• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.93-101
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• 2014

Asymmetric 1,2-distearoyl-3-oleoyl-rac-glycerol (SSO) triacylglycerol (TAG) is used as a cocoa butter replacer (CBR). In this study, it was produced by lipase-catalyzed interesterification of fully hydrogenated soybean oil (FHSBO) and oleic ethyl ester (OEE) in a batch type reactor at $75^{\circ}C$, 250 rpm. Different molar ratios (FHSBO : OEE=1:1, 1:2 and 1:3, w/w) and various reaction times (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hr) were also tested. The optimized condition for SSO was a FHSBO : OEE molar ratio of =1:1 at reaction times of 2, 3, 4, and 5 hr. Enzymatic synthesis generated SSO/SOS, as well as the other TAGs (e.g., PSO/POS, SOO/OSO, SSS), ethyl esters, monoacylglycerol (MAG), and diacylglycerol (DAG). After scale-up, fractionation by solvent (methanol and acetone) fractionation and column chromatography was applied. To reduce ethyl esters, high-melting TAGs (e.g., SSS), and SOO/OSO in reactants, solvent fractionation was applied. Using a silica gel column (sample : silica gel=2:1, wt%), MAG and DAG were removed at $25^{\circ}C$. The major fatty acid composition of the final products (with a high SSO/SOS content) was palmitic acid (C16:0, 10.9~12.9 area%), stearic acid (C18:0, 52.2~54.9 area%), and oleic acid (C18:1, 34.2~35.5 area%). In reversed-phase HPLC analysis, the major TAG species of the final product (FHSBO : OEE=1:1, 2 hr) were SSO/SOS (82.31 area%) and PSO/POS (14.51 area%). Based on the $[SS]^+$ : $[SO]^+$ ratio obtained by RP-HPLC/APCI-MS, the final product had a higher SSO (AAB type TAG) content than cocoa butter (CB). The solid fat index (SFI) of CB and the final product obtained were similar with a narrow melting point range around ~32 to $35^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.141-158
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• 2009

The requirements of knowledge customization have increased as information resources have become more various and the numbers of the resources are increased. Even if the method for collecting the information has improved like Really Simple Syndication (RSS), information users are still struggling for extracting and customizing the required information through the Web. To reduce the burden, we offer the dynamic knowledge customization framework by using ontology-based CBR. The framework consisting of three phases is comprised of the conversion phase of web information as a machine-accessible case, the extraction phase to find a case appropriate for information users' requirements, and the case customization phase to create knowledge depending on information user's requirements. Newly, the dynamic and intensity-based similarity is adopted to support timely dynamic change of users' requirements. The framework has adopted to create traveler's knowledge to the level users wanted.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.608-613
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• 2009

This study aims to examine terrorism by biological agents. These days terrorism evolved so rapidly that more than one terror occurs a day in global society as we are on the edge of so-called New-terrorism. One of new examples of new terrorism is Bioterrorism by biological agents. In order to address Bioterrorism we should conduct a study to examine things to be prepared at ordinary times and future plans. As an effort to develop countermeasures against Bioterrorism, anti-terrorism laws should be made on Prevention phases anti-terrorism funding laws as well. Other Bioterrorism laws need to be made. On Response phases initial reaction task force should be ready for making positive initial reaction. A special hospital for CBR(Chemical, Biological, and Radiological) warfare needs to be designated to practice medicine. Biological-Safety-Levels should be constructed by IV levels. Effective public promotion network should be built. On Recovery phases evaluation system needs to be suggested and international cooperative network should be established.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.105-129
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• 2008

Using a method of Community-Based Research, Reconstructed action plaining for community change within the rural community is to mobilize and develop community resources, to develop and change community service delivery system, to communicate on community issues and advocacy. Research findings are as follows: Firstly, community outreach, its utility is finding some needy client within the lack of resources absolutely. Secondly, one is linking communities between a poor community and a wealthy community. Finally, one is building initiative social capital. The results suggest that social policy for rural community should built up service delivery system. It needs for local government to maintain community change by financial support. It has to link social welfare system and medical system.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.63-73
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• 1998

The home visiting health nurses are important man-power who can serve various and persistent rehabilitation care to disabled person in community. The Community Based Rehabilition project(CBR) of national rehabilition center have been carried out from 1995. As a part of that project national health center performed rehabilition education program for home visiting health nurses. The purpose of this study is to analysis the effect of this education. In the first stage all of those groups were educated for two weeks in national rehabilitation center. But only two group nurses, one is in a urban and the other in a rural community, have been educated continually in the field through discussing rehabilitation care case study. The data in this study were gathered from three group healh nurses and analysed by SAS computer program. The results about knowledge, attitude and practice changes of the three group nurses were as follows. 1. In the pre education state the mean point of all nurses' attitude for rehabilition was 59, but in the post education state that was 90. The difference between pre and post attitude is very significant(t=-14.1. p<0.0001l). 2. In the pre education state the mean point of all nurses' knowledge for rehabilition was 45, but in the post education state that was 78. The difference between pre and post knowledge is very significant(t=-12.7, p<0.000l). 3. In the pre education state the mean point of all nurses' practice for rehabilition care was 37, but in the post education state that was 62. The difference between pre and post practice is very significant(t=-7.3, p<0.000l). 4. In practice point, the two group nurses who have been educated continuously were superior to the other(t=-3.9. p<0.00l). 5. All points between the urban and rural nurses were no significant differences(p>0.l). 6. All changes of the attitude, knowledge and practice did not affected by age(F=0.58, p>0.l). professional career(F=O.61, p>0.l), educational background(F=0.97, p>0.l).

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.235-242
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• 2009

This study aims to examine terrorism by biological agents. These days terrorism evolved so rapidly that more than one terror occurs a day in global society as we are on the edge of so-called New-terrorism. One of new examples of new terrorism is Bioterrorism by biological agents. In order to address Bioterrorism we should conduct a study to examine things to be prepared at ordinary times and future plans. As an effort to develop countermeasures against Bioterrorism, anti-terrorism laws should be made on Prevention phases anti-terrorism funding laws as well. Other Bioterrorism laws need to be made. On Response phases initial reaction task force should be ready for making positive initial reaction. A special hospital for CBR(Chemical, Biologlcal, and Radiological) warfare needs to be designated to practice medicine. Biological~safety-Levels should be constructed by IV levels. Effective public promotion network should be built. On Recovery phases evaluation system needs to be suggested and international cooperative network should be established.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.27 no.2_2
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• pp.437-443
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• 2024

The purpose of radiological Dispersal Device(RDD) is to kill people by explosives and to cause radiation exposure by dispersing radioactive materials. And It is a form of explosive that combines radioactive materials such as Co-60 and Ir-192 with improvised explosives. In this study, we tested and evaluated whether it was possible to read the internal structure of an explosive using X-rays in a radioactive explosive situation. The improvised explosive device was manufactured using 2 lb of model TNT explosives, one practice detonator, one 9V battery, and a timer switch in a leather briefcase measuring 41×35×10 cm³. The radioactive material used was the Co-60 source used in the low-level gamma ray irradiation device operated at the Advanced Radiation Research Institute of the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute. The radiation dose used was gamma ray energy of 1.17 MeV and 1.33 MeV from a Co-60 source of 2208 Ci. The dose rates are divided into 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 Gy/h, and the exposure time was divided into 1, 3, 5, and 10 minutes. Co-60 source was mixed with the manufactured explosive and X-ray image reading was performed. As a result of the experiment, the X-ray image appeared black in all conditions divided by dose rate and time, and it was impossible to confirm the internal structure of the explosive. This is because γ-rays emitted from radioactive explosives have higher energy and stronger penetrating power than X-rays, so it is believed that imaging using X-rays is limited By blackening the film. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data for research and development of X-ray imaging that can read the internal structure of explosives in radioactive explosive situations.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.29
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• pp.193-222
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• 2011

Our country successfully hosted the G20 summit in Seoul in November, 2010. Afterwards, however, the Yeonpyungdo shelling incident took place by the North, and the North Korean nuclear issue have strained interKorean relations. Our country is going to host the nuclear security summit, which is of great significance at this point of time. The nuclear security summit is to be attended by 47 countries. The participant countries of this summit is larger in number than those of the ASEM, APEC and the G20 summit that our country has ever hosted. That is a large-scale international conference that invites the UN, the IAEA and the EU, which are three major nuclear-related international organizations. A successful hosting of the nuclear security summit will serve as an opportunity to boost our country's national prestige, and is likely be beneficial to the settlement of the North Korean nuclear issue. Like other international submits in foreign countries, however, violent anti-globalization demonstrations are expected to occur when the nuclear security summit is held in April next year. The purpose of this study was to make a case analysis of demonstrations during multilateral international conferences hosted by foreign countries over ten years between 1999 and 2009, to examine the controversial points over the demonstrations, and ultimately to seek ways of ensuring safety against possible assemblies and demonstrations during the forthcoming nuclear security summit, which is scheduled to be held in April next year. The findings of the study on feasible security measures are as follows: First, information and intelligence gathering should be reinforced, and the inspection should be stepped up. Second, pacification among domestic NGOs and the supplementation of the existing legal devices are required. Third, publicity should be strengthened. Fourth, riot police officers should be selected as early as possible to bolster their education and training, and more reinforced emergency measures should be taken. It's needed to seek assistance from the military as one of emergency measures, and national defense readiness should be bolstered across the nation in collaboration with the Ministry of National Defense when the summit is near at hand. Finally, CBR countermeasures should be taken in preparation for CBR terrorism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.34-44
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• 2021

In order to collect basic information of response behavior of red seabream (Pagrus major) during pilling, works for constructing wind power station in Byeonsan Peninsular, Korea were investigated. Four cultured red seabream CRB1 to CRB4 [total length (TL): 27.1 ± 1.0 cm; body weight: 359 ± 30 g] were tagged with an acoustic tag and used in experiment. CRB1 and CRB2 to CBR4 were released on the sea surface at same time around the constructing site of the wind power plant on September 22, 2017 and July 18, 2018, respectively. The tracking of the CRB1 to CRB2 and CRB3 to CRB4 were conducted for two hours, approximately, using VR100 receiver including a directional hydrophone and VR2W receivers array consisted of 19 presence/absence receivers (VR2W receivers), respectively. The underwater noise level before (no pile driving works) and during pile driving works was measured 116.0-118.0 dB (re 1��Pa) and a maximum of 160 dB (re 1��Pa), respectively. CRB1 moved about 6.0 km with average swimming speed of 80.2 ± 20.5 cm/s for 2.1 hours without pile driving work. The average water depth of the sea bed on the route of CRB1 was 9.1 ± 0.4 m. CRB2 moved about 7.3 km with the average swimming speed of 96.8 ± 27.1 cm/s for 2.1 hours with pile driving work. The water depth of the sea bed on the route of CRB2 was 11.9 ± 0.6 m. At results of the Rayleigh's z-test two fishes CRB1 and CRB2 showed significant directionality in the movement (p < 0.01). Movement mean angles of CRB1 and CRB2 were 92.7 and 251.8°, respectively. CRB2, CRB3 and CRB4 exhibited the escaping behavioral response from the noise of source during the pile driving work. The swimming speed of the CRB2 exposed on the heavy underwater noise stimuli due to the pile driving work was 1.21 times faster than that of the CRB1 exposed on the ambient underwater noise in the study site.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2669-2673
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• 2012

Purpose: Pancreatic carcinoma is one of the most malignant tumors of the alimentary system, with relatively high incidence rates. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of two regimens for advanced pancreatic carcinoma: continuous transarterial infusion versus systemic venous chemotherapy with gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil. Methods: Of the 48 patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma receiving chemotherapy with gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil, 24 received the selective transarterial infusion, and 24 the systemic chemotherapy. For the continuous transarterial infusion group (experimental group), all patients received gemcitabine 1000 mg/$m^2$, given by 30-minute transarterial infusion, on day 1 of a 4-week cycle for 2 cycles, and a dose of 600 mg/$m^2$ 5-fluorouracil was infused on days 1~5 of a 4-week cycle for 2 cycles. For the systemic venous group (control group), gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil were infused through a peripheral vein, a dose of 1000 mg/$m^2$ gemcitabine being administrated over 30 min on days 1 and 8 of a 4-week cycle for 2 cycles, and a dose of 600 mg/$m^2$ 5-fluorouracil was infused on days 1~5 of a 4-week cycle for 2 cycles. The effectiveness and safety were evaluated after 2 cyclesaccording to WHO criteria. Results:The objective effective rate in transarterial group was 33.3% versus 25% in the systemic group, the difference not being significant (P=0.626). Clinical benefit rates(CBR) in the transarterial and systemic groups were 83.3% and 58.3%, respectively (P=0.014). The means and medians for survival time in transarterial group were higher than those of the systemic group (P < 0.005). at the same time, the adverse effects did not significantly differ between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Continuous transarterial infusion chemotherapy with gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil could improve clinical benefit rate and survival time of patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma, compared with systemic venous chemotherapy. Since adverse effects were limited in the transarterial group, the regimen of continuous transarterial infusion chemotherapy can be used more extensively in clinical practice. A CT and MRI conventional sequence can be used for efficacy evaluation after chemotherapy in pancreatic carcinoma.