• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.335-345
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• 1996

The solids(supplementary food) consumption of 200 healthy infants aged from 4 to 6 months have been measured. Five groups were assigned to different feeding patterns. Breastfed group(BF, n=38), formula-fed group(FF, n=102) and mixed-fed group(MF, n=14) were fed breast milk, formula and mixed(breast mile+formula) from birth until 6 months of age respectively. Convert 1 group(C1F, n=14) and convert 2 group(C2F, n=32) were fed breast milk and mixed milk at 2 months of age respectively and were switched to formula thereafter. All infants received solids form 4 months of age. The energy intake from solids at 4 and 6 months averaged 59.1 and 110.3㎉/d among BF groups vs 151.9 and 239.3㎉/d among FF groups respectively. Intakes of protein, calcium and iron were 38-46$\%$, 34-44% and 25-37$\%$ higher in the FF than in the Bf group during the first 6 months. However, no significant differences were found in the intakes of energy and nutrient intakes from solids in all 4 groups excluding BF group(39$\%$). Although BF infant's nutrient intakes from solids were lower than other group's intakes, they intaked evenly solids from various food groups. As the age of infant had increased, the energy intake ratio from solids was cereals and dairy products was increased whereas energy intake ratio from meats, eggs, fruits and vegetables was decreased. TSC4, TSC6(the frequency score for the kinds of weaning food taken) showed no significant difference among 5 feeding groups but CIF-and C2F group's scores tended to be high. Consequently, these results suggest that BF group's solid intake pattern is more desirable and that Korean lactating Mother's dependence on commercial weaning food is too high.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.172-178
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• 2014

Soil properties and heavy metal (HM) concentrations in the field soils where balloon flowers (Platycodon grandiflorum, BF) were cultivated, were investigated together with HM (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) accumulation by the BF roots. Basically, in most soils examined (51-97% among 65 samples), the chemical properties including soil pH, organic matter, available-P, and exchangeable cation contents appeared to be lower than the optimal ranges for balloon flower cultivation. There were no samples exceeding the standard limits for HM in soils. Instead, the total HM concentration levels in soils appeared to be maintained at around background levels for general soil in Korea. This implied that elevated HM accumulation in the soils caused by any possible input sources was unlikely. Even though the BF cultivated soils were not contaminated by HM, it was appeared that substantial amount of Cd was accumulated in BF roots with 1.5% and 35% roots samples exceeding the standard limits legislated for BF root ($0.81mg\;kg^{-1}DW$) and herbal plants ($0.3mg\;kg^{-1}DW$), respectively. This implied that the soil HM standard limits based on the total concentration does not reflect well the metal accumulation by plants and also it is likely that the Cd standard limits for BF and herbal plants is too restrict.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.117-121
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• 2004

Injection molding is the one of the most important processes for mass production of plastic parts. Usually injection molds for mass production are constituted to multi-cavity runner system to manufacture the more parts at a time. Multi-cavity molds are designed to geometrically balanced runner system to uniformly fill to each cavity. But, when injection molding is performed using a mold with balanced runner system filling imbalances are occurred between the cavity to cavity. The previous studies by Beaumont at. all reported that filling imbalance occurred by thermal unbalance on the mold and viscosity variation of resins and so on. In this study, we conducted experiments in order to know the causes of filling imbalance for 3 plate type mold with 8 cavities. And we exhibited a new so called 4BF mold (4 plate type Balanced Filling Mold) to be possible filling balance. We conducted a experimental injection molding to verify the efficiency of the 4BF mold. In the results of the experiment, we could confirmed the balanced filling possibility of the 4BF mold.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.260-264
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• 2018

Poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO)/Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs)(precursor : $AgBF_4$)/p-benzoquinone (p-BQ) composite membrane was prepared for olefin/paraffin separation. As a result, the performance of composite membrane was observed to be maintained at selectivity of 10 and permeance of 15 GPU up to 100 hours. The performance of the membrane was maintained for 100 hours was attributable to that Ag ions could be converted into stable Ag NPs by addition of p-BQ. Furthermore, the surface was partially polarized by the electron acceptor p-BQ, resulting in the formation of olefin carrier. In this study, since the cost of $AgBF_4$ used as a precursor of Ag NPs was relatively higher, $AgNO_3$ was utilized. As a result, it was confirmed that $AgNO_3$ couldn't show the stable formation of nanoparticle, resulting in the poor separation performance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.201-208
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• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate the ensiling characteristics and the in situ degradability of a by-product feed (BF)-based silage. Before ensilation, the BF-based mixture was composed of 50% spent mushroom substrate, 21% recycled poultry bedding, 15% ryegrass straw, 10.8% rice bran, 2% molasses, 0.6% bentonite, and 0.6% microbial inoculant on a wet basis and ensiled for up to 4 weeks. The BF-based silage contained on average 39.3% moisture, 13.4% crude protein (CP), and 52.2% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 49% total digestible nutrient, and 37.8% physically effective $NDF_{1.18}$ on a dry matter (DM) basis. Ensiling the BF-based silage for up to 4 weeks affected (p<0.01) the chemical composition to a small extent, increased (p<0.05) the lactic acid and $NH_3$-N content, and decreased (p<0.05) both the total bacterial and lactic acid bacterial counts from $10^9$ to $10^8$ cfu/g when compared to that before ensiling. These parameters indicated that the silage was fermented and stored well during the 4-week ensiling period. Compared with rice or ryegrass straws, the BF-based silage had a higher (p<0.05) water-soluble and filterable fraction, a lower insoluble degradable DM and CP fraction (p<0.05), a lower digestible NDF (p<0.05) fraction, a higher (p<0.05) DM and CP disappearance and degradability rate, and a lower (p<0.05) NDF disappearance and degradability rate. These results indicated that cheap, good-quality BF-based roughage could be produced by ensiling SMS, RPB, rice bran, and a minimal amount of straw.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.477-483
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• 2011

This work is on the synthesis of EMI-$BF_4$ (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) and purification of spectroscopic grade using aluminium oxide method, activated charcoal method, and liquid/liquid fractional extraction method in order to make supercapacitor finally. But the aluminum oxide method and the activated charcoal method were not suitable for obtaining high-purity ionic liquids. The liquid/liquid fractional distillation method turned out that as the concentration of solvent ($H_2O$) was increased, the higher purity of EMI-$BF_4$ was obtained and the electrical capacity of this compound was increased to higher value. When the solvent was changed to from methylene chloride to 1,2-dichloroethane, the higher purity of EMI-$BF_4$ was obtained.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.330-336
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• 2007

In this study, new dinuclear chiral Co (salen) complexes bearing $BF_3$ have been synthesized and their properties as the asymmetric catalyst have been examined. The NMR, UV and ESCA analyses were performed to determine the structure of synthesized catalysts. Their catalytic activity and selectivity have been demonstrated for the asymmetric ring opening of various terminal epoxides by hydrolytic kinetic resolution technology. The easily prepared dimeric complexes exhibited very high enantioselectivity for the asymmetric ring opening of epoxides with $H_2O$ nucleophile, providing enantiomerically enriched terminal epoxides (> 99 %ee). The dimeric structured chiral salen showed remakablely enhanced reactivity and may be employed substantially lower loadings than its monomeric analogues, and in addition no racemization happened during the separation of product epoxides. The system described in this work is very efficient for the sinthesis of chiral epoxide and 1,2-diol intermediates.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.752-755
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• 2003

Injection molding is the one of the most important processes for mass production of plastic parts. Usually Injection molds for mass production are constituted to multi-cavity runner system to manufacture the more parts at a time. To uniformly fill to each cavity, multi-cavity molds are designed to geometrically balanced runner system. However. in practice this is not the case. The previous studies by Beaumount at.[2] reported that filling imbalance occurred by thermal unbalance on the mold and viscosity variation of resins and so on. In this study, we conducted experiments in order to know the causes or filling imbalance for 3 plate type mold with 8 cavities. We presented a new so called 4BF mold(4plate Type Balanced Filling Mold) to improve filling balance. We conducted a experimental injection molding to verify a efficiency of the 4BF mold. In the results of the experiment, We could confirmed the possibility of the 4BF mold.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.294-301
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• 1988

A study on the lattice damages and impurity depth profiles have been performed with BF2 ion implanted silicon materials. Electrical measurement, SIMS and TEM analysis techniques were used in order to identify the reverse annealing phenomena, impurity depth profiles and lattice damages. A typical reverse annealing phenomena were shown at the dose of 1x10**15/cm\ulcorner and non-reverse annealing at the dose of 5x10**15/cm\ulcorner This was explained with the formation of the amorphous region at BF2+ ion implantation with high dose. That is, the amorphous reigons were recrystallized centrated at certain regions were measured by SIMS technique. The dislocation loops-like crystalline defects were observed with TEM cross sections, which were formed at the lattice damaged region during annealing process.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.218-224
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• 2002

This study was undertaken to analyze chemical composition, macro- and micro-mineral contents of ostrich bone with flesh meat (BF), ostrich bone with flesh meat with herb medicine (BFll) and ostrich bone with internal organs (BI). Crude fat of the BFH was lower, but crude protein and crude ash of the BFH were significantly higher than those of the BF and the BI. Among the minerals, Ca, p, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn content of the BFH were significantly higher than the content in the BF and the BI. The minerals, Pb, Cd and As were not detected in ostrich and herb medicine extracts. From the sensory test of ostrich and herb medicine, the preferences were in the fellowing order; ostrich bone with flesh meat with herb medicine (BFH), ostrich bone with flesh meat (BF), and ostrich bone with internal organs (BI) in extracts.