• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.3603-3609
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• 2011

A novel sampling method of the headspace poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) mini-disk extraction (HS-PDE) was developed, optimized, validated and applied for the GC/MS analysis of spices flavors. A prototype PDMS mini-disk (8 mm outer diameter, 0.157 mm thickness, 9.4 mg weight) has been designed and fabricated as a sorption device. The technique uses a small PDMS mini-disk and very small volume of organic solvent and less sample size than the solvent extraction. This new HS-PDE method is very simple to use, inexpensive, rapid, requires less labor. Linearities of calibration curves for ${\alpha}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-pinene, limonene and ${\gamma}$-terpinene by HS-PDE combined with GC/MS were excellent having $r^2$ values greater than 0.99 at the dynamic range of 6.06~3500 ng/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) showed very low values. This method exhibited good precision and accuracy. The overall extraction efficiency of this method was evaluated by using partition coefficients ($K_p$) and concentration factors (CF) for several characteristic components from nutmeg and mace. Partition coefficients were in the range from $2.04{\times}10^4$ to $4.42{\times}10^5$, while CF values were 0.88-15.03. HS-PDE was applied successfully for the analysis of flavors compositions from nutmeg, mace and cumin. The HS-PDE method is a very promising sampling technique for the characterization of volatile flavors.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.468-476
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• 2020

The bone cement used for vertebroplasty must be sufficiently injectable. The introduction of granules reduces the amount of liquid required for liquefaction, implying that higher fluidity is achieved with the same amount of liquid. By employing β-tricalcium phosphate granules with an average diameter of 50 ㎛, changes in injectability are observed based on the paste preparation route and granular fraction. To obtain acceptable injectability, phase separation must be suppressed during injection, and sufficient capillary pressure to combine powder and liquid must work evenly throughout the paste. To achieve this, the granules should be evenly distributed. Reduced injection rates are observed for dry mixing and excessive granular content, owing to phase separation. All these correspond to conditions under which the clustered granules weakened the capillary pressure. The injected ratio of the paste formed by wet mixing displayed an inverted U-type shift with the granular fraction. The mixture of granules and powder resulted in an increase in the solid volume fraction, and a decrease in the liquid limit. This resulted in the enhancement of the liquidity, owing to the added liquid. It is inferred that the addition of granules improves the injectability, provided that the capillary pressure in the paste is maintained.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.409-415
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• 2015

콘크리트충전강관(Concrete Filled Steel Tube, CFST) 기둥 설계 시, 강관의 국부좌굴을 방지하기 위하여 강관두께 t에 대한 기둥외경 D의 크기를 제한하고 있다. 각각의 설계시방서에서 각기 다른 최대 D/t값을 제안하고 있으며, 강재의 항복응력 $f_y$, 또는 $f_y$와 강재의 탄성계수 E의 식으로 표현된다. $f_y$와 E의 불확실성을 고려할 경우, 최대 D/t 계산식을 포함한 한계상태함수(limit state function)를 구성하여 CFST 단면의 국부좌굴에 대한 신뢰성지수(reliability index) ${beta}$를 산정할 수 있다. 결정된 ${beta}$는 사용된 최대 D/t 계산식에 따라 달라질 것이다. 이러한 신뢰성해석(reliability analysis) 결과의 가변성(variability)은 한계상태함수에 포함되는 전산모델 선택의 모호함(ambiguity)에서 기인한 것으로 모델링불확실성(modelling uncertainty)이라 한다. 모델링불확실성은 정보적불확실성(epistemic uncertainty)의 하나로 알려진 불명확성(non-specificity)으로 고려할 수 있으며, 불명확성은 가능성분포함수(possibility distribution function)를 사용하여 모델링할 수 있다. 본 연구 에서는 다른 3개의 최대 D/t 계산식을 사용하여 주어진 CFST 단면의 국부좌굴에 대한 신뢰성해석을 수행하고 각각의 신뢰성지수를 계산할 것이다. 불명확한 신뢰성지수들은 가능성분포함수를 사용하여 모델링되고, 이로부터 확신정도(degree of confirmation)를 측정할 것이다. 확신정도는 신뢰성지수가 감소하면 증가한다. 결과적으로, 확신정도에 따라 재구성된 신뢰성지수들을 얻을 수 있으며, 허용 확신정도와 함께 CFST 단면의 국부좌굴에 대한 신뢰성지수의 결정이 가능하게 된다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.281-288
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• 2002

Recombinant Escherichia coli strain harboring the ${\lambda}$pR-pL promotor and heterologus poly-${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) biosynthesis genes was used to investigate the effect of culture conditions on the efficient PHB production. The expression of phb genes was induced by a temperature upshift from $33^{\circ}C\;to\;38^{\circ}C$. The protein expression levels were measured by using two-dimensional electrophoresis, and the enzyme activities were also measured to understand the effect of culture temperature, carbon sources, and the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration on the metabolic regulations. AcetylCoA is an important branch point for PHB production. The decrease in DO concentration lowers the citrate synthase activity, thus limit the flux toward the TCA cycle, and increase the flux for PHB production. Since NADPH is required for PHB production, the PHB production does not continue leading the overproduction of acetate and lac-tate. Based on these observations, a new operation was considered where DO concentration was changed periodically, and it was verified its usefulness for the efficient PHB production by experiments.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.1382-1390
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• 1990

본 연구에서는 Yang의 이론을 바탕으로 여러가지 원형집중하중을 받는 원형평 판에 관한 최대하계해를 구하고자 한다.앞서 열거한 문헌에서는 여러가지 해석법이 제시되었으나, 문제의 성격에 비하여 그 해법이 매우 복잡하였다. 본 논문에서는 원 형평판에 관한 해법으로서 전산기를 응용하여 가능한 한 단순한 해법으로 최대화기법 에 의한 완전한 해를 얻기 위한 시도를 제시하고자 한다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2006

Many of endocrine disrupting chemicals induce effects via interaction with hormone receptors and responsive elements in target cells. We investigated endocrine disrupting effects of some food additives and contaminants including BHA, BHT, ethoxyquin, propionic acid, sorbic acid, benzoic acid, CPM, aflatoxin B1, cadmium chloride, genistein, TCDD and PCBs in yeast transformants expressing human steroid hormone receptors along with steroid responsive elements. The response limit of genetically recombinant yeast to $17{\beta}$-estradiol, testosterone and progesterone was $1{\times}10^{-16},\;1{\times}10^{-12}\;and\;1{\times}10^{-13}M$, respectively. BHT induced weak transcriptional activity in estrogen sensitive yeast, while BHA and sorbic acid interacted weakly with androgen receptor/responsive element. CPM induced transcriptional activities in all types of yeasts sensitive to steroid hormones. Zearalenone and genistein induced high transcriptional activation in estrogen sensitive yeast with relative potencies almost $10^8$ folds lower than $17{\beta}$-estradiol. TCDD induced transcriptional activation weakly in estrogen- and progesterone- sensitive yeasts. This study elucidated that recombinant yeast is a sensitive and high-throughput system and can be used for the direct assessment on chemical interactions with steroid receptors and responsive elements. Also, the present study raises the requirement of evaluation on the endocrine disrupting effects of BHT, BHA, sorbic acid, CPM and TCDD for their transcription activity in yeast screening system though weak in intensity.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.167-180
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• 2016

Purpose: The problem for the traditional control chart is that it is unable to monitor the very small fraction of nonconforming and the underlying distribution is the normal distribution. $Z_p$ control chart is useful where it controls the vert small fraction on nonconforming. In this study, we will design the $Z_p$ control chart in order to use under non-normal process. Methods: $Z_p$ is calculated not by failure rate based on attribute data but using variable data. Control limit for non-normal $Z_p$ control chart is designed based on ${\alpha}$-risk calculated by cumulative distribution function of Burr distribution. ${\beta}$-risk, which is for performance evaluation, obtains in the Burr distribution's cumulative distribution function and control limit. Results: The control limit for non-normal $Z_p$ control chart is designed based on Burr distribution. The sensitivity can be checked through ARL table and OC curve. Conclusion: Non-normal $Z_p$ control chart is able to control not only the very small fraction of nonconforming, but it is also useful when $Z_p$ distribution is non-normal distribution.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.187-197
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• 1984

낙동강(洛東江) 하류지역(下流地域)에서 낙동강(洛東江)물, 수도물, 토양(土壤), 저질(底質) 및 붕어와 뻘조개에 대(對)한 유기염소계살충제(有機鹽素系殺蟲劑) 농약(農藥)을 G.C-ECD로 분석(分析)하였다. 수중(水中) 잔류염소계(殘留鹽素系) 농약중(農藥中) 주(主)로 BHC만 검출되었는데, 이들 농약(農藥)의 잔류농도(殘留濃度)는 $ND{\sim}56ppt$로 공중보건(公衆保健)에 해(害)를 줄만 한 것은 아니다. 낙동강(洛東江)물과 수도물의 월별(月別) total BHC 농도(濃度)는 여름이 높고 겨울로 갈수록 낮았으며, 강수량(降水量)과는 약(弱)한 양의 상관성(相關性)을 나타냈다. 토양(土壤)에서 ${\alpha}-BHC$와 ${\beta}-BHC$는 $ND{\sim}3.3ppb$ 및 $ND{\sim}769.7ppb$이었으며 저질(底質)에서 ${\alpha}-BHC$와 ${\beta}-BHC$는 $ND{\sim}2.0ppb,\;ND{\sim}409.9bbp$이었다. 각(各) 지점(地點)에서 저질(底質)로의 total BHC 농축계수(濃縮係數)는 $83{\sim}3,218$이었고, 강열감량(强熱減量)과는 양(量)의 상관성(相關性)이 있었다. 붕어에서 ${\beta}-BHC$와 total BHC의 농축계수(濃縮係數)는 각각 2,619와 435 그리고 뻘조개에서 두가지 BHC 잔류성분(殘留成分)의 농축계수(濃縮係數)는 각각 3,261과 375였다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.23-32
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• 1983

본 연구에서는 Aspergillus niger KG79에서 두종류의 D-xylanase를 분리.정제하여 그 특성을 규명하였다. 이 두 종류의 D-xylanase의 물리화학적 및 동력학적 특성은 큰 차이가 없었다. 이들 Xylanase는 D-Xylan으로부터 Xylose, Xylobiose와 Xylotriose를 분해 생성하였다. 그러나 보리짚 Xylan을 기질로 사용했을 경우에는 Xylanase I 은 II보다 측쇄 arabinose를 상당히 빨리 분해하였다. 이들 효소에 의한 Xylan의 분해도는 기질의 종류에 따라 차이가 나서 보리짚 Xylan과 larchwood Xylan의 분해도는 각각 10%와 25%(환원당량) 정도로 나타났다. 순수정제된 Xylanase와 $\beta$-Xylosidase를 사용하여 재조합한 Xylanase계의 기질분해력을 비교한 결과 최적조건에서 보리짚과 larchwood Xylan은 각각 28%와 54%씩 분해 전환되었다. 이러한 결과는 Xylan의 효소분해도의 제한요소는 기질의 물리적 특성의 차이에 기인함을 추정할 수 있었다.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.54-68
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• 2002

PEBP2/CBF (Polyomavirus Enhancer-core Binding Protein 2/Core Binding Factor), represents a new family of heterodimeric transcription factor. Those members play important roles in hematopoiesis and osteogenesis in mouse and human. PEBP2/CBF is a sequence-specific DNA binding protein. Each member of the PEBP2/CBF family of transcription factors is composed of two subunits, ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$. The evolutionarily conserved 128 amino acid region in ${\alpha}$ subunit has been called the Runt domain, which harbors two different activities, the ability to bind DNA and interact with the ${\beta}$ subunit. Recently, cDNA clones encoding the C. elegans Runt domain were isolated by screening a cDNA library. This gene was referred to run (Runt homologous gene). In this study, the basic experiments for the structural characterization of RUN protein were performed using spectroscopic methods. We have identified the structural properties of RUN using bioinformatics, CD and NMR. The limit temperature of the structural stability was up to 60$^{\circ}C$ with irreversible thermal process, and the structure of RUN seems to adopt ${\alpha}$ helices and one or more ${\beta}$ sheet or turn. The degree of NMR peak dispersion and intensity was increased by addition of glycine. Therefore, glycine could be used to alleviate the aggregation property of RUN in NMR experiment.