• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.929-933
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• 1997

Morphological studies in the micro-end-to-end (m-E-E) and micro-side-by-side (m-S-S) aggregations were conducted by using of scanning electron microscope (SEM) for the samples precipitated by heating of the end-products of the transition of FormⅡ (left-handed helix, three peptides per turn, 31) Form Ⅰ (right-handed helix, 3.3 peptides per turn, 103) in poly(L-proline) (PLP) in acetic acid(water)-propanol (1:9 v/v) solvent. The observed morphology for the solide state shows a rope (or super helical) type and pebbles type aggregate for the (m-E-E) and (m-S-S) aggregate respectively. The viscosities were also measured during the heat-precipitation in order to elucidate the process of formation of the rope- and pebbles-type aggregates. The result for the (m-E-E) aggregations exhibit two steps, i.e., at first, the viscosity increases with time (step 1), thereafter it decrease until attain the last value (step 2). But the (m-S-S) aggregations show only one step in the decreases in viscosity. On the bases of all experimental results it is possible to propose a reasonable mechanism for the formation of the two types of aggregates of the (m-E-E) and (m-S-S).

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2002

The technique of high speed machining is widely studied in machining fields, because the high efficiency and accuracy in machining can be obtained in high speed machining. Unfortunately the development of tool fur high speed machining in not close behind that of machine tool. In this study, 10 types flat endmill is prepared for obtaining data according to tool shape. Especially, we concentrated in helix angle, number of cutting edge and rake angle. Cutting condition is selected for several experiments and measuring cutting farce, tool life, tool wear and chip shape according to cutting length. 3-axis cutting farces are acquired from the tool dynamometer with high natural frequency, as the conventional tool dynamometer (9257B, Kistler) has cannot measure the state of high frequency force. Particularly, we found out that the axial cutting force waveform has a good relation with tool wear features. And flow is interrupted at the beginning of cutting by the decrease of rake angle. By above results. it is suggested the endmill tool with 45$^{\circ}$helix angle, 6 cutting edge and -15$^{\circ}$rake angle is suitable for high speed machining.

• BMB Reports
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.254-259
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• 2004

The wild-type and temperature-sensitive (ts) repressor genes were cloned from the temperate mycobacteriophage L1 and its mutant L1cIts391, respectively. A sequencing analysis revealed that the $131^{st}$ proline residue of the wild-type repressor was changed to leucine in the ts mutant repressor. The 100% identity that was discovered between the two DNA regions of phages L1 and L5, carrying the same sets of genes including their repressor genes, strengthened the speculation that L1 is a minor variant of phage L5 or vice versa. A comparative analysis of the repressor proteins of different mycobacteriophages suggests that the mycobacteriophage-specific repressor proteins constitute a new family of repressors, which were possibly evolved from a common ancestor. Alignment of the mycobacteriophage-specific repressor proteins showed at least 7 blocks (designated I-VII) that carried 3-8 identical amino acid residues. The amino acid residues of blocks V, VI, and some residues downstream to block VI are crucial for the function of the L1 (or L5) repressor. Blocks I and II possibly form the turn and helix 2 regions of the HTH motif of the repressor. Block IV in the L1 repressor is part of the most charged region encompassing amino acid residues 72-92, which flanks the putative N-terminal basic (residues 1-71) and C-terminal acidic (residues 93-183) domains of L1 repressor.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.56-66
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• 2019

Histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein (HINT) is a member of the histidine triad (HIT) superfamily, which has hydrolase activity owing to a histidine triad motif. The HIT superfamily can be divided to five classes with functions in galactose metabolism, DNA repair, and tumor suppression. HINTs are highly conserved from archaea to humans and function as tumor suppressors, translation regulators, and neuropathy inhibitors. Although the structures of HINT proteins from various species have been reported, limited structural information is available for fungal species. Here, to elucidate the structural features and functional diversity of HINTs, we determined the crystal structure of HINT from the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans (CaHINT) in complex with zinc ions at a resolution of $2.5{\AA}$. Based on structural comparisons, the monomer of CaHINT overlaid best with HINT protein from the protozoal species Leishmania major. Additionally, structural comparisons with human HINT revealed an additional helix at the C-terminus of CaHINT. Interestingly, the extended C-terminal helix interacted with the N-terminal loop (${\alpha}1-{\beta}1$) and with the ${\alpha}3$ helix, which appeared to stabilize the dimerization of CaHINT. In the C-terminal region, structural and sequence comparisons showed strong relationships among 19 diverse species from archea to humans, suggesting early separation in the course of evolution. Further studies are required to address the functional significance of variations in the C-terminal region. This structural analysis of CaHINT provided important insights into the molecular aspects of evolution within the HIT superfamily.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.379-388
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• 2016

In this study, by using Laplace and normal Laplace operators, we give some characterizations for the Darboux instantaneous rotation vector field of the curves in the Euclidean 3-space $E^3$. Further, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for unit speed space curves to have 1-type Darboux vectors. Moreover, we obtain some characterizations of helices according to Darboux vector.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제67권2호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2023

HubWA 단백질을 모델로 삼아 소수성 아미노산이 folding 반응에 끼치는 영향을 탐색하기 위하여 HubWA에 있는 I와 L을 V로 치환한 변이 단백질의 folding kinetics를 측정하였다. 변이 단백질의 folding kinetics는 HubWA 단백질과 마찬가지로 three-state on-pathway mechanism(U ⇌ I ⇌ N, U는 unfolded 상태, I는 중간단계, N은 native 상태를 의미한다)을 따르는 것으로 나타났다. Folding kinetics 분석을 통하여 three-state 반응의 elementary 반응과 전체 반응의 자유에너지인 ΔG^o_UI, ΔG^o_IN, ΔG^o_UN을 얻었고, 변이 단백질의 자유에너지와 HubWA 단백질의 자유에너지의 차(ΔΔG^o_UI = ΔG^o_UI(변이 단백질) - ΔG^o_UI(HubWA), ΔΔG^o_UN = ΔG^o_UN(변이 단백질) - ΔG^o_UN(HubWA))의 비인 ΔΔG^o_UI/ΔΔG^o_UN를 통하여 중간단계가 전체 folding 반응에 끼치는 영향을 각 소수성 잔기 별로 알아볼 수 있었다. HubWA의 입체구조에서 α-helix와 β-sheet가 상호작용하는 소수성 코어에 위치하는 아미노산인 I3, I13, L15, I30, L43, I61, L67을 V로 치환한 변이 단백질의 ΔΔG^o_UI/ΔΔG^o_UN 값이 ~0.5로 나타난 점은 이들 아미노산이 중간단계에서 native 상태보다는 느슨하지만 비교적 견고한 구조를 이루는 것으로 해석되었다. HubWA 입체구조에서 α-helix의 아미노말단에 위치하는 I23, 특정 이차구조가 없는 부위에 위치하는 I36, β-strand 5의 카복실말단에 위치하는 L69를 V로 치환한 변이 단백질의 ΔΔG^o_UI/ΔΔG^o_UN 값이 0.4 이하로 나타난 것은 이들 아미노산 잔기가 중간단계에서는 비교적 느슨한 구조를 이루다 중간단계에서 native 단계로 진행하는 folding 과정의 후반부에 HubWA의 입체구조에 견고하게 편입되는 것으로 해석되었다. HubWA의 입체구조에서 두 번째 β-strand의 카복실말단에 위치한 V17, 짧은 네 번째 β-strand의 카복실말단에 위치한 L50, 짧은 3₁₀-helix의 아미노말단에 위치한 L56이 중간단계에서 서로 상호작용을 하는 점은 이들 아미노산을 V로 치환한 변이 단백질의 ΔΔG^o_UI/ΔΔG^o_UN값이 0.8 이상으로 나타난 점을 통하여 알 수 있었다. L50과 L56은 짧은 β-strand와 3₁₀-helix를 제외하고 특별한 이차구조가 존재하지 않는 부위(46번째 아미노산 잔기부터 62번째 아미노산 잔기 까지)에 위치하는데, 이들 아미노산이 V17과 더불어 folding 반응의 초기에 견고하게 상호작용을 하는 것은 HubWA단백질이 folding 과정의 초기에 응집체를 형성하는 것을 막아주는 역할을하는 것으로 생각되었다.

• STI Policy Review
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.23-48
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• 2017

This article advocates for a Mode 3 science policy. Compared to the university research-based Mode 1 knowledge production system and the knowledge application-centric Mode 2 innovation system, Mode 3 can be defined as a system that integrates both Mode 1 and Mode 2-type knowledge production models. In this article, based on the major characteristics of the Mode 3 scientific knowledge production system, I agree with the advocates of Mode 3 that constructing a knowledge society requires an inclusive form of knowledge production and innovation system through the democratization of knowledge production as well as the promotion of social values. Moreover, the mechanisms for creating accountable innovation in the Mode 3 system should be given more attention from the science research and policy communities to make public policy for scientific and technological innovation more reflective of social changes. Similar to the ways that the Mode 1 and Mode 2 scientific knowledge production approaches have influenced the development of science policy models, the Mode 3 scientific knowledge production approach, or Mode 3 science, also has the potential to shape a new science policy model. I will refer to this as Mode 3 science policy. In an effort to conceptualize the democracy- and society-centric Mode 3 science policy model, I will articulate science policy strategies in four science policy domains in South Korea from the context of the Mode 3 science approach. These include (1) evaluation of publicly-funded research activities, (2) valorization of scientific knowledge (that is, enhancement of the value of scientific knowledge through governmental action), (3) development of a science policy decision-making support system, and (4) anticipatory foresight of science, technology and society. When adopting and implementing a Mode 3 science framework, one progressive change is to increase socially desirable innovation such as responsible innovation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.583-588
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• 2012

Functional interaction between Drosophila orphan receptor FTZ-F1 (NR5A3) and a segmentation gene product fushi tarazu (FTZ) is crucial for regulating genes related to define the identities of alternate segmental regions in the Drosophila embryo. FTZ binding to the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of FTZ-F1 is of essence in activating its transcription process. We determined solution structures of the cofactor peptide ($FTZ^{PEP}$) derived from FTZ by NMR spectroscopy. The cofactor peptide showed a nascent helical conformation in aqueous solution, however, the helicity was increased in the presence of TFE. Furthermore, $FTZ^{PEP}$ formed ${\alpha}$-helical conformation upon FTZ-F1 binding, which provides a receptor bound structure of $FTZ^{PEP}$. The solution structure of $FTZ^{PEP}$ in the presence of FTZ-F1 displays a long stretch of the ${\alpha}$-helix with a bend in the middle of helix.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.751-755
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• 2003

Cyclic AMP receptor proteins(CRP) activate many genes in Escherichia coli by binding of cAMP with not fully known mechanism. CRP existed as apo-CRP in the absence of cAMP, $CRP;(cAMP)_2$$_2$ at low(micromolar) cAMP concentration, or $CRP;(cAMP)_4$ at high(millimolar) concentration of cAMP. This study is designed to measure the thermal stability of S83G CRP, which substituted glycine for serine at amino acid 83 position, with CD spectrapolarimeter at 222nm by the constant elevation of temperature from $20^{\circ]C\; to\; 90^{\circ}C\; at\; 1^{\circ}C/min$. The non-linear regression analysis showed that melting temperatures were 68.4, 72.0, and $82.3^{\circ}C$ for no cAMP, 0.1mM cAMP, and 5mM cAMP, respectively. Result showed the strong thermal stability of CRP by binding of additional cAMP molecules to region between the hinge region and helix-turn-helix(HTH) motif at 5mM cAMP concentration.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.728-739
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• 2020

이 연구는 웹보메트릭 빅데이터를 활용하여 코로나바이러스 확진 국가(지역)들의 온라인 정보원의 다양성을 조사했다. 구체적으로 2020년 2월에 코로나바이러스 확진자가 발생한 28개국을 대상으로 웹 데이터를 수집한 결과, 호주, 캐나다, 이탈리아 등의 온라인 가시성이 높게 나타나면서 관련 정보를 가장 많이 생산하고 있었다. 국가별 검색건수(hit counts)와 정보채널의 역할을 하는 도메인(domain) 빈도와는 통계적으로 유의한 상관성이 있었다. 한편 데이터 수집도구인 bing.com의 점유률이 평소에도 높은 국가들을 제외하고 다시 검토한 결과, 당시 확진자 수가 많았던 일본, 중국, 싱가포르 등이 코로나바이러스와 관련된 웹데이터를 주도적으로 올리고 있었다. 온라인 정보원은 n-헬릭스를 활용하여 분류되었다. n-헬릭스는 대학-기업-정부의 3주체간 상호작용과 혁신을 강조하는 트리플헬릭스모델(Triple Helix Model)에 기반한 확장된 분석틀이다. 그 결과, 정부기관이 18.1%를 차지하면서 코로나바이러스 정보의 최대 공급자로 나타났다. 2원성 네트워크 분석결과를 보면 언론사, 대학병원, 공중보건에 특화된 조직 등도 코로나바이러스 연구와 방역 정보의 온라인 유통에 적극적이었다. 웹페이지에 포함된 단어들을 중심으로 내용분석을 해 보니 건강, 학교, 가족, 공공, 방안 등의 단어가 중심성이 높게 나타나 코로나바이러스로 인한 개인별 예방수칙뿐만 아니라 생활 불편과 업무장애로 인한 대처방안 등에 관심이 높다는 것을 알 수 있었다.