• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.499-504
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• 2001

A validation of a 3D CFD model for predicting local subcooling of moderator in the vicinity of calandria tubes in a CANDU reactor is performed. The small scale moderator experiments performed at Sheridan Park Experimental Laboratory(SPEL) in Ontario, Canada[1] is used for the validation. Also a comparison is made between previous CFD analyses based on 2DMOTH and PHOENICS, and the current model analysis for the same SPEL experiment. For the current model, a set of grid structures for the same geometry as the experimental test section is generated and the momentum, heat and continuity equations are solved by CFX-4.3, a CFD code developed by AEA technology. The matrix of calandria tubes is simplified by the porous media approach. The standard $k-\varepsilon$ turbulence model associated with logarithmic wall treatment and SIMPLEC algorithm on the body fitted grid are used and buoyancy effects are accounted for by the Boussinesq approximation. For the test conditions simulated in this study, the flow pattern identified is a buoyancy-dominated flow, which is generated by the interaction between the dominant buoyancy force by heating and inertial momentum forces by the inlet jets. As a result, the current CFD moderator analysis model predicts the moderator temperature reasonably, and the maximum error against the experimental data is kept at less than $2.0^{\circ}C$ over the whole domain. The simulated velocity field matches with the visualization of SPEL experiments quite well.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.289-296
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• 1979

For years, physicians and anatomists have been interested in the heart that has one functioning ventricle. Various terms have been suggested for this entity including single ventricle, common ventricle, double-inlet left ventricle, cor biatriatum triloculare, and primitive ventricle. In this report, the term "single ventricle" is utilized as suggested by Van Praagh, and is defined as that congenital cardiac anomaly in which a common or separate atrioventricular valves open into a ventricular chamber from which both great arterial trunks emerge. An outlet chamber, or infundibulum, may or may not be present and give rise to the origin of either of the great arteries. This definition excludes the entity of mitral and tricuspid atresia. An 11 year old cyanotic boy was admitted chief complaints of exertional dyspnea and frequent upper respiratory infection since 2 weeks after birth. He was diagnosed as inoperable cyanotic congenital heart disease, and remained without any corrective treatment up to his age of 11 year when he suffered from aggravation of symptoms and signs of congestive heart failure for 2 months before this admission. On 22nd of May 1979, he was admitted for total corrective operation under the impression of tricuspid atresia suggested by a pediatrician. Physical check revealed deep cyanosis with finger and toe clubbing, and grade V systolic ejection murmur with single second heart sound was audible at the left 3rd intercostal space. Development was moderate in height [135 cm] and weight[28Kg]. Routine lab findings were normal except increased hemoglobin [21.1gm%], hematocrit [64 %], and left axis deviation with left ventricular hypertrophy on EKG. Cardiac catheterization and angiography revealed 1-transposition of aorta, pulmonic valvular stenosis, double inlet of a single ventricle with d-loop, and normal atriovisceral relationship [Type III C solitus according to the classification of Van Praagh]. At operation, longitudinal incision at the outflow tract of right ventricle in between the right coronary artery and its branch [LAD from RCA] revealed high far anterior aortic valve which had fibrous continuity with mitral annulus, and pulmonic valve was stenotic up to 4 mm in diameter positioned posterolaterally to the aorta. Ventricular septum was totally defective, and one markedly hypertrophied moderator band originated from crista supraventricularis was connected down to the imaginary septum of the ventricular cavity as a pseudoseptum of the ventricle. Size of the defect was 3X3 cm2 in total. Patch closure of the defect with a Teflon felt of 3.5 x 4 cm2 was done with interrupted multiple sutures after cut off of the moderator band, which was resutured to the artificial septum after reconstruction of the ventricular septum. Pulmonic valvotomy was done from 4 mm to 11 mm in diameter thru another pulmonary arteriotomy incision, and right ventriculotomy wound was closed reconstructing the right ventricular outflow tract with pericardial autograft of 3 x 4 cm2. Atrial septal defect of 2 cm in diameter was closed with 3-0 Erdeck suture, and atrial wall was sutured also when rectal temperature reached from 24`C to 35.5`C. Complete A-V block was managed with temporary external pacemaker with a pacing rate of 110/min. thru myocardial wire, and arterial blood pressure of 80/50 mmHg was maintained with Isuprel or Dopamine dripping under the CVP of 25-cm saline. Consciousness was recovered one hour after the operation when his blood pressure reached 100 /70 mmHg, but vital signs were not stable, and bleeding from the pericardial drainage and complete anuria were persisted until his heart could not capture the pacemaker impulse, and patient died of low output syndrome 320 min after the operation.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.233-245
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• 2015

The Baekdudaegan Mountain Range is home to a wide range of organisms inhabiting the Korean Peninsula. This study monitored butterfly communities of Guryongryeong (Myeonggye-ri) and Gojingkyeong (Seobyeok-ri) from April to September in 2013 to 2014, and the results were compared with previous data to determine changes in their distribution. We found 1,098 butterflies of 65 different species in Myeonggye-ri, and 1,161 butterflies of 63 different species in Seobyeok-ri. Comparing the two regions, 13 species appeared only in Seobyeok-ri and 15 species appeared only in Myeonggae-ri. When species were ranked according to number of individuals, the top species three species were as follows: Artogeia melete (127, 11.6%), A. napi (100, 9.1%), and Papilio maackii (90, 8.2%) in Myeonggye-ri; and Libythea celtis (146, 12.6%), A. napi (134, 11.5%), and Polygonia c-aureum (69, 5.9%) in Seobyeok-ri. The number of species with fewer than three individuals each was 24 in Myeonggye-ri and 23 in Seobyeok-ri, accounting for a high percentage among the total number of species. The similarities between the two regions were relatively high, and many of the butterflies are on the Red List of Korea. Compared with previous distribution data, there were no significant changes. This consistency indicates that the butterflies of the Baekdudaegan Mountain Range have been conserved well, and therefore the continuity in the Baekdudaegan Mountain Range is necessary to keep in the big picture.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.22 no.3 s.27
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• pp.328-336
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• 1989

27 shipyard welders were diagnosed as pneumoconiosis and suspected pneumoconiosis(1976-1988) by chest radiographs and were observed over three years. 27 welders were divided into three groups by the state of exposure to welding fume i.e. cessation, decresase or continuity of exposure. And we observed the changing pattern of the chest radiographs of 27 welders with the passage of time. The results were as follows; 1. Grour I (ceased exposure to welding fume) were 10 cases(3 cases: suspected pneumoconiosis,7 cases: pneumoconiosis). Chest radiographs of all cases were improved. The shape and size of small opacities was improved in 6 cases(85.7%) and did not changed in 1 case(14.3%) out of 7 pneumoconiosis welders. 2. Group II (decreased exposure to welding fume) were S cases(2 cases: suspected pneumoconiosis, 3 cases: pneumoconiosis). Chest radiographs were progressed in 2 cases(40%), did not changed in 1 case(20%), were improved in 2 cases(40%) out of 5 cases. The shape and size of small opacities was progressed in 1 case(33.3%) and was improved in 2 cases(66.7%) out of 3 pneumoconiosis welders. 3. Group III(continued expoxsure to welding fume) were 12 cases(1 case: suspected pneumoconiosis, 11 cases: pneumoconiosis). Chest radiographs were progressed in 9 cases(75%), did not changed in 3 cases(25%) out of 12 cases. The shape and size of small opacities was progressed in 1 case(9.1%) and did not changed in 10 cases(90.9%) out of 11 pneumoconiosis welders. 4. The average duration for development into suspected pneumoconiosis was 6.6 years and for progression of each one category after that was 2.2 years(p<0.01). The radiological appearance of pneumoconiosis had disappeared or decreased after cessation of exposure to the welding fume. So that, early detection and control e.g., change of department of pneumoconiosis of welders by screening program will be important for medical surveillance of welders.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.106-124
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• 2017

This study used the secondary Delphi method for experts, in order to propse a proper formation plan for the goal and curriculum of elementary and secondary invention/intellection property education. Its results are as following; First, the key objective of invention/intellectual property education for each school level is evaluated as appropriate. With regard to the key objective, elementary schools are aiming at 'fostering awareness and attitude for invention'(M=4.5), middle schools, 'understanding of invention process and method'(M=4.2), general high schools, 'application and evaluation of invention method'(M=4.1), and specialized high schools, 'understanding and application of Employee Invention'(M=4.6). The objective and goal of education for each school level are also evaluated as appropriate. Second, although the proper formation plans for a key learning element of elementary and secondary invention/intellectual property education were almost identical to an actual formation of preceding literature, overall change is required for the formation balance of each learning element, according to the objective and goal of school-leveled invention/intellectual property education. An appropriate formation shall be focusing on basic learning elements (A, B, C, D, E, and F) for elementary and middle schools(73.2%, 65.1%), lowering somewhat the former elements and increasing expanded learning elements for high schools(51.0%), which are connected to the invention, course(H), and patent application(K). Third, elementary and secondary invention/intellectual property education system should be oriented to its objective and goal. In order to reach this, an appropriate formation plan should be made for each school level, based on the principle of Tyler's learning organization, such as continuity, sequence and integration, which are key learning element. Specialized high schools, in particular, need to be differentiated from general ones, as well as elementary and middle schools. Additionally, for understanding and applying an employee invention, invention/intellectual property education system needs to be established in the phase of secondary occupational education.