• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.264-269
• /
• 2010

$LiNi_{0.5}Mn_{0.3}Co_{0.2}O_2$ active material was prepared by simple-combustion method and investigated as the cathode material for li-ion battery. The structural characterization was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), respectively. The XRD patterns of $LiNi_{0.5}Mn_{0.3}Co_{0.2}O_2$ sample was indicated a phase of layered hexagonal structure. The size of particles has not uniform diameters ranging from 100 to 300 nm. The electrochemical performance of the $LiNi_{0.5}Mn_{0.3}Co_{0.2}O_2$ was measured by Cyclic Voltammetry and galvanostatics. The $LiNi_{0.5}Mn_{0.3}Co_{0.2}O_2$ shows the discharge capacity of ~162 mAh/g in the range of 2.8 to 4.3 V at the first cycle.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 2020

In order to remove sulfate(SO42-) and purify the Li2CO3, dissolution and recrystallization of crude Li2CO3 using distilled water and HCl solution was performed. When Li2CO3 was dissolved using distilled water, the amount of dissolved Li2CO3(wt.%) increased as the solution temperature decrease and showed about 1.50 wt.% at 2.5℃. In addition, when Na2CO3 was added and the Li2CO3 solution was recrystallized, the recrystallization(%) increased with increasing temperature, resulting in a 49.00 % at 95 ℃. On the other hand, when Li2CO3 was dissolved using HCl solution, there was no effect of reaction temperature. As the concentration of HCl solution increased, the amount of dissolved Li2CO3(wt.%) increased, indicating 7.10 wt.% in 2.0 M HCl solution. When the LiCl solution was recrystallized by adding Na2CO3, it exhibited a recrystallization(%) of 86.10 % at a reaction temperature of 70 ℃, and showed a sulfate ion removal(%) of 96.50 % or more. Finally, more than 99.10 % of Na and more than 99.90 % of sulfate were removed from the recrystallized Li2CO3 powder through water washing, and purified Li2CO3 with a purity of 99.10 % could be recovered.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
• /
• v.11 no.11
• /
• pp.1049-1054
• /
• 1998

The LiCo$O_2$ powder was synthesized by a solution phase reaction. This shows a high (003) peak intensity and low (104) or (101) peak intensities in X-ray diffraction spectra. The LiCo$O_2$/Li cell shows an initial discharge capacity of 102.9mAh/g and an average discharge potential or 3.877V at a current density of 50mA/g between 3.0~4.2V. The peaks of dQ/dV plot are associated with Li ion intercalation/deintercalation reaction. To evaluate the cycleability of an actual battery system, cylindrical lithium ion cell was manufactured using graphitized MPCF anode and LiCoO$_2$ cathode. After 100th cycle, this cel maintains 80% capacity of 10th cycle value. The LiCoO$_2$/MPCF cell has a high discharge voltage of 3.6~3.7V and a good cycle life performance on cycling between 4.2~2.7V.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.117-122
• /
• 2012

The leaching of Li from fly ashes was studied. The fly ash produced from the Taean electric power plant of the Korea Western Power Co., Ltd. was used for this study. The Li leaching was observed according to the changes in solid:solution ratio, solution types (seawater or deionized water), and the $CO_2$ condition in the atmosphere. The results showed that the Li concentrations in the solution increased continuously as the solid:solution ratio increased. The Li leaching per unit mass of fly ash was greater when the deionized water was used for the experiment and when the $CO_2$ dissolution is limited during the reaction because the precipitation of $CaCO_3$ is suppressed under those conditions. At high solid:solution ratio, $Mg^{2+}$, the ion preventing the Li extraction from seawater by adsorption, was effectively removed from the seawater.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2006.11a
• /
• pp.241-242
• /
• 2006

In this work, the $LiFePO_4-LiCoO_2$ mixed cathode electrodes were prepared and their electrochemical performances were measured in different current density. The cell of $LiFePO_4-LiCoO_2$ observed two voltage plateau regions at 3.4 and 3.9V. The cell of $LiFePO_4-LiCoO_2$ (90:10 wt%) mixed cathode delivered a discharge capacity of ca. 139.8 mAh/g at a 0.2C rate. The capacity of the cell decreased with the current rate and a useful capacity of ca 85.7mAh/g was obtained at a 2C rate.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.327-330
• /
• 2010

$LiCoO_2$, a cathode material for lithium rechargeable batteries, was prepared in a nanoscale through a simple sonochemistry. First, $Co_3O_4$ nanoparticles were prepared by reacting NaOH and $CoCl_2$ or $CoSO_4$ with a sonochemical method, operated at 20 kHz and 220 W for 20 min, very powerful multibubble sonoluminescence conditions for chemical reactions. Second, LiOH was coated onto the $Co_3O_4$ nanoparticles by the same method as above. Finally, $LiCoO_2$ nanoparticles of about 10~30 nm size in diameter were obtained by the thermal treatment of the resulting LiOH-coated $Co_3O_4$ nanoparticles at $500^{\circ}C$ for 3 hr. This synthetic process is relatively quite mild and simple compared to the known method for the synthesis of $LiCoO_2$ nanoparticles. The materials synthesized were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma spectrometer, and high resolution-transmission electron microscopy analyses.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
• /
• v.19 no.8
• /
• pp.737-743
• /
• 2006

[ $Li[Co_{0.50}Li_{0.17}Mn_{0.33}]O_2$ ] powder was prepared using a simple combustion method. specially, ratio of 2:1, 3:2, 1:1, 2:3, 1:2 was adopted as acetate source/nitrate source. The diffraction pattern of $Li[Co_{0.50}Li_{0.17}Mn_{0.33}]O_2$ powder showed that this compound could be classified as hexagonal $a-NaFeO_2$ structure (space group : $R\bar{3}m$). The size of powder was less than $1{\mu}m$. Small particle size of cathode powder would give a good ionic and electronic conductivity to cathode electrode, which made of cathode powder. As the increase of nitrate source-ratio, discharge capacity of $Li[Co_{0.50}Li_{0.17}Mn_{0.33}]O_2$ at high charge-discharge rate was increased. When the ratio of acetate source/nitrate source was 1:2, discharge capacity at 10 C rate (2000 mA/g) was 180 mAh/g. It was $10{\sim}15%$ larger than that of powder, which have 2:1 as acetate source/nitrate ratio.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2008.05a
• /
• pp.175-176
• /
• 2008

In this study, the sintering properties and structural properties of the $Mg_5Ta_4O_{15}$cation-deficient perovskite ceramics with $Li_2CO_3$ additions are investigated. The cation-deficient perovskite ceramics are prepared through the solid-state route. According to the XRD pattern, $Mg_4Ta_2O_9$, $MgTa_2O_6$ and $Mg_5Ta_4O_{15}$ phase existed in sintered pure $Mg_5Ta_4O_{15}$ ceramics. With $Li_2CO_3$, additions, the peak intensities of $Mg_4Ta_2O_9$ and $MgTa_2O_6$ phase were reduced. Also, diffraction intensity of the $Mg_5Ta_4O_{15}$ phase was increased with increments of $Li_2CO_3$ additions. The bulk densities were increased with increasing of $Li_2CO_3$ amount and approach the theoretical density of the $Mg_5Ta_4O_{15}$ ceramics, more and more. Microstructure of the $Mg_5Ta_4O_{15}$ ceramics were densified more and more by additions of $Li_2CO_3$. The bulk density of $Mg_5Ta_4O_{15}$+5wt% $Li_2CO_3$ ceramics sintered at $1500^{\circ}C$ for 10 hours was $5.88g/cm^3$.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.181-186
• /
• 2015

It is necessary to develop an effective waste salt treatment technology for the minimization of radioactive waste generation from the pyroprocessing of spent nuclear fuel. For this reason, the separation characteristics of NdCl₃ from LiCl-KCl eutectic salt in a reactive distillation process using Li₂CO₃ or K₂CO₃ were observed. NdCl₃ was converted into oxychloride (NdOCl) or oxide (Nd₂O₃) in the reaction model between NdCl₃ and the carbonates using HSC-Chemistry, and this result was confirmed in the reactive distillation test of the LiCl-KCl-NdCl₃ system using the carbonates. Based on these results, the reactive distillation process conditions were determined to separate NdCl₃ into an oxide form (Nd₂O₃) which can be easily fabricated into a final waste form.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.26-33
• /
• 2022

Owing to the demand for lithium-ion batteries, the recovery of valuable metals from waste lithium-ion batteries is required in future. A pyrometallurgical treatment is appropriate for recycling a large number of waste lithium-ion batteries, but Li loss to slag and dust present a significant challenge. This research investigated carbonation roasting and water leaching behaviors in Li-ion batteries by graphite addition to recover Li from the NCM-based cathode materials of waste Li-ion batteries. When 10 wt% of graphite was added, CO and CO₂ gases were emitted with a rapid weight reduction at apporoximately 850 K, when heated in Ar and CO₂ atmosphere. After the rapid weight reduction, NCM was decomposed and reduced to metal oxides and pure metals. In the carbonation roasting of black powder (NCM+graphite), O₂ is generated via the decomposition of NCM, and an oxides, such as Li₂O and NiO were were also generated. Subsequently, Li₂O reacts with CO₂ to generate Li₂CO₃, and a part of NiO was reduced by graphite to produce metal Ni. In addition, up to 94.5 % Li₂CO₃ with ~99.95 % purity was recovered via water leaching after carbonation roasting.