• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.5B
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• pp.287-293
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• 2012

This study suggests the topographic index-based methodology which can be used to represent the saturation of soil and thereby change of variable runoff area at basin scale. ${\infty}$-flow direction method is applied to estimate topographic index because of its freedom from the restriction of 8-flow direction method as well as possibility of the minimum flow dispersion. From the comparison of topographic index distribution with the existing result the methodology is shown to be a workable one. It is judged that the representation of variable runoff area may be a systematic tool to investigate the dynamic and non-linear property of rainfall-runoff process because it can provide the explicit way to spatial distribution of basin saturation.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• v.3C no.6
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• pp.211-215
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• 2003

Alternating current (AC) losses of two Bi-2223 ([Bi, Pb] : Sr : Ca : Cu :O = 2:2:2:3) tapes [one untwisted (Tape I, twist-pitch of $\infty$ mm) and the other with a twist-pitch of 8mm (Tape II) ] were measured and compared. These samples, produced by the powder-in-tube (PIT) method, are multi-filamentary and have a Ag/Au and Ag matrix, respectively. Susceptibility measurements were conducted while cooling in a magnetic field. Flux loss measurements were conducted as a function of ramping rate, frequency and field direction. The AC flux loss increases as the twist-pitch of the tapes decreased, in agreement with the Norris Equation.