• 제목/요약/키워드: ${\beta}$-amylase

검색결과 326건 처리시간 0.028초

Phytotoxic Effect of Xanthium occidentale Leaf Extract on Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Alfalfa and Barnyard Grass

  • Chon, Sang-Uk
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제49권1호
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    • pp.30-35
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    • 2004
  • Compositae plants are known to contain biologically active substances that are allelopathic to agricultural crops as well as weed species. Aqueous extracts from leaves of Xanthium occidentale were assayed against alfalfa (Medicago sativa) to determine their allelopathic effects, and the result showed that the extracts applied onto filter paper significantly inhibited seed germination as well as root growth of alfalfa. Untreated seeds germinated in 60h, but extract concentrations greater than 30g $\textrm{L}^{-1}$ delayed seed germination. The extracts significantly inhibited seed germination of alfalfa, and $\beta$-amylase activity of alfalfa and barley seeds during 24-36 hours after treatment. Aqueous extracts of 40 g $\textrm{L}^{-1}$ from X. occidentale were completely inhibited the hypocotyl and root growth of alfalfa. Aqueous leaf extracts showed the highest inhibitory effect and followed by root and stem extracts. Early seedling growth of both alfalfa and barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) was significantly reduced by methanol extracts. By means of high-performance liquid chromatography, chlorogenic acid and trans-cinnamic acid were quantified as the highest amounts from water and EtOAc fractions, respectively. BuOH and EtOAc fractions of X. occidentale reduced alfalfa root growth more than did hexane and water fractions. The findings of the bioassays for aqueous or methanol extracts reflected that the inhibitory effect of extract was closely related to the level of responsible allelochemicals found in plant extracts.

찹쌀떡의 저장중 텍스쳐 변화 (Textural Changes of Glutinous Rice Cakes during Storage)

  • 이인의;이혜수;김성곤
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제15권4호
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    • pp.379-384
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    • 1983
  • 일반 및 통일 찹쌀 전분의 성질 및 찹쌀떡의 저장에 따른 텍스쳐의 변화를 조사하였다. 일반 찹쌀 전분 입자는 통일 찹쌀 전분보다 동그란 형태였으며 크기가 작았다. 일반 찹쌀 전분의 물 결합 능력 및 swelling power는 통일 찹쌀 전분보다 높았다. 통일 찹쌀떡의 호화도는 일반 찹쌀떡에 비하여 낮았으며, 일반 찹쌀떡의 호화도는 저장 2일까지 직선적으로 감소하였고, 통일 찹쌀떡은 저장 1일까지 직선적으로 감소하였다. 이 경향은 떡의 단단함의 증가와 밀접한 관계가 있었으며, 관능 검사 결과 단단함의 변화는 저장 시간의 변화와 품종의 차이에 따라 고도의 유의차를 보였다.

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Extracellular Enzyme Activities of the Monokaryotic Strains Generated from Basidiospores of Shiitake Mushroom

  • Kwon, Hyuk-Woo;Back, In-Joung;Ko, Han-Gyu;You, Chang-Hyun;Kim, Seong-Hwan
    • Mycobiology
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    • 제36권1호
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    • pp.74-76
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    • 2008
  • To obtain basic information on the biochemical property of basidiospores of shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes), the ability of producing extracellular enzyme was assessed using a chromogenic plate-based assay. For the aim, amylase, avicelase, $\beta$-glucosidase, CM-cellulase, pectinase, proteinase, and xylanase were tested against monokaryotic strains generated from forty basidiospores of two different parental dikaryotic strains of shiitake mushroom, Sanjo-101Ho and Sanjo-108Ho. These two parental strains showed different degree of extracellular enzyme activity. No identical patterns of the degree of enzyme activity were observed between monokaryotic strains and parental strains of the two shiitake cultivars. The degree of extracellular enzyme activity also varied among monokaryotic strains of the two shiitake cultivars. Our results showed that dikaryotic parental strains of shiitake mushroom produce monokaryotic basidiospores having very diverse biochemical properties.

Extrusion 전분을 기질로 한 불균일상 효소반응계에서의 Cyclodextrin 효소합성 (Enzymatic Synthesis of Cyclodextrin in an Heterogeneous Enzyme Reaction System Containing Insoluble Extruded Starch)

  • 이용현;박동찬
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제19권5호
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    • pp.514-520
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    • 1991
  • Extrusion시켜 구조변형시킨 전분(질)을 기질로 cyclodextrin glucanotransferse(CGTase)를 활용하여 액화과정을 거치지 않고 직접 cyclodextrin을 합성하는 불용성 extrusion된 전분-수용성 CGTase로 구성된 불균일상 효소반응계에 관하여 연구하였다. Extrusion된 전분을 기질로 이용할 경우 기존의 액화전분을 기질로하는 균일상 효소반응계에서 보다 현저히 증가된 CD 농도, 수율 그리고 합성속도를 얻을 수 있었으며, extrusion된 전분 기질농도가 100g/l일 때 CD생성량과 수율은 각각 54g/l와 0.54였다.

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A Study on Transcriptome Analysis Using de novo RNA-sequencing to Compare Ginseng Roots Cultivated in Different Environments

  • Yang, Byung Wook
    • 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 춘계학술발표회
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    • pp.5-5
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    • 2018
  • Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), one of the most widely used medicinal plants in traditional oriental medicine, is used for the treatment of various diseases. It has been classified according to its cultivation environment, such as field cultivated ginseng (FCG) and mountain cultivated ginseng (MCG). However, little is known about differences in gene expression in ginseng roots between field cultivated and mountain cultivated ginseng. In order to investigate the whole transcriptome landscape of ginseng, we employed High-Throughput sequencing technologies using the Illumina HiSeqTM2500 system, and generated a large amount of sequenced transcriptome from ginseng roots. Approximately 77 million and 87 million high-quality reads were produced in the FCG and MCG roots transcriptome analyses, respectively, and we obtained 256,032 assembled unigenes with an average length of 1,171 bp by de novo assembly methods. Functional annotations of the unigenes were performed using sequence similarity comparisons against the following databases: the non-redundant nucleotide database, the InterPro domains database, the Gene Ontology Consortium database, and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway database. A total of 4,207 unigenes were assigned to specific metabolic pathways, and all of the known enzymes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism pathways were also identified in the KEGG library. This study indicated that alpha-glucan phosphorylase 1, putative pectinesterase/pectinesterase inhibitor 17, beta-amylase, and alpha-glucan phosphorylase isozyme H might be important factors involved in starch and sucrose metabolism between FCG and MCG in different environments.

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고추장 메주와 고추 품종별 고추장의 발효특성 비교 (Quality Changes of Traditional Kochujang Prepared with Different Meju and Red Pepper during Fermentation)

  • 김문숙;김인원;오진아;신동화
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제30권4호
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    • pp.924-933
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    • 1998
  • Kochujang, fermented hot pepper-soybean paste, was prepared by two common varieties of red pepper and natural fermented (NF) or pure cultured (PC) meju (soybean mass that is soaked, steamed, mashed and fermented by natural microflora or pure strain) and monitored their taste related component, enzyme activity and microflora during fermentation at $25^{\circ}C$ for 120 days for confirming possibility of kochujang fermentation control. The reducing sugars, amino type nitrogen (reference quality factor) and amino acid content in PC kochujang were 11.4%, 0.58% and 1,372.9 mg% respectively, 7.1%, 0.42% and 1,038.7 mg% in NF kochujang. It is concerned higher ${\alpha}-{\;}and{\;}{\beta}-{\;}amylase$ and, acid and neutral protease in PC kochujang during fermentation. The meju fermented by selected pure strain (A. oryzae CBU) can be applied to produced better quality of kochujang instead of natural meju.

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Varying Inocula Permutations (Aspergillus oryzae and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) affect Enzyme Activities and Metabolite Levels in Koji

  • Gil, Hye Jeong;Lee, Sunmin;Singh, Digar;Lee, Choong Hwan
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제28권12호
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    • pp.1971-1981
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    • 2018
  • In this study, we investigated the altered enzymatic activities and metabolite profiles of koji fermented using varying permutations of Aspergillus oryzae and/or Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Notably, the protease and ${\beta}$-glucosidase activities were manifold increased in co-inoculated (CO) koji samples (co-inoculation of A. oryzae and B. amyloliquefaciens). Furthermore, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolite profiling indicates that levels of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, fatty acids, nucleosides, and vitamins were distinctly higher in CO, SA (sequential inoculation of A. oryzae, followed by B. amyloliquefaciens), and SB (sequential inoculation of B. amyloliquefaciens, followed by A. oryzae). The multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) plot based on GC-MS datasets indicated a clustered pattern for MA and MB (koji samples inoculated either with A. oryzae or B. amyloliquefaciens) across PC2 (20.0%). In contrast, the CO, SA, and SB metabolite profiles displayed segregated patterns across PLS1 (22.2%) and PLS2 (21.1%) in the partial least-square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model. Intriguingly, the observed disparity in the levels of primary metabolites was engendered largely by higher relative levels of sugars and sugar alcohols in MA, SA, and CO koji samples, which was commensurate with the relative amylase activities in respective samples. Collectively, the present study emphasizes the utility of integrated biochemical and metabolomic approaches for achieving the optimal permutation of fermentative inocula for industrial koji preparation.

Effect of Solid-State Fermented Brown Rice Extracts on 3T3-L1 Adipocyte Differentiation

  • Su Bin Ji;Chae Hun Ra
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제33권7호
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    • pp.926-933
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    • 2023
  • Aspergillus oryzae KCCM 11372 was used to enhance the production of β-glucan using humidity control strategies. Under conditions of 60% humidity, solid-state fermentation (SSF) increased the yields of enzymes (amylase and protease), fungal biomass (ergosterol), and β-glucan. The maximum concentrations obtained were 14800.58 U/g at 72 h, 1068.14 U/g at 120 h, 1.42 mg/g at 72 h, and 12.0% (w/w) at 72 h, respectively. Moreover, the β-glucan containing fermented brown rice (β-glucan-FBR) extracts at concentrations of 25-300 ㎍/ml was considered noncytotoxic to 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. We then studied the inhibitory effects of the extracts on fat droplet formation in 3T3-L1 cells. As a result, 300 ㎍/ml of β-glucan-FBR extracts showed a high inhibition of 38.88% in lipid accumulation. Further, these extracts inhibited adipogenesis in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes by decreasing the expression of C/EBPα, PPARγ, aP2, and GLUT4 genes.

Bacillus subtilis HJ18-3과 KACC 15935를 이용하여 제조한 청국장의 품질특성과 isoflavone 함량의 변화 (Changes in isoflavone content and quality characteristics of Cheonggukjang prepared with Bacillus subtilis HJ18-3 and KACC 15935)

  • 이경하;최혜선;최윤희;박신영;송진
    • 한국식품저장유통학회지
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.121-128
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    • 2014
  • 청국장 제조 시 사용되는 균주인 Bacillus sp. HJ18-3과 B. subtilis KACC 15935균주를 청국장 제조 시 starter로 접종하여 발효시켜 품질특성과 isoflavone 비배당체 함량을 측정하였다. a-amylase와 cellulase활성은 control과 B. subtilis HJ18-3 균주를 접종한 청국장이 B. subtilis KACC 15935 균주를 접종한 청국장보다 각각 2.56, 2.59배 그리고 1.13, 1.23배 높은 결과를 보였다. 그러나 protease활성은 B. subtilis KACC 15935과 B. subtilis HJ18-3의 활성이 높은 효소활성을 보였다. 아미노태질소 함량은 Control, B. subtilis KACC 15935, B. subtilis HJ18-3의 함량이 각각 $88.20{\pm}13.86$, $129.62{\pm}1.15$, $118.40{\pm}48.65mg%$로 나타났으며 이는 protease 효소활성의 결과와 유사한 경향을 보였다. 환원당 함량은 control, KACC 15935, HJ18-3의 함량이 각각 $1.95{\pm}0.72$, $2.62{\pm}1.17$, $2.59{\pm}0.76%$로 전반적으로 control에 비해 처리구가 더 높은 경향을 나타냈다. 호기적 총균수와 미비한 차이로 B. subtilis HJ18-3의 균수가 적은 경향을 나타낸 것은B. cereus와Candida albicans에 대해 항균력이 우수하다고 보고된 영향으로 해석된다. control과B. subtilis KACC15935, B. subtilis HJ18-3의 isoflavone 비배당체 형태인 daidzein과 genistein, glycitein을 합한 함량은 각각 $158.20{\pm}6.55$, $131.60{\pm}4.00$, $200.79{\pm}7.54ug/g$으로 나타났다. 이는 초기 raw soybean의 aglycone함량이 3.96 ug/g인 것에 비하여 39~50배 전 환율을 보인다. 또한 ${\beta}$-glucosidase활성이 있는 B. subtilis HJ18-3균을 접종하여 제조한 청국장이 control과 Kacc15935균을 접종하여 제조한 청국장보다 1.27, 1.53배 더 높은 aglycone 전 환율을 보였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 사용한 메밀 속성 장으로부터 분리된 B. subtilis HJ18-3 균주는 amylase, protease, cellulase와 같은 세포의 효소분비능이 우수하며, 아미노태질소와 환원당 함량이 높고, isoflavone 비배당체 함량을 증가시키는 기능을 함유한 균주로 확인되었으며, 앞으로도 우리나라 전통 청국장의 세계화를 위해 유용 starter로 찾는 노력이 더 필요할 것이다.

분말화한 홍국 Sourdough를 첨가한 Sourdough Bread의 품질 특성 (Quality Characteristics of Sourdough Breads Added with Red Koji Rice Sourdough Powder)

  • 이재훈;곽은정;이영순
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제37권3호
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    • pp.333-341
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    • 2008
  • 본 연구에서는 홍국의 첨가량을 달리하여 sourdough starter를 전통적 방법으로 제조하고, 발효시간과 홍국의 첨가량에 따른 sourdough starter의 이화학적 특성을 측정하였다. 또한 이를 분말화하고, 제빵에 사용하여 상업용 sourdough powder와 비교하여 품질특성을 조사하였다. Sourdough starter의 효소활성을 측정한 결과 ${\alpha}$-amylase의 활성은 낮은 것으로 나타났으며, ${\beta}$-amylase의 활성은 홍국의 첨가량이 많을수록 높게 나타났다. Sourdough bread 특유의 맛을 나타나게 하는 유기산은 홍국을 첨가하지 않은 SD1보다 홍국을 10%, 20%, 40% 첨가한 SD2${\sim}$4가 높게 나타났으며, 홍국의 첨가량이 많을수록 증가하였다. 상업용 sourdough 분말을 첨가한 VPB, 홍국을 첨가하지 않은 SD1의 분말과 홍국을 10%, 20%, 40% 첨가한 SD2${\sim}$4의 분말을 첨가한 SPB1${\sim}$4의 mixograph 측정 결과 peak time과 peak value는 SPB1과 SPB2는 밀가루만을 이용한 WWB와 가장 유사하였다. 반죽의 발효과정 동안 pH와 적정산도를 측정한 결과 VPB의 반죽이 가장 낮은 pH를 나타내었으며, 적정산도는 WWB가 가장 낮고, VPB와 SPB1${\sim}$4는 유사하게 나타났다. 제품의 비용적은 WWB, SPB1, SPB2 등이 높게 나타났으며, 굽기 손실도 비용적과 유사한 경향으로 나타났다. 색도를 측정한 결과 VPB와 SPB군의 L값과 a값은 유사하였으며, WWB에 비하여 홍국 첨가량이 많은 sourdough powder를 사용한 bread일수록 L값은 감소, a값은 증가하였다. Texture 측정 결과 VPB는 경도, 응집성, 탄력성, 점착성, 부서짐성 등의 모든 항목에서 높게 나타났으며, SPB1과 SPB2는 WWB와 유사하게 나타났다. 3일간 저장한 후 경도를 측정한 결과 VPB의 경도가 가장 높았으며, WWB, SPB $1{\sim}3$은 서로 유사한 값으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 탄력성 정도는 VPB가 가장 높게, 신맛의 정도와 이취의 정도는 WWB가 가장 낮게, 신맛의 정도는 SPB2, 이취의 정도는 SPB1이 가장 높게 나타났다. 전체적인 기호도는 VPB가 가장 낮으며, SPB2와 SPB3이 높게 나타났다. 따라서 sourdough starter의 제조 시 홍국을 10% 첨가하여 제조하고 분말화하여 bread에 적용할 때 상업용 sourdough powder를 첨가한 bread와 일반적인 이스트 bread보다 품질이 우수한 제품을 얻을 수 있었다.