• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.906-912
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• 2016

${\beta}$-Glucan은 효모나 버섯의 세포벽이나 곡물의 섬유에 들어있는 천연 화합물이며, 면역 시스템을 활성화 한다고 알려져 있다. Aureobasidium pullulans 수용성의 ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan을 생성한다. 본 연구에서는 A. pullulans 로부터 생성된 ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan의 면역활성에 관한 효과를 조사하기 위하여, 면역활성에 관여하는 NK 세로의 활성과 대식세포에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. NK 세포에 의한 Yac-1 세포의 사멸율은 ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan을 처리한 군은 처리하지 않은 대조군에 비하여 63-39% 증가하는 것으로 나타났고, 대식세포의 탐식작용은 zymosan을 처리한 군보다 15-21% 증가함을 보였다. LP-BM5 바이러스 복제 억제능을 확인하기 위하여 SC-1/LP-BM5 세포주에 ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan을 처리한 결과 $200{\mu}g/mL$ 처리에서 LP-BM5 바이러스 복제능이 최대 74% 유의적으로 감소하였다. 이 결과는 ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan이 면역활성에 관여하는 NK 세포와 대식세포를 활성화하여 면역체계가 민감하게 반응할 수 있도록 만들고, LP-BM5 바이러스 복제를 억제하여 면역력을 증진할 수 있다는 것을 보여준다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 아토피 피부염 동물 모델에 대한 ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan과 L. plantarum LM1004의 면역조절 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 가려움증의 횟수와 유출된 evans blue, 그리고 혈청 IgE와 histamine의 농도는 ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan과 L. plantarum LM1004를 섭취한 그룹에서 아토피 피부염 유발그룹에 비해 유의적으로 감소하는 결과를 나타내었다. 아토피 피부염이 유발되면 전사 수준에서 Th2 및 Th17 세포의 전사인자 및 cytokine은 과발현되며, ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan과 L. plantarum LM1004를 섭취하였을 때 이를 유의적으로 감소되었다. 또한 ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan과 L. plantarum LM1004는 Th1 및 Treg 세포의 전사인자(T-bet, GATA-3, $ROR{\gamma}T$, Foxp3) 및 cytokine (INF-${\gamma}$, IL-4, IL-17, TGF-${\beta}$)의 발현을 증가시킴으로써 면역 균형을 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. Galectin-9과 filaggrin은 아토피피부염 유발 처리군에서 유의적으로 가장 낮았으며, ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan 처리군에서 유의적으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 이와 반대로 TSLP는 아토피 피부염 유발그룹에서 유의적으로 가장 높았으며 ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan과 L. plantarum LM1004를 섭취한 그룹은 대조군과 유사한 수준이었다. 이러한 결과를 통해 ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan과 L. plantarum LM1004는 아토피 피부염 동물 모델에서 면역조절 작용 및 아토피 피부염의 개선 효과를 가짐을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan과 L. plantarum LM1004는 아토피 피부염에 유용한 천연소재로서 사용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.218-223
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• 2006

We examined the effects of ${\beta}$-glucan-reinforced PLGA film and scaffold on HDFs (human dermal fibroblast) attachment and proliferation. The PLGA films were prepared by simple solvent-casting method. The prepared films were grafted with $(1{\to}3)(1{\to}6)-{\beta}-glucan$ in various ratios after plasma treatment on surface. The surface of the film was characterized by contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR). The amount of $(1{\to}3)(1{\to}6)-{\beta}-glucan$ in the prepared film was indirectly determined by phenol-sulfuric acid method. The HDFs (Human dermal fibroblasts) were used to evaluate the cell attachment and proliferation on PLGA specimens before and after plasma/${\beta}-glucan$ treatment. The result showed that the plasma treated groups exhibited more mont of ${\beta}-glucan$ might be grafted than the non plasma treated groups. Cell attachment was significantly enhanced in the plasma/${\beta}-glucan$ grafted group after 4 hours incubation (p<0.05) due to the improved hydrophilicity and cytoactivity effect of the ${\beta}-glucan$. The cell proliferation of plasma/${\beta}-glucan$ (2mg/ml) grafted group was the highest rate among the groups (p<0.05).

• KSBB Journal
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.376-380
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• 2002

항암, 항콜레스테롤, 항산화 및 면역증강 효과와 피부재생 효과 등 여러 가지 생리활성이 밝혀지고 있는 $\beta$-1,3/1,6-글루칸은 크게 식물성 유래, 효모 및 곰팡이 유래, 버섯 유래의 것으로 등으로 분류할 수 있다. 풀루란을 생산하는 Aureobasidum pullulans ATCC 42023에 자외선을 조사하여 얻은 변이주인 Aureobasidum puiluian SM-2001 균주가 생산하여 체외로 분비하는 고분자 중합체를 핵자기 공명분석기로 분석한 결과, $\beta$-1,3- 및 $\beta$-1,6- 결합이 서로 혼재되어 있는 $\beta$-1,3/1,6-글루칸의 전형적인 구조임을 확인하였으며, 평균 분자량은 2.6$\times$$10^{5}$ 임을 확인하였다. 또한, $\beta$-1,3/1,6-글루칸의 생산에 최적인 탄소원이 설탕임을 확인하였으며, 0.5% (w/v)의 설탕을 탄소원으로 사용하였을 경우 약 50%의 변환율로 $\beta$-1,3/l,6-글루칸을 생산할 수 있었다. 이는 생물공학적인 방법으로 $\beta$-1,3/l,6-글루칸의 생산을 의미하며 저렴한 생산비로 대량 생산할 수 있는 방법의 개발을 의미한다한다

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.707-714
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• 2008

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan on growth performance, immunity and endocrine responses of weanling piglets. One hundred and eighty weanling piglets (Landrace$\times$Large White, $7.20{\pm}0.25kg$ BW and $28{\pm}2$ d of age) were randomly fed 1 of 5 treatment diets containing dietary ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan supplemented at 0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg for 4 wks. Each treatment was replicated in 6 pens containing 6 pigs per pen. On d 14 and 28, body weight gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency were recorded as measures of growth performance. Peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation and serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) were measured to study the effect of dietary ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan supplementation on immune function. Plasma prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), growth hormone (GH) and ghrelin were measured to investigate endocrine response to ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan supplementation. Our results suggest that average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency had a quadratic increase trend with dietary ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan supplementation from d 14 to 28, whereas it had no significant effect on average daily feed intake (ADFI). The treatment group fed with 50 mg/kg dietary ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan supplementation showed a numerical increase in ghrelin, a similar change trend with ADG and no significant effect on GH. Lymphocyte proliferation indices, serum IgG and plasma PGE2 concentrations varied linearly with dietary supplementation levels of ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan on d 14. Higher levels of ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan may have a transient immuno-enhancing effect on the cellular and humoral immune function of weanling piglets via decreased PGE2. Taking into account both immune response and growth performance, the most suitable dietary supplementation level of ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan is 50 mg/kg for weanling piglets.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제19권3호통권31호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2006

항암, 항콜레스테롤, 항산화 및 면역증가 효과와 피부재생 효과 등 여러 가지 생리활성이 밝혀지고 있는 ${\beta}-1,3/1,6-glucan$은 크게 식물성 유래, 효모 및 곰팡이, 버섯유래의 것으로 등으로 분류할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이처럼 다양한 효능을 나타내는 버섯균사체로부터 ${\beta}-glucan$를 다량함유하고 보다 쉽게, 대량으로 생산하기 위한 일환으로 연구를 하였다. 이때 고분자 중합체인 ${\beta}-glucan$을 분리하여 핵자기 공명분석기로 분석한 결과 ${\beta}-1,3-$ 및 ${\beta}-1,6-$결합이 혼재되어 있는 ${\beta}-1,3/{\beta}1,6-glucan$의 전형적인 구조임을 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한 ${\beta}-1,3/{\beta}1,6-glucan$의 함량을 gel permeation chromatography으로 분석한 결과 $766{\pm}0.19$ mg/g 함유되었음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한 항생재 내성균주인 MRSA의 항균효과를 측정한 결과 MIC가 18mg/mL임을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이 연구결과는 통하여 효과적인 생산방법과 효능을 접목시켜 보다 저렴한 생산비로 대량 생산할 수 있는 방법을 개발할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2006년도 Proceedings of The Convention
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• pp.103-115
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• 2006

$\beta$-Glucan is a glucose polymer that has linkage of $\beta$-(1,3), -(1,4) and -(1,6). As exclusively found in fungal and bacterial cell wall, not in animal, $\beta$-glucans are recognized by innate immune system. Dendritic cells (DC) or macrophages possesses pattern recognition molecule (PRM) for binding $\beta$-glucan as pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP). Recently $\beta$-glucan receptor was cloned from DC and named as dectin-l which belongs to type II C-type lectin family. Human dectin-1 is consisted of 7 exons and 6 introns. The polypeptide of dectin-1 has 247 amino acids and has cytoplasmic, transmembrane, stalk and carbohydrate recognition domains. Dectin-1 could recognize variety of beta-1,3 and/or beta-1,6 glucan linkages, but not alpha-glucans. In our macrophage cell line culture system, dectin-1 mRNA was detected in RA W264.7 cells by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Dectin-1 was also detected in the murine organs of spleen, thymus, lung and intestines. Treatment of RA W264.7 cells with $\beta$-glucans of Ganoderma lucidum (GLG) resulted in increased expression of IL-6 and TNF-$\alpha$ in the presence of LPS. However, GLG alone did not increase IL-6 nor TNF-$\alpha$. These results suggest that receptor dectin-1 cooperate with CD14 to activate signal transduction that is very critical in immunoresponse.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.110-118
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• 2015

This study was performed to investigate changes in the content and purity, as well as physical characteristics of ${\beta}$-glucan extracted from acid hydrolyzed whole grain barleys. Waxy and non-waxy barleys (Hordeum vulgare) were hydrolyzed with different concentrations of HCl (0.1~0.5 N) for 1 h. As the HCl concentration increased, the contents of total and soluble ${\beta}$-glucan from acid hydrolyzed barley decreased. However the ratio of soluble/total ${\beta}$-glucan content and purities of ${\beta}$-glucan significantly increased. The ratio of ${\beta}-(1{\rightarrow}4)/{\beta}-(1{\rightarrow}3)$ linkages, molecular weight, and viscosity of soluble ${\beta}$-glucan of raw barleys were 2.28~2.52, $6.0{\sim}7.0{\times}10^5g/mol$, and 12.8~32.8 centipoise (cP). Those of isolated soluble ${\beta}$-glucan were significantly decreased to 2.05~2.15, $6.6{\sim}7.8{\times}10^3g/mol$, and 3.6~4.2 cP, respectively, with increasing acid concentration. The re-solubility of raw barley ${\beta}$-glucan was about 50%, but increased to 97% with increasing acid concentration. Acid hydrolysis was shown to be an effective method to produce ${\beta}$-glucan with high ratio of soluble ${\beta}$-glucan content, purity, water solubility, and low viscosity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.1558-1564
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• 2019

Objective: This study investigated the effects of 1,3-1,6 beta-glucan added to the diet of Haidong chicks reared under hypoxic conditions, to ascertain the growth performances, immunity and intestinal morphology changes. Methods: A total of 750 chicks were divided into five groups and fed diets containing 0.5 g/kg, 1.0 g/kg, and 2.0 g/kg 1,3-1,6 beta-glucan from yeast (G1, G2, G3, respectively), 0.2 g/kg Taylor rhizomorph and a control feed. Results: The body weight and body weight gain were higher in chicks fed 1,3-1,6 beta-glucan and Taylor rhizomorph than in control group. Feed conversion ratio significantly differed for G2 and G3 groups in comparison to control group. The relative weight of bursa was higher in G1, G2, and G3 groups. The white blood cells and lymphocytes were significantly increased in groups fed 1,3-1,6 beta-glucan. The immunoglobulin G of serum peak appeared in the G3 group. The villous height of the duodenum was higher in 1,3-1,6 beta-glucan feed groups. In the jejunum, the villous height was higher in G2 and G3 groups and crypt depth for all the groups fed ${\beta}$-glucan. At ileum level the villous height and crypt depth was higher for groups G1, G2, and G3. Conclusion: The growth performance of Haidong chicks is improved when 10 and 20 g/kg 1,3-1,6 beta-glucan is included in the diet; hence, it is suggested that 1,3-1,6 beta-glucan be included in poultry diet to reduce and replace the use of antibiotics.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.296-300
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• 2016

The effect of different temperatures (45, 55, 65, and $75^{\circ}C$) on the extraction of ${\beta}$-glucan and the properties of extracted ${\beta}$-glucan were investigated with four different varieties of barley. Jeju naked barley, blue barley, beer barley, and black barley contained 6.85, 5.13, 3.58, and 4.16% of ${\beta}$-glucan, respectively. ${\beta}$-glucan in barley was extracted in the range of 64.88 to 93.84% depending on the extraction temperature and barley variety. The ${\beta}$-glucans in Jeju naked barley, Jeju blue barley, and black barley were optimally extracted at $65^{\circ}C$ for 3 h and Jeju beer barley at $75^{\circ}C$. The extracted ${\beta}$-glucan resolubilized to 43.48-81.73% and the ratio of ${\beta}(1{\rightarrow}3)$ to ${\beta}(1{\rightarrow}4)$ linkage was in the range of 1:3.8-5.8. These results suggest that purification and properties of ${\beta}$-glucan depend not only on the water extraction temperature, but also on the barley variety.