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Influence of Leaf Number on Berry Quality of 'Campbell Early' Grape (포도 '캠벨얼리' 품종의 엽수 조절에 따른 과실 품질변화)

  • Park, Seo-Jun;Kim, Jin-Gook;Jung, Sung-Min;Noh, Jung-Ho;Hur, Youn-Young;Park, Kyo-Sun
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.211-215
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    • 2011
  • This study aimed to determine optimum leaves per shoot in 'Campbell Early' grape through investigating changes of fruit quality after veraison 70~75 berries of first cluster and 35~40 berries of second cluster at 30 days after full bloom. Soluble solids content (SSC) increased dramatically during 28 days after veraison and afterwards it was stabilized. 15 leaves per shoot treatment showed fast increase of SSC from early veraison and reached to over 16.0oBx at 28 days after veraison. No considerable increase of SSC were occurred on either 5 or 0 leaves per shoot treatments after veraison. Titratable acidity (TA) was decreased continuously during 28 days of berry ripening in the all treatments. In 15 leaves per shoot treatment, TA decreased fast during first 7 days after veraison and continuously decreased to 0.5% by harvest time. While, 5 and 0 leaves per shoot treatments showed TA decrease slightly only at the early veraison. Hunter L and b values of 15 leaves per shoot treatment decreased fast during first 7 days of veraison, and gradually decreased by 14 days, whereas Hunter a value increased fast during the first 7 days from veraison. Total anthocyanin content in 15 leaves per shoot treatment increased fast from 7 days of veraison and the increase became slow after 28 days of veraison. Other treatments showed no significant difference from veraison to harvest time.

A study on the noodle quality made from pea starch-wheat composite flour (완두 전분을 첨가한 국수의 품질특성)

  • 김은주;윤재영;김희섭
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.18 no.6
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    • pp.692-697
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    • 2002
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of the doughs and noodles cooked with the pea starch-wheat composite flour which was substituted with 20% and 30% of pea starch for the flour by the mechanical and sensory evaluation. Wheat dough had the most cohesive property among various composite non.(p<0.05) There was no significant differences in weight gain after cooking among various noodles. The more the pea starch was subsituted, the lighter the color was shown by increasing L value. It was also noted that the b value was decreased significantly. While pea starch noodle were more transparent in appearance and less smooth in the texture, corn starch-wheat composite flour noodle was sorter in the texture significantly. There was no significant difference on the hardness between wheat and pea stach composite flour noodles. There were also no significant differences in stickiness, chewiness and overall acceptability among various noodles. Considering mechanical and sensory results, the composite flour with 20% substitution of pea starch for flour was more suitable for the production of the noodle than those of 30% substitution of pea starch.

High-resolution Spiral-scan Imaging at 3 Tesla MRI (3.0 Tesla 자기공명영상시스템에서 고 해상도 나선주사영상)

  • Kim, P.K.;Lim, J.W.;Kang, S.W.;Cho, S.H.;Jeon, S.Y.;Lim, H.J.;Park, H.C.;Oh, S.J.;Lee, H.K.;Ahn, C.B.
    • Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.108-116
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    • 2006
  • Purpose : High-resolution spiral-scan imaging is performed at 3 Tesla MRI system. Since the gradient waveforms for the spiral-scan imaging have lower slopes than those for the Echo Planar Imaging (EPI), they can be implemented with the gradient systems having lower slew rates. The spiral-scan imaging also involves less eddy currents due to the smooth gradient waveforms. The spiral-scan imaging method does not suffer from high specific absorption rate (SAR), which is one of the main obstacles in high field imaging for rf echo-based fast imaging methods such as fast spin echo techniques. Thus, the spiral-scan imaging has a great potential for the high-speed imaging in high magnetic fields. In this paper, we presented various high-resolution images obtained by the spiral-scan methods at 3T MRI system for various applications. Materials and Methods : High-resolution spiral-scan imaging technique is implemented at 3T whole body MRI system. An efficient and fast higher-order shimming technique is developed to reduce the inhomogeneity, and the single-shot and interleaved spiral-scan imaging methods are developed. Spin-echo and gradient-echo based spiral-scan imaging methods are implemented, and image contrast and signal-tonoise ratio are controlled by the echo time, repetition time, and the rf flip angles. Results : Spiral-scan images having various resolutions are obtained at 3T MRI system. Since the absolute magnitude of the inhomogeneity is increasing in higher magnetic fields, higher order shimming to reduce the inhomogeneity becomes more important. A fast shimming technique in which axial, sagittal, and coronal sectional inhomogeneity maps are obtained in one scan is developed, and the shimming method based on the analysis of spherical harmonics of the inhomogeneity map is applied. For phantom and invivo head imaging, image matrix size of about $100{\times}100$ is obtained by a single-shot spiral-scan imaging, and a matrix size of $256{\times}256$ is obtained by the interleaved spiral-scan imaging with the number of interleaves of from 6 to 12. Conclusion : High field imaging becomes increasingly important due to the improved signal-to-noise ratio, larger spectral separation, and the higher BOLD-based contrast. The increasing SAR is, however, a limiting factor in high field imaging. Since the spiral-scan imaging has a very low SAR, and lower hardware requirements for the implementation of the technique compared to EPI, it is suitable for a rapid imaging in high fields. In this paper, the spiral-scan imaging with various resolutions from $100{\times}100$ to $256{\times}256$ by controlling the number of interleaves are developed for the high-speed imaging in high magnetic fields.

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Estimation of Environmental Effect and Genetic Parameter on Reproduction Traits for On-farm Test Records (농장검정돈의 번식형질에 미치는 환경효과 및 유전모수의 추정)

  • Jung, D.J.;Kim, B.W.;Roh, S.H.;Kim, H.S.;Moon, W.K.;Kim, H.Y.;Jang, H.G.;Choi, L.S.;Jeon, J.T.;Lee, J.G.
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.50 no.1
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    • pp.33-44
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters and trend of Landrace and Yorkshire pigs, which were raised on private farms from 1999 to 2005 and tested for their reproductive performance by the Korea Animal Improvement Association. Prior to analysis, records without pedigree or having value with larger than±3×standard deviation for the Total number of born were excluded. The effects of breed and environmental factors were estimated with least square method(Harvey, 1979), and estimation of breeding values and genetic parameters were performed on the data of 1’st litter only with GIBBSF90(Misztal, 2001) which was programmed according to Gibbs Sampling method based on Bayesian Inference by Gianola and Fernando(1986), Jensen(1994) and others. Gibbs sampling was performed 50,000 times for each parameter, and the first 5000 samples were regarded as those in burn-in period and thus, excluded for post hoc analysis. Total number of born and total number of accident were statistically significant(p<0.01) for the breed, farrowing year, farrowing season and parity effects, and the number born alive at birth was statistically significantp<(0.01) for the breed, farrowing year, farrowing season and parity effects. No particular trend was observed in the genetic and phenotypic improvement of the total number of born and number born alive at birth before 2001, when the piglet registration system started, but the tendencies of increasing for the total number of born and number born alive and decreasing for the total number of accident were observed since 2001. Somewhat higher heritability estimates of our study seems to be attributed to the situations that first parity records with poor farrowing performances were used in the analyses and it was impossible to obtain accurate reproductive performance due to the absence of criteria for record keeping at the level of individual farms.

A Morphologic Study of Head and Face of Man in the Age 30 to 40 according to Sasang Constitution (30-40대(代) 남성(男性)의 사상체질별(四象體質別) 안면특징(顔面特徵)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Jung, Kwang-Hee;Koh, Byung-Hee;Song, Il-Byung
    • Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.29-46
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    • 2000
  • The clinical application of constitutional Diagnosis is the most important part of Sasang constitutional medicine. It has been studied in various way. The study of morphologic characteristics on the head and face has been identified but didn't considered the Variations of age and sex. For the statistic analysis of the correlation between the sasang constitution and the shape of the face, the head-facial part of 182 cases(the group of throughout the age) and 69 cases(the group of age 30 to 40) were measured by Martin's measurement and analysis of a) the measurement value of height and the component ratio from the Gnathion to each part of face by constitution. b) the measurement value of depth and the component ratio from T-projected to each part of the face by constitution. c) the measurement value of breadth and component ratio between each parts of the facial breadth by constitution. d) the characteristics on each part of face by constitution. e) the result of discriminant analysis about the constitution Authors obtained the results from the study as follows: 1. Taeum-In group is characterized by the value of variables had a tendency to maximum value in throughout the age, the charateristics that the total group show is the shape of face is wide shape in horizontally and flat, the nasal breadth is wider than other constitutions, the lips is narrower than Soyang-In in horizontally and thick shape in vertically, and the biogonial breadth is more developed than other constitutions, so lower face is developed. The charateristics that only the age of 30 40 group show is that the lips is thicker than Soeum-IN. The projection of inter-eyebrows is more projected than Soyang-IN. 2. Soeum-IN group is characterized by the value of variables had a tendency to minimum value in throughout the age. The characteristics that the total group show is the lips is thiner than other constitutions, the breadth of eyes is wider than other constitutions, the difference between sellion and nasal breadth is to be little. The charateristics that only the age of 30 40 group show is that the ratio of upper face in physiognomic face is lager than Soyang-IN. 3. The total age group of Soyang-In is characterized by the shape of face is long in vertically and narrow in horizontally, the total eyebrow breadth and lips and philtrun is wider than other constitutions. The charateristics that only the age of 30 40 group is characterized by the projection of sellion is more projected than Taeum-IN. 4. The values which showed significance in both age group V76, V52, V54, V55, V57, V59, V64, V65, V67, V88, V89, V148, V150, V151, V155, V160, V161, V28, V50, V99, V102, V167, V169, V173, V175, V177, V181 are 27 in all. 5. The values which was significant in the age 30 to 40 group V77, V78, V79, V109, V140, V142, V143, V166, V174 are 9 in all.

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A Study on the Motive and Evaluation of the Job for a Special Private Security Tasks (특수경비원의 직업선택동기와 직업평가에 관한 연구)

  • An, Hwang-Gwon
    • Korean Security Journal
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    • no.12
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    • pp.225-243
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    • 2006
  • This study is focused on the relation in the motive and the evaluation for the job in a special private security field. The supplement of the outstanding human resources is one of most important matter to improve the private security industry. For it the applicant's motive and evaluation of whose quality should be screened to recruit proper and oustanding human resources into the industry. For the study the follow elements would be considered. First, What is the real motive to apply the job and how prospect on the job the applicant will be taken. Second, what is different point of view to the job between male and female. Third, what relationship is in achieving the job performance between the temporary motive and the planed motive. Forth, what effects are on the job satisfaction and the planed motive for the job. With the above elements the survey was taken based on each sex for the study and the results are out as below. a) Male is in higher than female in taking with unplaned job motive and for job satisfaction is much higher in 1-20 age range. b) In general, the expectation on the job is much higher than the current job status, the male are in the expextation on the job and the female are in the the current job status. c) The job satisfaction is on positive effect to the planed taken job but the unplaned taken job is on negative. From the Research the most concerning element on the recruiting new employee is applicant's positive attitude on the job he/she will be taken.

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Parent Materials and Pedogenic Properties of the "Yongil" Series Distributed in Eastern Coastal Area of Korea (한국 동남해안지대에 분포된 영일통의 모재와 생성학적 특성)

  • Yun, Eul-Soo;Jung, Yeun-Tae;Son, Il-Soo;Jung, Ki-Yuol;Lee, Dong-Chang
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.137-144
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    • 2002
  • To obtain the basic information about pedo-genetic properties and origin of the parent materials of "Yongil" series in Korea, this study was conducted. The soil characteristics such as chemical and sand particles of typifying pedon, and distributional patterns in the area were analysed. The typifying pedon of "Yongil" series was distributed on the top of rolling area in the eastern coastal area of Korea, Yonggan-ri, Heunghae-eup, Pohang-si, Gyongbuk province. The results are as follows; The "Yongil" series in Korea was distributed on the rolling hill under altituede of 50m, and was used for cultivated upland, and the total acreage about 376ha. The content of sand was more than 50%, however the clay content in the depth of 40~100cm of the soil profile rapidly increased. The medium sand (0.5~0.1mm in size) are dominant among sand fraction, but coarse one are rare. So the rate of medium to total sand was higher in IIB horizon as 0.62~0.76 than A and C horizons. The content of heavy minerals in medium sand was low as 1.0~6.6% and the ratio of quartz to feldspars was higher in Ap2 and B1 horizon as 1.7 than IIB horizon which had less than 1.39. The cumulative curves of sand particles in Yeongil series showed the well sorted and differ from residuum soils derived from sand stone, but similar to dune soils(Haeri series). So it could be deducted from this study that "Yeongil" series are aeolian deposits derived from aeolian materials and have bisequum profile; the upper part depth of 40cm was recent cover sand, the horizon of 40~100cm depth was developed in Pleistocene epoch from the same materials.

A Hardware Implementation of Image Scaler Based on Area Coverage Ratio (면적 점유비를 이용한 영상 스케일러의 설계)

  • 성시문;이진언;김춘호;김이섭
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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    • v.40 no.3
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    • pp.43-53
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    • 2003
  • Unlike in analog display devices, the physical screen resolution in digital devices are fixed from the manufacturing. It is a weak point on digital devices. The screen resolution displayed in digital display devices is varied. Thus, interpolation or decimation of the resolution on the display is needed to make the input pixels equal to the screen resolution., This process is called image scaling. Many researches have been developed to reduce the hardware cost and distortion of the image of image scaling algorithm. In this paper, we proposed a Winscale algorithm. which modifies the scale up/down in continuous domain to the scale up/down in discrete domain. Thus, the algorithm is suitable to digital display devices. Hardware implementation of the image scaler is performed using Verilog XL and chip is fabricated in a 0.5${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ Samsung SOG technology. The hardware costs as well as the scalabilities are compared with the conventional image scaling algorithms that are used in other software. This Winscale algorithm is proved more scalable than other image-scaling algorithm, which has similar H/W cost. This image-scaling algorithm can be used in various digital display devices that need image scaling process.

Context Prediction Using Right and Wrong Patterns to Improve Sequential Matching Performance for More Accurate Dynamic Context-Aware Recommendation (보다 정확한 동적 상황인식 추천을 위해 정확 및 오류 패턴을 활용하여 순차적 매칭 성능이 개선된 상황 예측 방법)

  • Kwon, Oh-Byung
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.51-67
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    • 2009
  • Developing an agile recommender system for nomadic users has been regarded as a promising application in mobile and ubiquitous settings. To increase the quality of personalized recommendation in terms of accuracy and elapsed time, estimating future context of the user in a correct way is highly crucial. Traditionally, time series analysis and Makovian process have been adopted for such forecasting. However, these methods are not adequate in predicting context data, only because most of context data are represented as nominal scale. To resolve these limitations, the alignment-prediction algorithm has been suggested for context prediction, especially for future context from the low-level context. Recently, an ontological approach has been proposed for guided context prediction without context history. However, due to variety of context information, acquiring sufficient context prediction knowledge a priori is not easy in most of service domains. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to propose a novel context prediction methodology, which does not require a priori knowledge, and to increase accuracy and decrease elapsed time for service response. To do so, we have newly developed pattern-based context prediction approach. First of ail, a set of individual rules is derived from each context attribute using context history. Then a pattern consisted of results from reasoning individual rules, is developed for pattern learning. If at least one context property matches, say R, then regard the pattern as right. If the pattern is new, add right pattern, set the value of mismatched properties = 0, freq = 1 and w(R, 1). Otherwise, increase the frequency of the matched right pattern by 1 and then set w(R,freq). After finishing training, if the frequency is greater than a threshold value, then save the right pattern in knowledge base. On the other hand, if at least one context property matches, say W, then regard the pattern as wrong. If the pattern is new, modify the result into wrong answer, add right pattern, and set frequency to 1 and w(W, 1). Or, increase the matched wrong pattern's frequency by 1 and then set w(W, freq). After finishing training, if the frequency value is greater than a threshold level, then save the wrong pattern on the knowledge basis. Then, context prediction is performed with combinatorial rules as follows: first, identify current context. Second, find matched patterns from right patterns. If there is no pattern matched, then find a matching pattern from wrong patterns. If a matching pattern is not found, then choose one context property whose predictability is higher than that of any other properties. To show the feasibility of the methodology proposed in this paper, we collected actual context history from the travelers who had visited the largest amusement park in Korea. As a result, 400 context records were collected in 2009. Then we randomly selected 70% of the records as training data. The rest were selected as testing data. To examine the performance of the methodology, prediction accuracy and elapsed time were chosen as measures. We compared the performance with case-based reasoning and voting methods. Through a simulation test, we conclude that our methodology is clearly better than CBR and voting methods in terms of accuracy and elapsed time. This shows that the methodology is relatively valid and scalable. As a second round of the experiment, we compared a full model to a partial model. A full model indicates that right and wrong patterns are used for reasoning the future context. On the other hand, a partial model means that the reasoning is performed only with right patterns, which is generally adopted in the legacy alignment-prediction method. It turned out that a full model is better than a partial model in terms of the accuracy while partial model is better when considering elapsed time. As a last experiment, we took into our consideration potential privacy problems that might arise among the users. To mediate such concern, we excluded such context properties as date of tour and user profiles such as gender and age. The outcome shows that preserving privacy is endurable. Contributions of this paper are as follows: First, academically, we have improved sequential matching methods to predict accuracy and service time by considering individual rules of each context property and learning from wrong patterns. Second, the proposed method is found to be quite effective for privacy preserving applications, which are frequently required by B2C context-aware services; the privacy preserving system applying the proposed method successfully can also decrease elapsed time. Hence, the method is very practical in establishing privacy preserving context-aware services. Our future research issues taking into account some limitations in this paper can be summarized as follows. First, user acceptance or usability will be tested with actual users in order to prove the value of the prototype system. Second, we will apply the proposed method to more general application domains as this paper focused on tourism in amusement park.

Effects of Supplementary $Safmannan^(R)$(Beta-Glucan & MOS) and $World-Labs^(R)$ (Multiple Probiotics) on the Performance, Nutrient Availability Small Intestinal Microflora and Immune Response in Broiler Chicks (Beta-Glucan과 MOS의 복합제($Safmannan^(R)$)와 복합 생균제($World-Labs^(R)$)가 육계의 생산성과 영양소 이용율 소장내 미생물 균총 및 면역 체계에 미치는 영향)

  • Woo K.C.;Jung B.Y.;Lee M.K.;Paik I.K.
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.151-158
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    • 2006
  • In order to study the effects of supplementary $Safmannan^(R)$(Beta-glucan & MOS complex) and $World-Labs^(R)$ (multiple probiotics) on the performance, nutrient availability, small intestinal microflora and immune response in broiler chicks, one thousand hatched broilers ($Ross^(R)$ were assigned to 4 treatments: control(basal diet), $BMD^(R),\;Safmannan^(R)\;and\;World-Labs^(R)$. There were no significant differences in the performance and in serum IgG, ND titre. However parameters of leukocytes and erythrocytes were significantly different among treatments (p<0.05). Leukocytes and RBC of $World-Labs^(R)\;and\;Safmannan^(R)$ were mostly lower than $BMD^(R)$ and control whereby MCH and MCHC of $World-Labs^(R)\;and\;Safmannan^(R)$ were higher than other treatments. The cfu of intestinal microflora had no significant differences among treatments. The $BMD^(R)$ treatment was higher than others in amino acid and crude fat availability and $World-Labs^(R)$ was higher than others in crude fiber availability. It was concluded that supplements used in the present experiment did not significantly affect the production parameters. However, significant impact on blood parameters, especially on leucocytes, may need further investigation.