• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.614-620
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• 2004

This study was to determine the effect of dietary $\beta$-cyclodextrin ($\beta$CD) on egg quality and cholesterol content of egg yolk. One-hundred 28-week-old laying hens were randomly distributed into five groups of twenty hens each and maintained in individual laying cages for 10 weeks of the experiment. They were assigned to the five treatments of experimental layer diets containing 0, 3, 5, 7 or 10% pure $\beta$CD of diets. Food intake, egg production and egg weight varied slightly and insignificantly in the hens fed with 0, 3, 5 or 7% $\beta$CD-added diets. But food intake, egg production, and egg weight were uniformly lower (p＜0.05) in the hens fed with 10% $\beta$CD-added diets. Food conversion rate, when expressed per number egg, was impaired (p＜0.05) without having an obvious relation to the dietary $\beta$CD level. No difference in haugh unit, egg yolk color, and egg shell thickness was found among treatment. The cholesterol content of egg yolks was significantly decreased (p＜0.05) to 3.76, 5.12, 5.49 and 6.48 mg/g yolk in $\beta$CD 3, 5, 7 and 10% treatments respectively when compared to that of the $\beta$CD 0% group. The cholesterol content of eggs, when expressed in mg/60 g egg, was greatly (p＜0.05) decreased to 54, 71, 77 and 86 mg in $\beta$CD 3, 5, 7 and 10% treatments when compared to that of the $\beta$CD 0% group. The most striking effects (p＜0.05) were observed in $\beta$CD 5% and 7% treatments, whose cholesterol content decreased from 28.19% to 30.23%. In conclusion, $\beta$CD added-diets fed to laying hens can reduced the cholesterol content of egg yolk, and this new type of egg yolk with lower cholesterol can be considered a functional livestock food.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.102-105
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• 2000

Chemical investigation of the hot hexane extract of the stem bark of Gordonia dassanayakei afforded a new oleanane triterpenoid, $11{\alpha},13{\beta}-dihydroxyolean-3,12-dione$ (1) and two other oleanane triterpenoids, $3{\beta}-acetoxy-11{\alpha},13{\beta}-dihydroxyolean-12-one\;(2)\;and\;3{\beta},11{\alpha}-diacetoxy-13{\beta}-hydroxyolean-12-one\;(3)\;and\;a\;hopane\;6{\alpha},22-diol$ (4), which are new to the plant.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.34 no.2 s.133
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• pp.190-192
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• 2003

Anitioxidative activities againt 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical were evaluated for ten diarylheptanoids, $1,7-bis-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-heptane-3-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl(1{\rightarrow}3)-{\beta}-D-xylopyranoside(1)$, $1,7-bis-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-heptane-3-O-{\beta}-D-apiofuranosyl(1{\rightarrow}6)-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside(2)$, $1,7-bis-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-heptane-5-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside(3)$, 1,7-bis-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxyheptane(4), $1,7-bis-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-heptane-3-one-5-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside(5)$, oregonin(6), hirsutanonol(7), hirsutenone(8), $1,7-bis-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxyheptane-3-O-{\beta}-D-xylopyranoside(9)$ and platyphylloside(10), which were isolated from Alnus japonica. Aglycones (4,7 and 8) and mono glycosides (3,6 and 9) showed more strong antioxidative activities than diglycosides (1 and 2) against the DPPH radical. Especially, hirsutenone(8) showed superior activity among ten diarylheptanoid.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1317-1323
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• 2005

In an attempt to examine the ability of benzisothiazole-based drugs to interact with $\beta$-adrenoceptors, a series of 1,2-benzisothiazole derivatives, which were substituted with various propanolamine or oxypropanolamine side chains in the 2 or 3 position, were synthesised and tested. The pharmacological activity of these compounds at the ,$\beta$-adrenoceptors was examined using isolated rat atria and small intestinal segments, which preferentially express the $\beta_{1}$- and $\beta_{3}$-adrenoceptor-mediated responses, respectively. None of these products showed any $\beta$-adrenoceptor agonistic activity. In contrast, the 2- and 3-substituted isopropyl, tert-butyl, benzyl, and piperonyl derivatives 2a-d and 3a-d elicited surmountable inhibition of the isoprena­line-induced chronotropic effects in the atria, suggesting competitive antagonism at the $\beta_{1}$­recognition site. The $pA_{2}$ values revealed tert-butyl 3b and the isopropyl substituted piperonyl derivatives 3a to be the most effective. Remarkably, many of the 2-substituted propanolamines were less active than the corresponding 3-substituted oxypropanolamines. With the exception of compound 3b, none of these drugs antagonised the muscle relaxant activity of isoprenaline in the intestine, suggesting no effect on the $\beta_{3}$-adrenoceptors. These results confirm the ability of the benzisothiazole ring to interact with the $\beta$-adrenoceptors, and demonstrate that 2-substitution with propanolamine or 3-substitution with oxypropanolamine groups yields compounds with preferential antagonistic activity at the cardiac $\beta_{1}$adrenoceptors. The degree of antagonism depends strongly on both the nature of the substituent and its position on the benzisothiazole ring.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.89-92
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• 2014

The Wnt/${\beta}$-catenin pathway plays important roles in a variety of biological processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and organ development. Here, we used a cell-based reporter assay to identify bryostatin-1, a natural macrocyclic lactone, as an inhibitor of the Wnt/${\beta}$-catenin pathway. Bryostatin-1 suppressed ${\beta}$-catenin response transcription (CRT), which was activated by a Wnt3a-conditioned medium (Wnt3a-CM), through a decrease in the intracellular ${\beta}$-catenin protein levels, without affecting its mRNA level. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of proteasome abrogated bryostatin-1-mediated down-regulation of the ${\beta}$-catenin protein level. Our findings suggest that bryostatin-1 attenuates the Wnt/${\beta}$-catenin pathway through the promotion of proteasomal degradation of ${\beta}$-catenin.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.85-91
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• 2017

This study analyzed the effect of NCS - based education and training of small and medium manufacturing on job performance. The results of this study were as follows: First, the effects of NCS education and training on job performance(p<.001, ${\beta}=5.130$) were analyzed. As a result, (p<.01, ${\beta}=3.783$) and on-the-job training had a significant effect on job attitude (p <.05, ${\beta}=-2.448$). (P <.01, ${\beta}=.740$), job skill and collective education (p <.01, ${\beta}=.459$), and job skill (P <.01, ${\beta}=.575$), job attitude and field training (p <.05, ${\beta}=-.320$), collective education and field training (p < .268) were found to be correlated. Third, the analysis of the effect of the age of general characteristics on job attitude showed that the fifties (3.75) had higher attitude than the 20s (3.44), 30s (3.26) and 40s (3.63). The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of NCS - based education and training on the job performance of small and medium manufacturing industries.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.20 no.A
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• pp.45-50
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• 2000

A submerged cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum was carried out in an air-lift fermenter system, and the effects of different pH processes on extracellular branched ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan(EPS) production and mycelial growth(MDW) were investigated. The controlled pH process improved the production of branched ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan and biomass in comparison to the uncontrolled pH process. However, the maximum production of branched ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan were obtained by the bi-staged pH process. From these results, we confirmed that the bi-staged pH process was the most effective for improving the production of branched ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan from submerged culture of G. lucidum.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.24 no.1_2
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• pp.437-448
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• 2007

Suppose K is a nonempty closed convex nonexpansive retract of a real uniformly convex Banach space E with P as a nonexpansive retraction. Let $T_1,\;T_2\;and\;T_3\;:\;K{\rightarrow}E$ be nonexpansive mappings with nonempty common fixed points set. Let $\{\alpha_n\},\;\{\beta_n\},\;\{\gamma_n\},\;\{\alpha'_n\},\;\{\beta'_n\},\;\{\gamma'_n\},\;\{\alpha'_n\},\;\{\beta'_n\}\;and\;\{\gamma'_n\}$ be real sequences in [0, 1] such that ${\alpha}_n+{\beta}_n+{\gamma}_n={\alpha}'_n+{\beta'_n+\gamma}'_n={\alpha}'_n+{\beta}'_n+{\gamma}'_n=1$, starting from arbitrary $x_1{\in}K$, define the sequence $\{x_n\}$ by $$\{zn=P({\alpha}'_nT_1x_n+{\beta}'_nx_n+{\gamma}'_nw_n)\;yn=P({\alpha}'_nT_2z_n+{\beta}'_nx_n+{\gamma}'_nv_n)\;x_{n+1}=P({\alpha}_nT_3y_n+{\beta}_nx_n+{\gamma}_nu_n)$$ with the restrictions $\sum^\infty_{n=1}{\gamma}_n<\infty,\;\sum^\infty_{n=1}{\gamma}'_n<\infty,\; \sum^\infty_{n=1}{\gamma}'_n<\infty$. (i) If the dual $E^*$ of E has the Kadec-Klee property, then weak convergence of a $\{x_n\}$ to some $x^*{\in}F(T_1){\cap}{F}(T_2){\cap}(T_3)$ is proved; (ii) If $T_1,\;T_2\;and\;T_3$ satisfy condition(A'), then strong convergence of $\{x_n\}$ to some $x^*{\in}F(T_1){\cap}{F}(T_2){\cap}(T_3)$ is obtained.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.28 no.2 s.67
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• pp.311-327
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Transforming Growth Factor-${\beta}$ (TGF-${\beta}$) on the viability of human periodontal ligament cells, in-vitro and on the experimental tooth movement in rat, in-vivo. Human periodontal ligaments were cultured from the first premolar tooth extracted for the purpose of the orthodontic treatment. 0.1, 1, 5 and 10ng/m1 of TGF-${\beta}$ was given to the cultured wells, respectively and the viability was evaluated by MTT assay. Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 experimental groups(4 rats in each) where 100g of force was applied from helical spring across the maxillary incisors. TGF-${\beta}$ was injected via Hamilton syringe into the periodontal ligament at the mesial and the distal surface of a maxillary incisor of 2 rats in each experimental group. Phosphate buffer saline(PBS) was injected in 2 other rats as controls. Experimental groups were sacrificed at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after force application, respectively. The obtained tissues were evaluated histologically. The obtained results were as follows: 1. The viability of periodontal ligament cells in 0.1ng/ml of TGF-${\beta}$ was not significantly different from that of control at 1-, 2- and 3-day of cultivation. 2. The viability of periodontal ligament cells was significantly increased at 3-day in 1ng/ml or 5ng/ml of TGF-${\beta}$, and at 2-,3-day in 10ng/ml of of TGF-${\beta}$. 3. The zone of hyalinization in periodontal ligament in pressure side was smaller in TGF-${\beta}$ injection group than that in control group at 3-day after the application of experimental force in rat. But no difference was seen after 7-day. 4. Osteoclastic activity and capillary prolieferation in pressure side were greater in TGF-${\beta}$ injection group than that in control group at 3-day to 7-day. 5. Osteoblastic activity and new bone fomation in tension side were greater in TGF-${\beta}$ injection group than that in control group at 3-day to 14-day.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.28 no.4 s.69
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• pp.627-640
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• 1998

[$TGF-{\beta}$] is a polypeptide with multiple physiological functions in regulation of cell-to-cell interaction and in growth and development. The active form of vitmain $D_3$, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol $[1,25-(OH)_2D_3]$, is one of the most potent stimulators of osteoclastic acitivity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Vitamin $D_3$ and/or $TGF-{\beta}$ on the periodontal ligament(PDL) cells. Human PDL cells were prepared from the first premolars extracted for the orthodontic treatment and were incubated in the environment of , $37^{\circ},\;5\%\;CO_2\;and\;95\%$ humidity. 10, 50 or 100ng/m1 of $1,25-(OH)_2D_3$ and 0.1, 1, 5 or 10ng/ml of $TGF-{\beta}$ were administered to the culture wells, separately or in combination. And the viability of PDL cells was evaluated by MTT assay The obtained results were as follows. 1. The viability of PDL cells in 10ng/ml of vitamin $D_3$ was not significantly differenent from that of the control group at 1, 2 and 3-day of cultivation, but it was significantly increased in 50ng/ml of Vitamin $D_3$ at 3-day and in 100ng/m1 of Vitamin $D_3$ at 2 and 3-day. 2. The viability of PDL cells in 0.1ng/ml of $TGF-{\beta}$ was not significantly differenent from that of the control group at 1, 2 and 3-day of cultivation, but it was significantly increased in 1 and 5ng/ml of $TGF-{\beta}$ at 3-day of cultivation, and in 10ng/ml of $TGF-{\beta}$ at 2 and 3-day of cultivation. 3. In case of admixture of 1ng/ml of $TGF-{\beta}$ and the various concentrations of vitamin $D_3$, the viability of PDL cells was significantly increased in the admixture of 100ng/ml of vitamin $D_3$ at 3-day of cultivation 4. In case of admixture of 5ng/ml of $TGF-{\beta}$ and the various concentrations of vitamin $D_3$, the viability of PDL cells began to be increased from 2-day of cultivation in the admixture of 10 50 and 100ng/ml of vitamin $D_3$, but it was not maintained at 3-day in the admixture of 10ng/m of vitamin $D_3$. 5. In case of admixture of 10ng/ml of $TGF-{\beta}$ and the various concentrations of vitamin $D_3$ the viability of PDL cells was significantly increased in the admixture of 50ng/ml of vitamin $D_3$ at 2 and 3-day of cultivation, and in the admixture of 100ng/ml at 1, 2 and 3-day.