• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.397-404
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• 2005

약과 저장 중 지방의 산패로 인해 품질 저하를 개선하고자 ${\gamma}$-oryzanol(0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0%)을 첨가한 약과의 저장성과 품질 특성을 연구하였다. 약과의 산가, 과산화물가, TBA가는 저장기간이 증가할수록 증가하였고, ${\gamma}$-oryzanol 첨가농도가 증가할수록 낮아져 ${\gamma}$-oryzanol는 항산화효과를 나타내었다. 약과의 명도와 적색도, 황색도는 ${\gamma}$-oryzanol 첨가농도에 따른 유의적 차이는 나타나지 않았으며 조직감은 저장기간에 따라 변화가 있었으나 ${\gamma}$-oryzanol 첨가량에 따른 통일된 유의적인 경향은 나타나지 않았다. 저장기간에 따른 지방산 조성의 변화는 모든 시료군에서 저장기간이 증가함에 따라 포화지방산의 함량은 증가하고, 불포화지방산의 함량은 감소하였는데, ${\gamma}$-oryzanol 첨가 농도가 증가할수록 불포화지방산의 비율이 높게 유지되었다. ${\gamma}$-Oryzanol 첨가 약과에서 산패에 의해 발생하는 전형적인 휘발성 물질인 hexanal 발생이 상대적으로 적었고 산패취의 생성 또한 유의적인 감소를 나타내었다. ${\gamma}$-Oryzanol 첨가가 약과의 산패도 지연 및 저장성 증대에 활용 될수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.173-176
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• 2007

${\gamma}-Oryzanol$ is one of the chain breaking antioxidants. Both sterol (triterpene) and phenolic hydroxyl groups in the structure of ${\gamma}-oryzanol$ may be responsible for its antioxidative function. We hypothesize that ${\gamma}-oryzanol$ is more effective in preventing the autoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) than the synthetic phenolic compounds in an oil/water (O/W) emulsion system. The antioxidative effectiveness of different concentrations of ${\gamma}-oryzanol$ and synthetic antioxidants was evaluated at different incubation times (0, 4, 8, 16, and 32 h) by measuring both the formation of hydroperoxides and the decomposition product of hydroperoxides (hexanal) in each emulsion system. Overall, the order of effectiveness of various antioxidants for inhibiting the formation of hydroperoxide in the O/W emulsion was: ${\gamma}-oryzanol$> tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ)> butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)> butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). O/W emulsion with selective lower concentrations of ${\gamma}-oryzanol$ showed better effectiveness than that with higher concentration of synthetic antioxidants. However, the ability of both ${\gamma}-oryzanol$ and synthetic antioxidants to decompose hydroperoxide was similar. ${\gamma}-Oryzanol$ was more effective antioxidant than the synthetic phenolic compounds in preventing the formation of hydroperoxide in the O/W emulsion system.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2017

Gamma (${\gamma}$)-oryzanol is a substance abundant in rice, which is widely cultivated in Asian countries. In this study, we evaluated the effect of ${\gamma}$-oryzanol treatment on proliferation and apoptosis of AGS human gastric carcinoma cells. AGS cells were treated with ${\gamma}$-oryzanol for 72 h in a dose dependent manner. Treatment of ${\gamma}$-oryzanol (50, 100, and $200{\mu}g/mL$) resulted in decreased AGS cell proliferation and increased number of cells in the sub-G1 population. Additionally, apoptotic cells were investigated by annexin V staining and mitochondrial membrane potential assays. Our results indicated that ${\gamma}$-oryzanol treatment increased the number of annexin V-positive cells and depolarized cells. This demonstrated that ${\gamma}$-oryzanol is effective for the induction of apoptosis in AGS cells. We next examined the expression of promising anticancer drug target molecules, including PTEN and HSP90. We found that treatment of ${\gamma}$-oryzanol induced the expression of PTEN in AGS cells. Under the same treatment conditions, ${\gamma}$-oryzanol reduced the expression of HSP90 in AGS cells. These results suggest that ${\gamma}$-oryzanol-induced apoptosis was accompanied by changes in regulation of PTEN and HSP90 in AGS cells. Taken together, ${\gamma}$-oryzanol could be used as a functional substance for the prevention of gastric cancer.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.331-336
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• 2006

미강으로부터 추출한 ${\gamma}$-oryzanol을 소시지 제조시 0.05%, 0.10% 또는 0.20%(w/w) 수준으로 첨가하여 ${\gamma}$-oryzanol을 첨가하지 않은 대조구 소시지와 이화학적 및 관능적 특성을 비교하였다. ${\gamma}$-oryzanol을 첨가한 소시지는 색도 측정에서 대조구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높은 CIE $L^*$ 값과 $a^*$ 값을 나타냈다(p<0.05). 또한 ${\gamma}$-oryzanol을 첨가하여 제조한 소시지가 조직 특성에서 유의적으로 낮은 경도 및 씹힙성을 나타낸 반면 응집성과 탄력성에서는 유의적인 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다(p>0.05). 항산화력을 측정하기 위하여 ${\gamma}$-oryzanol을 첨가한 소시지와 첨가하지 않은 대조구 소시지를 $4^{\circ}C$에서 18일간 저장하면서 TBARS 값을 분석한 결과 저장 초기에는 처리구와 대조구 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으나 저장 12일째부터 ${\gamma}$-oryzanol을 >0.05% 첨가한 처리구가 첨가하지 않은 대조구와 비교하여 유의적으로 낮은 TBARS 값을 나타냈다(p<0.05). 따라서 소시지 제조시 미강으로부터 추출한 ${\gamma}$-oryzanol 첨가가 가능할 것으로 보이며 지방 산화를 억제하는데도 효과적일 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.347-351
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the supplementary effects of ${\gamma}$-oryzanol extracted from rice bran on lipid metabolism in diabetic mice. We supplied 2 kinds of experimental diets (CO without and GO with 0.2％ ${\gamma}$-oryzanol) to diabetic mice for 8 weeks. Diet intake, body weight, organ weight, contents of serum and hepatic lipid profiles, and fecal lipid levels were measured. Though there was no significant difference in diet intake, body weight change and organ weight between experimental groups, the concentration of serum total cholesterol and hepatic total lipid, total cholesterol and HMG-CoA reductase activity was significantly lower in GO group treated with 0.2％ ${\gamma}$-oryzanol of diet than CO group after supplementary period of experimental diets. And total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and bile acid levels excreted to feces were significantly higher in GO group than CO group. These results suggest that ${\gamma}$-oryzanol decrease the serum and hepatic lipid levels by lowing HMG-CoA reductase activity or increasing the contents of fecal lipid in diabetic KK mice.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.499-504
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• 2012

흑진주벼, 추청벼, 신동진벼의 현미상태에서 ethanol을 이용하여 ${\gamma}$-oryzanol 추출물을 제조한 다음, 이들의 조성 및 함량을 HPLC로 분석하고 생리활성을 측정하여 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 인용문헌을 바탕으로 총 10종의 개별 성분을 분리 및 확인하였으며, 이 중 cycloartenyl ferulate, 24-methylenecycloartanyl ferulate, campesteryl ferulate, sitosteryl ferulate이 주요 성분으로 확인되었다. ${\gamma}$-Oryzanol 총함량은 흑진주벼, 추청벼, 신동진벼의 순으로 나타났으며, 이들 ${\gamma}$-oryzanol 추출물에 대한 DPPH 라디칼 소거율, 콜레스테롤 저하 효과, 항균효과 역시 흑진주벼, 추청벼, 신동진벼 순으로 나타나 ${\gamma}$-oryzanol이 이들 활성에 있어서 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 판단되었다. 특히 항산화 효과에 있어 합성항산화제와 비교하였을 때 전반적으로 매우 높게 나타나, 이러한 결과들을 바탕으로 현미에 함유된 ${\gamma}$-oryzanol이 식품, 제약, 의료 분야 등 다방면에서 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.827-831
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• 2004

본 연구는 쌀겨 및 쌀눈 기름에 들어 있는 ${\gamma}$-oryzano의 혈당 저하효과를 구명하기 위하여 수행하였다. 실험동물은 인슐린 비의존형 당뇨병 모델인 KK 당뇨마우스를 이용하였고, 실험식이의 0.2% 수준에서 ${\gamma}$ -oryzanol 첨가 유무에 따라 CO군과 GO군을 선정 후 8주 동안 실험식이를 급여하였다. 실험결과 실험식이 섭취량, 체중변화,장기의 무게는 실험군 사이에 차이가 없었으나, GO군에서 실험식이 급여 5주부터 공복혈당의 감소를 보였고, 내당능이 개선되어 혈당면적이 유의하게 낮은 수준을 보였다. 장기간의 혈당상태 지표인 당화혈색소가 실험군 사이에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나 GO군에서 감소하는 경향을 보였고, 인슐린 수준은 ${\gamma}$-oryzanol을 섭취한 GO에서 높은 경향을 보였다. 따라서 ${\gamma}$ -oryzanol은 혈청 인슐린 수준을 높이고 혈당 농도 감소 효과가 있는 것으로 보이나, 실험식이 급여 기간의 변화 및 ${\gamma}$-oryzano의 첨가 수준에 따른 혈당 저하 효과 검토 등이 보완되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.5421-5425
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• 2013

Background: To assess the antioxidant effects of gamma-oryzanol on human prostate cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Cytotoxic activity of gamma-oryzanol on human DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells was determined by proliferation assay using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol, 2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reagent. mRNA levels of genes involved in the intracellular antioxidant system, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GSR) were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Cancer cell lysates were used to measure lipid peroxidation using thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS). Glutathione contents of the cell lysates were estimated by the reaction between sulfhydryl group of 5, 5'-dithio (bis) nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) to produce a yellow-color of 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid using colorimetric assay. Catalase activity was also analysed by examining peroxidative function. Protein concentration was estimated by Bradford's assay. Results: All concentrations of gamma-oryzanol, 0.1-2.0mg/ml, significantly inhibited cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent fashion in both prostate cancer cell lines, DU145 and PC3. Gene expression of catalase in DU145 and PC3 exposed to gamma-orizanol at 0.5mg/ml for 14 days was down regulated, while mRNA of GPX was also down regulated in PC3. The MDA and glutathione levels including catalase activity in the cell lysates of DU145 and PC3 treated with gamma-oryzanol 0.1 and 0.5mg/ml were generally decreased. Conclusions: This study highlighted effects of gamma-oryzanol via the down-regulation of antioxidant genes, catalase and GPX, not cytotoxic roles. This might be interesting for adjuvant chemotherapy to make prostate cancer cells more sensitive to free radicals. It might be useful for the reduction of cytotoxic agents and cancer chemoprevention.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 1997

미강에 함유된 약리성분인 ${\gamma}-oryzanol$ 함량을 검정하여 용도 다양화 연구의 기초 자료를 제공코자 시험을 수행한 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. Soxhlet 추출장치에서 얻은 미강유에서 유리 sterol과 ferulic acid ester가 분리되었다. 유리 sterol은 GC-MS에 의하여 campesterol, ${\beta}-sitosterol$ 및 stigmasterol로 구성되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. ferulic acid ester는 알칼리 가수분해에 의하여 얻어지는 검화분해물을 분리용 TLC로 분리하여 triterpene과 sterol을 얻었다. sterol은 GC-MS 측정으로 유리 sterol과 같은 조성임을 알았으며 triterpene은 cycloartanol, cycloartenol, 24-methylenecycloartanol 및 미지의 triterpene로 구성되었다. 미강유나 pitch 중 ferulic acid ester의 흡광도를 기준으로 ${\gamma}-oryzanol$의 함량을 평가한다면 큰 오차는 없으리라 생각된다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.98-104
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• 2015

BACKGROUND: ${\gamma}$-Oryzanol, a mixture of ferulic acid esters of triterpene alcohols and sterols, are a nutritionally important group of rice secondary metabolites. The ${\gamma}$-Oryzanol content and composition were found to vary with enviromental factors such as growth temperature, varietal origin, and cultivation method. Therefore, the effect of green manure treatments will be also be an important factor in their content. METHODS AND RESULTS: The ${\gamma}$-Oryzanols extracted using dichloromethane/methanol were analyzed equipped liquid chromatography with a diode array detector. A total of ten components of ${\gamma}$-oryzanol including ${\Delta}7$-stigmastenyl ferulate were isolated of which, cycloartenyl ferulate, 24-methylenecycloartanyl ferulate, campesteryl ferulate and sitosteryl ferulate were identified as the major components in Korean rice variety, Unkwang. The ${\gamma}$-oryzanol content in rice, in the presence of nitrogen fertilization using green manure was similar to conventional nitrogen fertilization, but was higher than the control(no fertilizations). The ${\gamma}$-oryzanol ontent in rice, in the presence of hairy vetch as green manure crop was the highest compared to other crops (opium-poppy, crimson clover, cornflower). As a result of PLS-DA using SIMCA 11.0 ver. as multivariate analysis program on the basis of total data, in all samples, the specific pattern and cluster of ${\gamma}$-oryzanol scores according to green manure crops and conditions were confirmed with possible distinguishing nitrogen effects. CONCLUSION: The nitrogen contained in the green manure crops is considered to play a major role in the formation of ${\gamma}$-oryzanol. Hairy vetch which contains higher nitrogen increased the concentration of ${\gamma}$-oryzanol in rice.