• 한국습지학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2002

Difference of the inset diversity and community structures between the bog Hwaeom-neup and its surrounding forest of Mt. Wonhyo-san located at Yangsan were investigated. Overall 15 orders, 87 families, 204 genera and 233 species were identified. Hydrophilic Harpalidae species were observed in small number at the bog, while the insect species representing hardwood forest were also collected at the bog. Species diversity was relatively higher at the forest (H'=4.80) than at the bog (H'=4.10). The dominant species was Diplous depressus (Gebler) both at bog as well as at forest. Ground-walking Coleoptera as Carabus sternbergi stembergi Roeschke, Damaster jankowskii jankowskii (Oberthur) and D. depressus was spread from forest into bog. Longhorn beetles Leptura arcuata Panzer and Chlorophorus diadema (Motschulsky) being characteristic species of shrub forest were also observed spreading into bog. It was consequently suggested that the bog was in part progressed into dry succession and its boundary was not clearly defined with forest at least upon the structure of insect commnunity.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.489-493
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• 2012

Green phosphors $K_2BaW_2O_8:Tb^{3+}$(1.0 mol%) were synthesized by solid state reaction method. Differential thermal analysis was applied to trace the reaction processes. Three endothermic values of 95, 706, and $1055^{\circ}C$ correspond to the loss of absorbed water, the release of carbon dioxide, and the beginning of the melting point, respectively. The phase purity of the powders was examined using powder X-ray diffraction(XRD). Two strong excitation bands in the wavelength region of 200-310 nm were found to be due to the ${WO_4}^{2-}$ exciton transition and the 4f-5d transition of $Tb^{3+}$ in $K_2BaW_2O_8$. The excitation spectrum presents several lines in the range of 310-380 nm; these are assigned to the 4f-4f transitions of the $Tb^{3+}$ ion. The strong emission line at around 550 nm, due to the $^5D_4{\rightarrow}^7F_5$ transition, is observed together with weak lines of the $^5D_4{\rightarrow}^7F_J$(J = 3, 4, and 6) transitions. A broad emission band peaking at 530 nm is observed at 10 K, while it disappears at room temperature. The decay times of $Tb^{3+}$ $^5D_4{\rightarrow}^7F_5$ emission are estimated to be 4.8 and 1.4 ms, respectively, at 10 and 295 K; those of the ${WO_4}^{2-}$ exciton emissions are 22 and 0.92 ${\mu}s$ at 10 and 200 K, respectively.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.146-155
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• 2012

This study aims to analyze durability by comparing displacement on vibration at driving bicycle frame models of 1, 2, 3 and 4. Among maximum equivalent stresses at 4 kinds of models, model 1 has highest value with 410.39 MPa and becomes 30 times than model 4 with lowest value. The natural frequency number at Model 4 increases more than the other models. Among four models, the number of frequency at model 1 becomes lowest at harmonic vibration with real loading condition. In cases of four kinds of models, the maximum stress is shown near the assembly of rear wheel and the maximum displacement is shown near saddle assembly at this harmonic condition. The structural result about this study can be effectively utilized on the design of bicycle frame by investigating durability and prevention against its damage.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.63-76
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• 1994

This paper discusses contents of the existing design, the behaviours prediction on the strut and retaining wall around subsurfaces, and also evaluates the measured results in comparison with the management criterion during excavation period of ventilation shaft at Pusan-Subway 220. Field measurements showed that maximum displacement 23.74 mm at boundary site of multistratification and the weathered rock to be formed at 0.2~0.6 H of total excavating depth(H), 68 ton of maximum axial force and 4.4X102 kg/cm2 of stress on strut. The measured axial force exceeds prediction levels by up to 50 percent at the weathered soil & rock, and the others come under the category of their levels. The great gap of both field measurements and prediction on behaviour makes a difference of the site situation at the design stage and the practical working. This measured value is greatly safety in comparison with that of the safety criterion, but axial force at 4~5 strut of ventilation shaft l is higher than the prediction.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.332-337
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• 2000

Physicochemical properties of aspalatone (acetylsalicylic acid maltol ester, AM), which has been recently found to have an antithrombotic effect, were studied in terms of solubility, dissolution, partition coefficient (Pc) and stability. The solubility of AM at 37$^{\circ}C$ was about 1.2 mg/ml and the P$_{c}$ value for n-octanol/water and chloroform/water was 11.4 and 382.6, respectively. Dissolution rates of AM at pH 1.2 and 6.8 were more than 80% within 30 min. The degradation of AM followed apparent first-order kinetics, and was dependent on temperature, pH and ionic strength. From the pH-rate profile, the optimal pH was found to be at around 4.0. Half-lives at pH 1.2 and 6.8 were 33.5 and 44.4 hr, respectively. The degradation rate of AM at pH 1.2 was somewhat faster than that of aspirin, but at pH 7.0, the degradation rate of AM was slower than that of aspirin.n.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.5-11
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• 1985

Titanium was deposited onto AISI-430 stainless steel by chemical vapor deposition from $TiI_4\;and\;H_2$ gas mixture. Effects of temperature, flow rate of the gas, and $TiI_4$ partial pressure on the deposition rate were thoroughly investigated. The deposition rate of Ti was found to be constant at the given temperature and was increased with increasing temperature. The rate is controlled by surface reaction at the flow rate of gas higher than 500 ml/min, whereas at the flow rate lower than that by diffusional process. It is also interesting to note that the reaction mechanism changes at 1050$^{\circ}C$, at temperatures lower than 1050$^{\circ}C$ the activation energy is 56.9 Kcal/mol, whilst at temperatures higher than that is 8.3 Kcal/mol.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.411-419
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• 2022

DPR Korea has been creating cropland across the country due to its chronic food shortage. Cropland was about 17.4% at the end of the 1980s, but it increased steadily to 19.6% at the end of the 1990s, 24.8% at the end of the first decade of 2000s, and 25.4% at the end of the 2010s. On the other hand, the forest land declined from about 74.8% in the late 1980s to 69.5% in the late 2010s. Urbanization is also progressing, increasing from about 1.15% at the end of the 1980s to 1.68% at the end of the 2010s. Most of the deforestation that occurred in DPR Korea was caused by conversion to cropland. These characteristics of land cover changes in DPR Korea provide useful information and implications for international and inter-Korean cooperation for DPR Korea.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.152-157
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• 2009

Titanium alloy sheets have excellent specific strength and corrosion resistance as well as good performance at high temperature. Recently, titanium alloys are widely employed not only aerospace parts but also bio prothesis and motorcycle. But the database is insufficient of the titanium alloy for press forming process. In this study, the effect of temperature on the forming limit diagram was investigated for Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheet through the Hocker's punch stretching test at elevated temperature. Experimental results obtained in this study can provide a database for development of press forming process at elevated temperature of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheet. From the experimental studies it can be concluded that the formability of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheet is governed by the ductile failure for the testing temperature below and vice versa neck-induced failure above the recrystalization temperature $0.5T_m$. The formability of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheet at $750^{\circ}C$ increases about 7 times compared with that at room temperature.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.1141-1146
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• 2012

Ce-doped $Y_3Al_5O_{12}$ (YAG:Ce) phosphor powder was prepared using a ${NO_3}^-$-malonic acid-$NH_4NO_3-NH_3{\cdot}H_2O$ system. The YAG:Ce precursor was ignited at $240^{\circ}C$ and the resulting powder contained YAG:Ce crystallites (42%) - active in the visible region at 460 nm - amorphous particles (53%) - inactive at visible wavelengths - and less than 3% oxide (3%) crystallite impurities. The impurities transformed to acitive YAG:Ce crystallites at above $800^{\circ}C$. At above $1000^{\circ}C$, the amorphous phase became YAG phase and isolated $Ce_2O$ crystallites emerged. The powder particles comprised < $4{\mu}m$ secondary aggregates of 20 nm primary particles. The thermal dusting of the secondary particles coincided with the aggregation of the secondary particles at above $900^{\circ}C$.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2008

목적 : 주요 뇌 대사물질들의 T1 및 T2 이완시간들을 1.5T 및 3.0T 자기공명영상에서 산출하고 비교하여, 실제 임상응용의 기초자료로 제시하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1.5T와 3.0T에서 N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), Choline (Cho), Creatine (Cr)을 함유한 모형을 이용하여 STEAM (STimulated Echo-Acquisition Mode)방법으로 반복시간 (Repetition time)을 5000 ms, 에코시간 (Echo time)을 20 ms로 고정한 후 혼합시간 (Mixing time)을 11단계로 변화시켜서 획득된 스펙트럼들에서 뇌 대사물질들의 T1 이완시간을 산출하였으며, PRESS (Point-REsolved SpectroScopy)방법으로 반복시간을 3000 ms에 고정시킨 후 에코시간을 5단계로 변화시켜서 획득된 스펙트럼들에서 뇌 대사물질들의 T2 이완시간을 산출한 후 그 결과들을 1.5T와 3.0T사이에서 비교하였다. 결과 : T1 이완시간에 대하여, NAA는 1.5T에서 $2293\;{\pm}\;48\;ms$, 3.0T에서 $2559\;{\pm}\;124\;ms$로 산출되어 1.5T와 비교하여 3.0T에서 11.6% 길어졌고, Cho은 1.5T에서 $2540\;{\pm}\;57\;ms$, 3.0T에서 $2644\;{\pm}\;76\;ms$로 3.0T에서 4.1% 길어졌으며, Cr 은 1.5T에서 $2543\;{\pm}\;75\;ms$, 3.0T에서 $2665\;{\pm}\;94\;ms$로 3.0T에서 4.8% 길어졌다. T2 이완시간에 대하여, NAA는 1.5T에서 $526\;{\pm}\;81\;ms$, 3.0T에서 $468\;{\pm}\;74\;ms$로 산출되어 3.0T에서 11.0% 짧아졌고, Cho은 1.5T에서 $220\;{\pm}\;44\;ms, 3.0T에서 $182\;{\pm}\;35\;ms$로 3.0T에서 17.3% 짧아졌으며, Cr 은 1.5T에서 $289\;{\pm}\;47\;ms$, 3.0T에서 275\;{\pm}\;57\;ms$로, 3.0T에서 4.8% 짧아졌다. 결론 : 1.5T와 비교하여 3.0T에서 모형에 함유된 주요 뇌 대사물질들의 T1이완시간들은 $4.1%\;{\sim}\;11.6%$ 증가하였고, T2이완시간들은 4.8% ~ 17.3% 감소하였으므로, 자기공명분광법의 적정화를 위하여 3.0T에서 반복시간을 연장시키고, 에코시간은 단축시켜야 한다.