• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.25-37
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• 2015

"Donguibogam" has been published several times in Japan and China since the first was published and established itself as representing the East Asian medicine in 17th Century. Also, modern far has attracted attention as a major classic book of Korea medicine. For these "Donguibogam" its contents, as well as several medical historians and bibliographers were early comment on versions. However, these prior studies did not confirm about the various editions of the publication time, especially for the initial wood-block edition estimate only. Through this new study found the following facts. First, Wood-block edition of two Jeollagamyeong published until the mid-18th century to be confirmed by the "Seungjeongwonilgi". Second, the timing of the editions published later modified in Naeuiwon is confirmed by the "Chakpan Catalog" and the "Seungjeongwonilgi". Third, the person who keeps wood-block edition of Chonnamgamyeong is the first empirical examples of the same edition. Fourth, the edition is not published editions group that bypasses the Naeuiwon modified.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
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• no.44
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• pp.33-51
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• 2021

This thesis analyzes the formal characteristics of Dutch flower still life from the 17th century to the early 18th century and looks into the relevance with the Dutch art market from a macro perspective. The 17th Flower Still Life is to represent social hierarchy in that as the imported exotic, recherch items, the flowers were classified in the terms of their rarity and expensiveness. For this intriguing research, the subject is circumscribed to a vase of flowers, which is the quintessence of In the form of various Dutch Flower Still Life. Dutch society in the early 17th century was centered on the civilian class engaged in trade and commerce, which allowed them to purchase art works to show off their wealth, economic benefits and satisfaction of aesthetic tastes. Among them, the popularity of flower still life was related to the concentrated demand for rare flowers from the new continent. Accordingly, exact depiction and sense of the three dimensional manner were highly regarded in the early flower still life. For the tastes of the wealthy citizens who succeeded in business, the identity of flowers and the actual screen were considered as important. However, after the mid 17th century, economic growth in the Netherlands put an end, and the art market was also on a downward path. The demand class of flower still life has gotten farther away from the spirit of businessmen and has changed into city aristocrats who were stable rentiers. Their tastes laid emphasis on subjective sensibility, which meant that aristocratic, asymmetric, and dramatic chiaroscuro were preferred rather than being realistic. Furthermore, in the 18th century illusionistic realism was abandoned as an expression method of the planar characteristics and a new era in the floral still life was ushered with the reinforcement of decorative effect. From this perspective, it is not an exaggeration to say that romanticism, which is thought of as the beginning of Contemporary Art, originated from the aesthetic taste of Dutch civic culture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.63 no.5
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• pp.18-34
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• 2013

This paper examines the costumes of 18th century Joseon dynasty that appears in the writings of Lee Ok(李鈺, 1760~1815). The main characteristics that can be inferred about the clothing from his writings are as follows. 1) It suppose that the color of first grade(一品) official uniform was purple. The popular color for the bride's ceremonial dress was red. 2) It was likely that only bridesmaids or married women were allowed to wear Jokduri(ceremonial coronet). 3) White clothes were only preferred in Yeongnam-udo, whereas other regions mainly wore blue, which differs from the national preference for white clothes that was prevalent in the end of the Joseon dynasty. 4) Once cotton was harvested, it only took 5 days to convert it into cotton cloth and be sold on the market. Cotton cloth was one of the most important products during the latter half of the Joseon dynasty. It was common practice in markets to sell expensive costume materials as counterfeits or fungible goods with the intent to cheat. 5) The buddhist monk's hat is various that short cylinder form(短桶帽) and jade or gold headband button(玉圈 金圈) attached shape, etc. Consequently, Lee Ok's writing is a suitable reference for researching Joseon dynasty clothing, since it includes detailed and various descriptions of everyday clothing worn by strict noblemen, which is difficult to find elsewhere.

• Proceedings of the Costume Culture Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.73-74
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• 2001

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.18-20
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• 2001

• Atmosphere
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.343-350
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• 2006

The rainfall amount measured by Chugugi at Gongju was found in "Gaksadeungnok". Gaksadeungnok is ancient documents from governmental offices in Joseon dynasty. Rainfall data at Gongju are restored for 18 years of 19th century. In 1871, total rainfall amount is 1,338 mm. It is different by about 11% in the amount compared with Seoul Chugugi rainfall in 1871 and Daejeon modern raingauge measurement result during the 30 years (1971-2000). Annual march of monthly rainfall data at Gongju is similar with that of Seoul. Based on the results, restored rainfall at Gongju is consistent with Seoul Chugugi rainfall data. The rainfall amount restored in this study is measured by Chugugi which was installed at Gongju, in Chung-Cheong province. Furthermore, Gaksadeungnok includes rainfall amount reports by agricultural tool measurement in addition to Chugugi measurement. These facts prove a network of rain gauge in Joseon dynasty.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.52 no.11
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• pp.656-669
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• 2014

This literature considers Pierre Fauchard's exploits under historical context of the enlightenment movement and development of the surgery during 18th century in France. <치과의사 Le Chirurgien Dentiste, ou Traite des dents>, a vast collection of the former and contemporary dental knowledge, technologies, and skills, established Modern Dentistry. To emphasize the professionality of dental treatment and actions involving it, Fauchard replaces the title 'dental expert' with 'stomatologist, or Le Chirurgien Dentiste' As professionalism tried to contribute to the public interest by sharing dental knowledge and technolgies, it had become a model for the dentists. Moreover, the professionalism has been accepted as an important value throughout the manufacture crafts era and the modern capitalist industrial society. Also the principles of liberty, equality, and tolerance founded during enlightenment movement, which is based on empirical positivism and rational reason, has become the legal basis of modern nations. In order to resolve the contradiction or conflict between 'liberty and equality' by 'tolerance for the public benefit', Korean dentists need develop professionalism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.62 no.7
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• pp.13-28
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• 2012

This study examines history of Korean peony patterns and characteristics of peony patterns on the fabric. It is classified according to expression methods, and it analyzes the characteristics of 71 kinds of peony woven on 66 Korean fabrics. First, it was observed that 38 of the 66 studied fabrics (57.6%) were relics from the 17th century, and from this it can be deduced that the peony patterns began to appear regularly around the latter half of the 16th century and were used habitually in the 17th century. Second, 71 kinds on 66 fabrics can be divided into Real Type, Design Type, and Abstraction Type according to expression methods. Among these types, 49 kinds of them are Real Types (69.0%), forming the greatest part and 19 kinds belonging to the Design Type (26.8%), and lastly, 3 kinds were under the Abstraction Type (4.2%). In particular, peony patterns of Design Types and Abstraction Types from the 17th century and from the 19th century to the 20th century were more prevalent, compared with those before the 16th century or the 18th century. Third, Real Types shown on the Korean fabrics are subdivided into 9 types, and the Real Type A among them, which describes to be as real as possible, is 12 kinds, the largest number of them. Therefore, real and natural pattern of peony is the favorite type in Korea, while rather emphasized pattern of peony is the more preferred pattern in China. And also Design Types are subdivided into 6 types again; There are 6 kinds of design type A, the largest part of Design Types. Patterns of Design Type A are most similar to real peony flowers, but more simplified than the Real Type A. This result also contrasted with the trend in China, where the Design Type C, expressed petals in detail was the favored pattern. Fourth, 9 kinds of unique types are found in Korean fabrics, especially Real Type M has not been shown on Chinese fabrics. Real type M, consisting of two parts, inner and outer, where two curve lines between two parts appear as antennas of a butterfly.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.137-147
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• 2011

This study aims to find out the construction process and planning characteristics of Suwon and Hwa-sung in 18th century from the point of water system. This study has an explanatory approach. The planning intents in the water system was driven out by analyzing various planning elements in relation to water system in the process of constructing Hwa-sung in 18th century. Using Entire Map of Hwa-sung, land registration map made in 1911 and topographic map of 1/10,000 scale made in 1917, water system and interpretation of spatial structure in Hwa-sung were analyzed. The results are as follows(Planning characteristics of the water system in Haw-sung in 18th century are as follows). Firstly, in determining the spatial structure and location of Hwa-sung, water system had an important role. Secondly, integrated drainage system was planned by the organization of natural and artificial water stream. Thirdly, the main street system and land use structure were planned in relation with water system. Fourthly, territoriality of main area was planned with water stream. Fifthly, ponds were constructed for flood control and they had important role as landscape elements. Sixthly, water stream was used as intentional BiBo element. As a result of the study, the weater system of Hwa-sung in 18th century was planned by the organization of natural and artificial water stream in relation with the location of new town and wide area's spatial structure, street system, land use structure, territoriality of main area, terriflood control, water quality protection, landscape, 비보 and urban daily life.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2007

In the Middle Ages it was customary to cover up the hair, but the Renaissance brought uncovered coiffures with the revival of humanism. In those days, silk and linen veil, ribbon, string of pearl used for covering, wrapping round with the hair. During the Baroque period, the style of hair was to pursue the beauty of imbalance in form, reflecting the atmosphere of the time. Hurluberlu and Fontanges hairstyles were in fashion. Then in the Rococo period, huge, resplendent coiffures of exquisite beauty were invented as a symbol of power, and these modes of hairdo were a dominant force in the culture of personal adornment of that time. Pouf and enfant hairstyles were in fashion. As a reaction against the extravagance of the proceding modes, late 18th and early 19th centuries brought revival of simpler hairstyles of ancient Greece and Rome by the influence of neoclassicism. The latter half of the 1820's onwards saw he reappearance of voluminous coiffures as well as an enormous variation of knots with combinations of false knots and chignons. Late 19th through early 20th centuries was the period of beautifully waved hair, the style of which was an integration of Marcel waves and Art Nouveau. The 20th century saw the epoch-making invention of permanent waves using electricity. Concurrently, with an increasing participation of women in social affairs since pre-and post-World War I periods, as well as with Art Deco in full flourish, bobbed hair was created in pursuit of lightness and nimbleness, quickly showing the change of women's modes of life. Hair fashions thoroughly embody the aesthetic sense of each period, reflecting the landscape of contemporary society.