• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.292-295
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• 2008

Three kinds of oligosaccharides were obtained from the hydrolysate of brown copra meal galactomannan by a purified extracellular ${\beta}$-mannanase from Trichoderma sp. These oligosaccharides were identified as Man-Man, ${Gal^2}{Man_3}(6^2 mono-O-{\alpha}-D-galactopyranosyl-4-O-{\beta}-D-mannotriose)$, and ${Gal^2}{Man_6}(6^2-mono-O-{\alpha}-D-galactopyranosyl-4-O-{\beta}-D-mannohexaose)$, where Gal- and Man-represent ${\alpha}$-1,6-D-galactosidic and ${\beta}$-1,4-mannosidic linkages, respectively. The mode of action of ${\beta}$-mannanase on brown copra meal galactomannan is described on the basis of the structure of these oligosaccharides.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.1014-1019
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ${\beta}$-mannanase supplementation on digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) contents of copra expellers (CE) and palm kernel expellers (PKE) fed to pigs. Six barrows with an initial body weight of 38.0 kg (standard deviation = 1.5) were randomly allotted to a $6{\times}6$ Latin square design with 6 dietary treatments and 6 periods. Six experimental diets were prepared in a $3{\times}2$ factorial treatment arrangement with 3 diets of a corn-soybean meal-based diet, a CE 30% diet, and a PKE 30% diet and with 2 concentrations of supplemental ${\beta}$-mannanase at 0 or 2,400 U/kg. All diets had the same proportion of corn:soybean meal ratio at 2.88:1. The marker-to-marker procedure was used for fecal and urine collection with 4-d adaptation and 5-d collection periods. No interactive effects were observed between diet and ${\beta}$-mannanase on energy digestibility and DE and ME contents of experimental diets. However, diets containing CE or PKE had less (p<0.05) DE and ME contents compared with the corn-soybean meal-based diet. The DE and ME contents in CE and PKE were not affected by supplemental ${\beta}$-mannanase. Taken together, we failed to find the effect of ${\beta}$-mannanase supplementation on energy utilization in CE and PKE fed to pigs.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.232-237
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• 1998

${eta}$-Mannan polymer 분해 효소를 다랑 생산하는 균주를 토양으로부터 분리하고 분리균의 형태적 내지는 생화학적 특성을 조사 분석하여 Sporolactobacillus sp. M201로 동정하였다. Sporolactobacillus sp. M20l 분리균은 locust bean gum을 탄소원으로 사용, 배양했을 때 세포외 ${eta}$-mannanase그리고 세포내 ${eta}$-mannosidase와 ${alpha}$-galactosidase을 다량 생산하는 것으로 확인되었다. 효소 생산 최적 배지와 최적 배양 조건은 ${eta}$-mannanase 생산에는 2.0% locust bean gum, 0.5% peptone, 0.2% KH$_2$PO$_4$, 80 mg/l MgSO$_4$ 및 8 mg/l ZnSO$_4$ 배지 (pH 6.0)와 37$^{\circ}C$이었고 그리고 ${eta}$-mannosidase 생산은 질소원으로 peptone 대신 0.5% yeast extract를 첨가한 상기 배지(pH 5.0)와 3$0^{\circ}C$에서 배양했을 때 가장 높았다. 이상의 각 효소의 최적 생산 조건에서 각각 30시간과 24시간 진탕배양 했을때 ${eta}$-mannanase(10.6 units/ml)와 ${eta}$-mannosidase(1.35 units/ml)의 최고 생산량을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary ${\beta}$-mannanase supplementation and palm kernel meal (PKM) inclusion (5%) on laying performance, egg quality and nutrient utilizability of laying hens with 73 weeks of age. A total of 240 Lohmann brown laying hens with average 77.5% egg production were randomly allocated with 60 hens per treatment, 4 replicates per treatment and 15 hens per replicate. Experimental design was a completely randomized design with $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement, with the factors being (1) two levels of PKM (0 vs. 5%) and (2) with or without dietary ${\beta}$-mannanase (480 IU/kg of diet CTCzyme$^{(R)}$) supplementation. All hens were housed in cages ($35cmW{\times}35cmD{\times}40cmH$) with 2 hens per cage for six weeks feeding trial. Laying performance was recorded daily during feeding trial. Egg quality, nutrients utilizability and blood assays were done at the end of feeding trial. Egg production was improved (P<0.05) by both dietary PKM inclusion and ${\beta}$-mannanase combined supplementation. Either ${\beta}$-mannanase or PKM did not affect feed intakes and feed conversion ratio of all diets. Egg weight of hens fed diet containing 5% of PKM had heavier (P<0.05) eggs compared with hens fed without PKM. Albumen height was improved (P<0.05) by dietary mannanase supplementation. Crude fat utilization of 5% PKM diet was higher than that of no PKM diet regardless of ${\beta}$-mannanase supplementation. Both DM and total carbohydrate utilization were decreased (P<0.05) in hens fed 5% PKM diet. Serum IgG and yolk IgY contents of PKM groups were lower (P<0.05) than those of no PKM groups. This result showed that 5% PKM diet, independent of dietary ${\beta}$-mannanase supplementation, was able to improve egg production. In addition, dietary ${\beta}$-mannanase supplementation could be used for improving the albumen height of eggs.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.347-351
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• 2004

Hydrolysis of manno-oligosaccharides and galactomannan was studied with the purified Bacillus subtilis WL-7 mannanase from recombinant Eschericoli. The predominant products of hydrolysis were mannose, mannobiose and mannotriose. The enzyme could hydrolyze $\beta$-1 A-linked manno-oligosaccharides larger than mannobiose, but was not active on mannobiose. When the mannanase hydrolyzed manno-oligo saccharides of degree of polymerization(DP) 4-6, it was more active on the substrate of higher DP. Based on analysis of transient reaction products by TLC, the enzyme was found to have a preference for internal $\beta$-IA-mannosidic linkages, which are the central mannosidic bond of mannotetraose and the two middle mannosidic bonds of mannopentaose. The $\beta$-l A-mannosidic bonds situated at the second and fourth positions from the nonreducing end of mannohexaose were preferenhydrolyzed by the mannanase. Locust bean gum(LBG) was enzymatically hydrolyzed with higher efficiency than guar gum, resulting that amount of reducing sugars was liberated more efficiently from LBG than guar gum with same activity of mannanase.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.364-369
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• 2005

Trichoderma harzianum이 생산하는 ${\beta}-mannanase$의 최적 사면배지조성은 2.0% malt extract, 2.0% glucose, 0.1% peptone, 2.0% agar로, 효소생산 배지조성은 3.0% cellulose, 3.0% C.S.L, 1% $KH_2PO_4$, 0.2% $(NH_4){_2}SO_4$로 결정되어 $28^{\circ}C$, 130 rpm, 진탕배양법으로 조효소액을 생산하였다. ${\beta}-mannanase$의 최적 pH와 최적온도는 pH 4.5, $60^{\circ}C$에서 최대 상대활성을 나타내었다. Locust bean gum에 대한 효소적 가수분해 pattern을 TLC에 의해 검토한 결과 반응초기부터 반응말기까지 주요 생성물은 단당류, 중합도 4와 7의 올리고당으로 확인되었다. 중합도별 올리고당을 조제하기 위하여 activated carbon column chromatography에 250 ml/hr유속으로 tube당 20 ml씩 ethanol $0{\sim}50%$의 gradient법으로 분리 회수하였고, 분리된 각각의 올리고당 중 중합도4는 TLC $R_f$ value상으로 ${\beta}-1,4-mannotetraose$로, 중합도 7은 Methylation method에 의해 M-M-M-M-M 구조로 //G-G 동정되었다. (G-와 M-은 각각 ${\alpha}-1,6-D-galactosidic,\;{\beta}-1,4-mannosidic$ 결합을 나타냄). Bifidobacterium longum에 대한 생육활성을 기존의 MRS media와 탄소원으로 중합도 4와 7의 올리고당으로 대체하였을때 3.4배, 4.3배의 생육활성이 증가하였고, Bifidobacterium bifidum에 대해서는 1.2배, 1.1배의 낮은 활성을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제59권7호
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• pp.19.1-19.10
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• 2017

Background: To reduce use of main feed ingredient like corn, soy bean meal (SBM) and wheat, alternative ingredients has been studied like copra meal (CM). Production amount of CM which has been high makes CM to be an alternative feed stuff. However, low digestibility on AA and low energy content by high fiber content can be an obstacle for using CM. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of CM supplementation with ${\beta}$-mannanase on growth performance, blood profile, nutrient digestibility, pork quality and economic analysis in growing-finishing pigs. Methods: A total of 100 growing pigs ([Yorkshire ${\times}$ Landrace] ${\times}$ Duroc) averaging $31.22{\pm}2.04kg$ body weight were allotted to 5 different treatments by weight and sex in a randomized complete block (RCB) design in 5 replicate with 4 pigs per pen. Treatments were 1) Control (corn-SBM based diet + 0.1% of ${\beta}$-mannanase (800 IU)), 2) CM10 (10% copra meal + 0.1% ${\beta}$-mannanase (800 IU)), 3) CM15 (15% copra meal + 0.1% ${\beta}$-mannanase (800 IU)), 4) CM20 (20% copra meal + 0.1% ${\beta}$-mannanase (800 IU)) and 5) CM25 (25% copra meal + 0.1% ${\beta}$-mannanase (800 IU)). Four phase feeding program was used: growing I (week 1-3), growing II (week 4-6), finishing I (week 7-9) and finishing II (week 10-12). Results: In growth performance, there was no significant difference among treatments during whole experimental period. In growingI phase, G:F ratio tended to increase when CM was increased (P = 0.05), but ADG and ADFI tended to decrease in finishingII phase (linear, P = 0.08). Also, increasing CM reduced ADG (linear, P = 0.02) and feed efficiency (linear, P = 0.08) during the whole finishing period. In blood profiles, BUN was linearly increased as CM increased (linear, P = 0.02) at growingII period. In digestibility trial, there was no significant difference in dry matter, crude fat, crude ash and nitrogen digestibility. However, crude protein digestibility was decreased linearly (linear, P = 0.02). In economic analysis, feed cost per weight gain and total feed cost per pig were reduced in overall period when CM was provided by 25% (linear, P = 0.02). Conclusion: CM with 0.1% of ${\beta}$-mannanase (800 IU) could be supplemented instead of corn and SBM up to 25% without detrimental effects on growth performance and pork quality of growing-finishing pigs.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제7권
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• pp.1-13
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• 1966

(1) 콩과 식물인 guar (Cyamopsis tetragonolobus)의 발아종자(發芽種子)에서 세 가지의 다른 다당류가수분해효소(多糖類加水分解酵素)인 ${\beta}-1$, 4-mannanase A,B,C 를 추출(抽出), 유안염석(硫安鹽析), 이온교환(交換)크로마토그래휘 및 젤여과법(濾過法)에 의하여 분리(分離), 정제(精製)하였다. (2) 이들 효소(酵素)는 작용최적(作用最適) pH, 급속이온의 영향, 분자량(分子量), ior nut mannan A에 대한 Michaelis 항수(恒數), 가수분해(加水分解)의 한도(限度) 및 생성물등(生成物等) 여러 가지 점(點)에서 다르다. (3) ${\beta}-1$, 4-Mannanase A 와 C 는 기질(基質)인 ${\beta}-1$, 4-mannanase 에 random으로 작용(作用)하여 과당류(寡糖類)를 생성(生成)하는 endo형(型) 효소(酵素)임이 밝혀졌다. 한편 ${\beta}-1$, 4-mannanase B 는 같은 기질(基質)의 비환원말단기(非還元末端基)로 부터 수차로 작용(作用)하여 단당류(單糖類)를 생성(生成)하는 exo형(型) 효소(酵素)로 추리(推理)된다. (4) Guar 종자중(種子中)의 galactomannan 인 guaran에 이들 정제효소(精製酵素)를 작용(作用)시킨 결과(結果)로부터 기질(基質)의 구조(構造) 및 guar 종자(種子)의 발아중(發芽中)에 가지는 역할(役割)과 관련시켜 논의(論議)하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.204-208
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• 1992

Six kinds of oligosaccharides were obtained from the hydrolysate of copra galactomannan by a purified extracellular $beta$-mannanase from Penicillium purpurogenum. These oligosaccharides were identified as M-M, M-M-M, M-M, M-M-M-M, M-M-M-M-M and M-M-M-M-M-M; where G- and M- represent $\alpha$-l,6-D-galactosidic and $beta$-l,4-mannosidic linkages, respectively. The mode of action of mannanase on galactomannan is discussed on the basis of the structure of these oligosaccharides.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1450-1455
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• 2017

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of dietary ${\beta}-mannanase$ on productive performance, egg quality, and utilization of dietary energy and nutrients in aged laying hens raised under hot climatic conditions. Methods: A total of 320 84-wk-old Hy-line Brown aged laying hens were allotted to one of four treatments with eight replicates in a completely randomized design. Two dietary treatments with high energy (HE; 2,800 kcal/kg nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy [$AME_n$]) and low energy (LE; 2,700 kcal/kg $AME_n$) were formulated. Two additional diets were prepared by adding 0.04% (MN4) or 0.08% ${\beta}-mannanase$ (MN8) to LE treatment diets. The feeding trial was conducted for 28 d, covering a period from July to August in South Korea. The average daily room temperature and relative humidity were $29.2^{\circ}C$ and 83%, respectively. Results: Productive performance, egg quality, and cloacal temperature were not influenced by dietary treatments. The measured $AME_n$ values for MN8 diets were similar to those for HE diets, which were greater (p<0.05) than those for LE and MN4 diets. However, the $AME_n$ values for MN8 diets did not differ from those for LE and MN4 diets. Conclusion: The addition of ${\beta}-mannanase$ to low energy diets increases energy values for diets fed to aged laying hens. However, this increase has little positive impacts on performance and egg quality. These results indicate that dietary ${\beta}-mannanase$ does not mitigate the heat stress of aged laying hens raised under hot climatic conditions.