 hours, respectively. In conclusion, AIWE did not affect normal liver function and had property of antioxidant, due to reduced lipid peroxidation by $CCl_4$. AIWE seems to have hepatoprotective effects rather than direct preventive effects to $CCl_4$-induced necrotic degeneration of liver cell, cholestasis and damages in metabolism of lipid.

• 생약학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.111-114
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• 1999

Inhibitory effect of water and ethyl acetate extract of 60 kinds of herbal medicines was investigated on ${\beta}-glucuronidase$. Among water extract of them, Galla Rhois had the most potent ${\beta}-glucuronidase-inhibitory\;activity$. Termaliae Fructus, Amomi Tsa-ko Fructus and Arecae Semen were also potent inhibitors. Among ethyl acetate extract of them, Galla Rhois had the most potent ${\beta}-glucuronidase-inhibitory\;activity$. Nelumbinis Semen. Ephedrae Radix and Termaliae Fructus were also potent inhibitors. The extract of Galla Rhois had potent hepatoprotective effect on $CCl_4-induced$ hepatotoxicity of rats. These results suggest that the ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ seems to be closely related to the liver injury, which could be prevented by the inhibitor of ${\beta}-glucuronidase$.

• 생약학회지
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• 제36권4호통권143호
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• pp.305-310
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• 2005

Sarcodon aspratus (Thelepholaceae), a native mushroom, is distributed in Korea and Japan, and has been widely used in traditional food and fork medicines. To confirm the biological activities of Sarcodon aspratus, the liver protecting activity, anti-clotting activity, and anti-complementary activity of the water extract, EtOH extract, and the water soluble proteoglycan part of S. aspratus were investigated. The EtOH, and water extract of S. aspratus decreased the GOT and GPT releases induced by $CCl_4$ in a dose-dependant manner. On the other hand, the water soluble proteoglycan part of S. aspratus showed weak inhibitory activity. In addition, the EtOH and water extract of S. aspratus prevented $CCl_4-induced$ hepatotoxicity, as described by a liver histopathologic study. To confirm the anti-clotting activity, the APTT and PT assay were carried out. As a result, only the crude proteoglycan part of S. aspratus showed the anti-coagulating activity, and this result might be due to the inhibition of intrinsic clotting system. Also, the crude proteoglycan part of S. aspratus showed the anti-complementary activity, and the $IC_{50}$ value was $50\;{\mu}l/ml$.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.297-307
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• 2003

In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of the Puerarie Radix water extract (PRE) against CCl₄-induced hepatotoxicity and the mechanism underlying these protective effects in the rats. The pretreatment of PRE has shown to possess a significant protective effect by lowering the serum alanine and aspartate aminoteansferase (AST and ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). This hepatoprotective action was confirmed by histological observation. In addition, the pretreatment of PRE prevented the elevation of hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) formation and the depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) content and catalase activity in the liver of CC1₄-injected rats. The PRE also displayed hydroxide radical scavenging activity in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = 83.6 μg/ml), as assayed by electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-trapping technique. Moreover, the expression of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) mRNA, as measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), was significantly decreased in the liver of PRE-pretreated rats when compared with that in the liver of control group. Based on these results, it was suggested that the hepatoprotective effects of the PRE may be related to antioxidant effects and regulation of CYP2E1 gene expression.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2007

가열공정이 없는 생식은 화식과 달리 대사효소가 보존되어 있어 체내에서 유익한 작용을 할 것으로 예측되고 있다. 생식 시장의 확대에도 불구하고 아직까지 생식의 효과에 대한 과학적 연구가 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 수컷 ICR 생쥐를 일반사료 섭취 후 올리브오일을 투여한 대조군, 사염화탄소$(CCl_4)$를 투여한 실험군 1 (Exp 1), 생식을 급이한 후 사염화탄소를 처리한 실험군 2 (Exp 2)로 나누어 간내 효소, 단백질 및 조직학적 분석을 통하여 생식의 간보호 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 혈청 AST 수치는 대조군에서 $135.50{\pm}121.84\;IU/L$, 실험군 1에서 $4808.07{\pm}1492.94\;IU/L$, 실험군 2에서 $1799.20{\pm}1182.27\;IU/L$로 나타났으며, ALT 수치는 대조군에서 $27.60{\pm}15.04\;IU/L$, 실험군 1에서 $7317.60{\pm}2137.51\;IU/L$, 실험군 2에서 $2902.20{\pm}2302.71\;IU/L$로 나타났다(p<0.01). ALP는 대조군에서 $279.90{\pm}38.32\;IU/L$, 실험군 1에서 $329.7{\pm}50.65\;IU/L$, 실험군 2에서 $427.80{\pm}85.36\;IU/L$로 나타났다. 이는 실험군 2와 실험군 1, 실험군 2와 대조군 사이에서 각각 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.01). 또한 조직학적인 관찰에서도 실험군 1과 실험군 2 사이에 뚜렷한 차이가 관찰되었다. 사염화탄소를 처리한 실험군 1은 육안관찰과 광학현미경 관찰에서 심한 조직괴사가 관찰되었지만 실험군 2에서는 육안검사 상 정상조직과 거의 차이를 보이지 않았고 광학현미경 관찰에서는 중심정맥 주위로 약간의 괴사와 심한 호중구 침윤현상을 보여주었다. 생식에 함유된 저분자량의 생리활성 물질은 다양한 페놀 화합물(phenolic compounds)로 구성되어 있으며, 항산화작용으로 대표되는 수많은 생리활성기능을 가지고 있다. 곡류 원료의 대표적인 식물성 생리활성물질(phytonutrients)로서 곡류에는 phytoesterogen, lignan, phytic acid, 콩에는 phytoesterogen (isoflavon), phytosterol, saponiu, 과채류에는 carotenoid, flavonoid, 유기황 복합체 (organosulfur compounds), 버섯류에는 alkaloid, polypeptide, nucleoside가 다량 함유되어 있다. 모든 곡류에는 arabinoxylan과 ferulic acid와 같은 식물성 생리활성물질들이 다량 함유되어 있어 생식은 곡류의 phytochemical의 활성을 높이는 가장 효과적인 섭취방법이라고 할 수 있다. 이번 연구 결과는 생식이 직접적인 간보호 효과를 보임으로써 건강기능성식품으로서의 가능성을 제시하였다. 앞으로 생식의 효과에 대한 다양한 후속 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.400-405
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the therapeutic effects of Hovenia dulcis Thunberg (HDT) and HDTmix extracts on the biochemical analysis, histopathology and histomorphometry of liver and kidney in carbon tetrachloride $(CCl_4)$ administrated rats. Extract was prepared by autoclave ($121^{\circ}C$, 15 psi, 3 hours) and filtered with nylon cloth and filter paper then freezing dried. In blood chemistry analysis, HDTmix group, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were significantly (p<0.01) decreased compared to the $CCl_4$ group, on 3rd day, respectively. In histologic and histomorphometry analysis, the $CCl_4-related$ hepatopathies and nephropathies were dramatically decreased (3rd, 5th day), and well corresponded to the histopathological changes significantly (p<0.01) decreases of degenerative regions, degenerative cells and glomeruli were detected in liver and kidney with significantly decreases of $CCl_4$ group. HDTmix group, quite similar effects on the liver and kidney were observed compared to that of HDT extracts group but more favorable efficacies were detected especially HDTmix also inhibit the hepatopathies (1 day), in which HDT extract does not showed any inhibit effects.