• Title/Summary/Keyword: ${\alpha}_1-Na$

Search Result 823, Processing Time 0.036 seconds

Psychometric Evaluation of a Six Dimension Scale of Nursing Performance and Student Nurse Stress Index Using an Objective Structured Clinical Examination - Modules for Asthma and Type 1 Diabetes (객관구조화 임상시험을 활용한 간호수행능력의 Six Dimension Scale과 간호학생 스트레스 평가지수의 도구 평가-천식 및 1형 당뇨 모듈을 중심으로)

  • Park, Kyong-Ok;Ahn, Young-Mee;Kang, Na-Rae;Lee, Mi-Jin;Sohn, Min
    • Child Health Nursing Research
    • /
    • v.19 no.2
    • /
    • pp.85-93
    • /
    • 2013
  • Purpose: The study purposes were to describe the process of developing the Korean versions of the Six Dimension Scale of Nursing Performance (Six-D) and Student Nurse Stress Index (SNSI) and psychometric evaluation of the two measurements. Methods: This was a methodology study using a descriptive cross-sectional design with 51 nursing students in 4th year of university. Internal consistency reliability was assessed using Cronbach alphas. Construct validity was determined by exploring correlations among Six-D, SNSI, objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), self-efficacy and grade point average (GPA). Results: Internal consistency reliability of Six-D and SNSI was acceptable with Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ of .95 and .82. Correlation analysis to determine construct validity revealed that Six-D presented positive correlations with OSCE (r=.109~.272) and self-efficacy (r=.005~.161) and negative correlation with GPA (r=-.246~-.394), although all were not statistically significant. SNSI presented all negative correlations with OSCE (r= -.007~-.238), self-efficacy (r=-.246~-.394), and GPA (r=-.092~-.426) and were mostly statistically significant except OSCE. Conclusion: Six-D needs more evidence to confirm validity to predict observed clinical competency and theoretical relationships with self-efficacy and GPA. However, SNSI presented trends of expected relationships with relevant variables. Therefore, further research is recommended in testing validity of Six-D with other student populations.

Hydrogeochemical Characteristics, Occurrence, and Distribution of Natural Radioactive Materials (Uranium and Radon) in Groundwater of Gyeongnam and Gyeongbuk Provinces (경상남북도 지하수 중 자연방사성물질 우라늄과 라돈의 산출특징과 함량분포에 대한 수리지화학적 연구)

  • Cho, Byong Wook;Choo, Chang Oh;Yun, Uk;Lee, Byeong Dae;Hwang, Jae Hong;Kim, Moon Su
    • The Journal of Engineering Geology
    • /
    • v.24 no.4
    • /
    • pp.551-574
    • /
    • 2014
  • The occurrence, distribution, and hydrogeochemical characteristics of uranium and radon in groundwater within different lithologies in Gyeongnam and Gyeongbuk provinces were investigated. A total of 201 groundwater samples from sedimentary rocks taking a large portion of the geology and from igneous rocks taking a small portion of the geology were analyzed and examined using factor analysis. Their radionuclide levels were used to construct detailed concentration maps. The groundwater types, defined using a Piper diagram, are mainly Ca-$HCO_3$ with less Na-$HCO_3$. Among the samples, one site exceeds $30{\mu}g/L$ of uranium (i.e., the maximum contaminant level of the USEPA) and three sites exceed 4,000 pCi/L of radon (i.e., the alternative maximum contaminant level). No samples were found to exceed the 15 pCi/L level of gross alpha or the 5 pCi/L level of radium. The concentration of uranium ranges from 0.02 to $53.7{\mu}g/L$, with a mean of $1.56{\mu}g/L$, a median of $0.47{\mu}g/L$, and a standard deviation of $4.3{\mu}g/L$. The mean concentrations of uranium for the different geological units increase in the following order: Shindong Group, Granites, Hayang Group, Yucheon Group, and Tertiary sedimentary rocks. The concentration of radon ranges from 2 to 8,740 pCi/L, with an mean of 754 pCi/L, a median of 510 pCi/L, and a standard deviation of 907 pCi/L. The mean radon concentrations for the investigated geological units increase in the following order: Granites, Yucheon Group, Tertiary sedimentary rocks, Hayang Group and Shindong Group. According to the factor analysis for each geological unit, uranium and radon behave independently of each other with no specific correlation. However, radionuclides show close relationships with some components. Regional investigations of radionuclides throughout the country require an integrated approach that considers the main lithological units as well as administrative districts.

Studies on the amino acid metabolism of young rice root (Part 3) - Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and respiratory inhibitor on the enzyme activities of rice root - (수도근(水稻根)의 Amino산(酸) 대사(代謝)에 관한 연구 -제(第) 3 보(報) 수도근(水稻根)의 몇가지 효소(酵素)의 활성(活性)에 미치는 삼요소(三要素)및 호흡저해제(呼吸沮害劑)의 영향(影響))

  • Kim, Young Ung
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
    • /
    • v.7 no.4
    • /
    • pp.201-207
    • /
    • 1974
  • Some effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and respiratory inhibitor on growth of rice plant and activity of GOT, GPT and peroxidase for the rice root were investigated. Obtained results were summarized as follows: 1. Growth of rice root and plant applied with $NO_3$-N in culture solution was generally increased in the length and weight compared with that of $NH_4$-N plot. On the other hand, the GOT, GPT and peroxidase activity was more increased in the $NH_4$-N plot than in the $NO_3$-N plot. 2. Oxidative power of ${\alpha}$-naphthylamine in rice root was stronger in the $NO_3$-N plot than in the $NH_4$-N plot. 3. When rice plant was cultured in the medium which did not supplied nitrogen, phosphorus or potassium, respectively, GOT activity was more decreased than GPT activity, while peroxidase activity was increased mostly in the potassium-free plot. 4. When rice plant was cultivated in the culture solution added respiratory inhibitor, NaF, plant height was shortened in the order of nitrogen-free > $NH_4$-H > urea-N > $NO_3$-N plot, and GOT and GPT activity was also decreased in the order of nitrogen-free > $NH_4$-N > urea-N > $NO_3$-N plot.

  • PDF

Inhibitory effect of Hypericum ascyron on pro-inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide-induced Raw 264.7 Cells (Lipopolysaccharide로 유도된 Raw 264.7 cell에서 물레나물(Hypericum asctron)의 Pro-inflammatory 억제 효과)

  • Hong, Eun-Jin;Park, Hye-Jin;Kim, Na-Hyun;Jo, Jae-Bum;Lee, Jae-Eun;Lim, Su-Bin;Ahn, Dong-Hyun;Jung, Hee-Young;Cho, Young-Je
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
    • /
    • v.60 no.4
    • /
    • pp.363-372
    • /
    • 2017
  • Hypericum ascyron has long been used as medicinal plant and recent studies reported that H. ascyron has anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, and anti-bacterial effects. In this study, inhibitory effect from H. ascyron on pro-inflammatory responses has been investigated. H. ascyron was extracted at optimal extraction condition. Total phenolic contents in water and 90% ethanol were 29.75 and 31.82 mg/g, respectively. Hyaluronidase inhibitory activity of H. ascyron extracts ($50-200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics) was 0.00-14.81% and 15.33-47.49%, respectively. In cell viability, cell toxicity was shown at concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$ and $30{\mu}g/mL$ of water and 90% ethanol extract. Therefore, $10-50{\mu}g/mL$ in water extracts and $5-20{\mu}g/mL$ in ethanol extracts was selected each for further study. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) derived nitric oxide (NO) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-derived prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) protein expression inhibitory effect of extracts were inhibited in a dose dependent manner, significantly. Also, the pro-inflammatory cytokines inhibitory effect such as tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$, nterleukin (IL)-6 and $IL-1{\beta}$ were decreased in the dose dependent manner. The results indicate that H. ascyron extracts reduced inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide-induced 264.7 cells via the regulation of the iNOS, COX-2, NO, $PGE_2$, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, H. ascyron extracts have significant anti-inflammatory effect and a source as therapeutic materials.

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Ethanol Extract from Onion (Allium cepa L.) Peel on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses in RAW 264.7 Cells and Mice Ears (LPS로 유도된 RAW 264.7 세포와 마우스 귀 조직에 대한 양파(Allium cepa L.) 껍질 에탄올 추출물의 항염증 효과)

  • Ahn, Na-Kyung;Kang, Bo-Kyeong;Kim, Koth-Bong-Woo-Ri;Kim, Min-Ji;Bae, Nan-Young;Park, Ji-Hye;Park, Sun-Hee;Ahn, Dong-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
    • /
    • v.44 no.11
    • /
    • pp.1612-1620
    • /
    • 2015
  • Inflammation is a complex process involving a variety of immune cells, which defend the body from harmful stimuli. However, pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators can also exacerbate diseases such as cancer. Onion peel contains several phenolic compounds, including quercetin at an amount 20 times greater in peel than edible flesh. Therefore, in this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of onion peel ethanol extract (OPEE) were investigated lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response. In our results, NO production decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Secretion of IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and $IL-1{\beta}$ was suppressed by 44%, 53%, and 60% respectively, at $100{\mu}g/mL$. Moreover, OPEE also suppressed expression of COX-2, iNOS, $NF-{\kappa}B$, and MAPKs in a dose-dependent manner. Formation of mice ear edema was reduced at the highest dose tested compared to the control, and reduction of ear thickness was observed in the histological analysis as well. In the acute toxicity test, no morality was observed in mice administered 5,000 mg/kg body weight of OPEE over a 2-week observation period. These results suggest that OPEE may have significant effects on inflammatory factors and be a potential anti-inflammatory material.

Comparative Study on Effects of Sexuality Education in Elementary School Students (초등학생의 성교육 효과에 관한 비교연구)

  • Seo, Soon-Hee;Hong, Jee-Young;Lee, Moo-Sik;Na, Baeg-Ju;Lee, Jin-Yong;Bae, Seok-Hwan;Yoo, Se-Jong
    • Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
    • /
    • 2010.11b
    • /
    • pp.513-516
    • /
    • 2010
  • 본 연구는 성교육이 학생들의 성 지식, 태도, 역할 정체감에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위해 실험군과 대조군으로 집단을 나누어 실험군에게 의도적인 성교육 실시하여 그 결과를 살펴보고 향후 학교에서 실시되는 성교육 계획 수립에 도움을 주고자 하는 실험연구이다. 본 연구의 대상은 충청북도 제천시에 위치한 J초등학교 5학년 6개 학급을 대상으로 실험군 100(남 50, 여 50), 대조군 100(남 50, 여 50) 총 200명을 대상으로 실시하였으며 자료 수집은 2009년 10월 15일부터 2009년 11월 25일까지 실시하였다. 연구도구는 문헌고찰을 통해 성 지식, 성 태도, 성역할 정체감에 사용한 설문지를 구성타당도 검증을 통해 문항을 구성 선정하였으며, 신뢰도는 Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ 값으로 검증하였다. 연구 대상자의 일반적 특성을 보면 92%의 학생이 부모님이 있고, 88.5%가 형제자매가 있으며, 집안 분위기는 60%가 자유스럽고, 7%가 엄한 것으로 나타났다. 연구 대상자의 성관련 특성으로 가정에서 성교육을 받아본 경험이 있는 경우는 36%로 나타났으며, 성과 관련된 정보를 얻는 순서는 87.5%의 학생이 학교 보건선생님한테 성 관련 정보를 얻는 경우가 대부분이었고, 다음 순서로는 부모님, 서적류, 담임선생님, 영상매체, 친구, 형제자매 순으로 나타났다. 연구 대상자의 신체변화정도를 살펴보면 여자의 경우 월경이 있는 경우는 20%정도, 가슴의 변화는 84%로 나타났으며, 남자의 경우 몽정이 있는 경우는 4%로 나타났으며, 남녀 모두 변성기, 여드름, 발모, 몽정, 월경, 가슴변화 등 한 가지 이상 신체변화가 나타난 경우는 56%로 나타났다. 연구 대상자의 성지식 사전 사후 점수를 비교해보면 두 집단 모두 사전보다 사후 점수가 증가하였다. 사후검사에서 교육을 받지 않은 대조군의 성지식 점수는 소폭 증가하였으나 성교육을 실시한 실험군의 성지식 점수는 더 큰 폭으로 높았으며, 특히 신체발달에서 사전검사에 대조군은(M=2.17), 실험군은 (M=1.66)으로 실험군의 점수가 낮았으나, 사후검사에서는 대조군은(M=2.76), 실험군은(M=3.90)으로 실험군의 점수가 더 높았다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면 학교에서의 체계화된 성교육은 학생들의 성 지식, 태도, 성 역할 정체감 형성에 도움을 줄뿐만 아니라 성교육을 부끄러워하고, 쑥스러워하며, 어색해 하던 아이들이 문제 중심 학습을 적용하여 자기 주도적으로 문제를 해결하고, 체험, 실습, 역할극, 토의 등의 활동적인 수업에 적극 참여하고, 자연스럽게 활동하여 긍정적인 '밝은 성(性)'으로 변해가는 모습을 관찰할 수 있었다. 성교육은 인간의 성장과 발달에 따라 변화하는 과정이라는 것을 인식하여 건전한 성, 건강한 성을 함양하기 위해 체계적이고 발달 단계에 맞추어 이루어져야 할 것이다.

  • PDF

Development of a Catalyst/Sorbent for Methane-Steam Reforming (메탄스팀개질반응용 촉매흡착제 개발에 관한 연구)

  • Cho, Yong-Hoon;Na, Jeong-Geol;Kim, Seong-Soo;Kim, Jin-Gul;Chung, Soo-Hyun
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
    • /
    • v.44 no.3
    • /
    • pp.307-313
    • /
    • 2006
  • In order to improve the efficiency of methane steam reforming process, a part of the system which produces hydrogen from heavy hydrocarbon resources such as coal, we combined metal catalyst with CaO sorbent and fabricated catalyst/sorbent. To increase the porosity and the compressive strength of sorbent, carbon black and ${\alpha}-alumina$ were mixed with CaO powder during preparation. The effects of sorbent composition on the physical properties were investigated by SEM, TGA, BET, XRD, abrasion strength measuring device and adsorption-desorption instrument. Sorbent with 5 wt% $Al_2O_3$ and 10 wt% carbon black showed the best physical features with $7.61kg_f$ strength and 47% $CO_2$ adsorption capability. Various metal catalysts such as Ni, Co and Fe were supported on the sorbent developed and 10 wt% Ni/sorbent was selected for methane steam reforming process based on the result of reaction experiment. The reaction system using the catalyst/sorbent showed better $H_2$ productivity compared to the detached system with catalyst and sorbent, indicating the effectiveness of the system developed in this study.

Effects of Sweet Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture and Low Level Laser Acupuncture on a Rat Model with Complete Freund's Adjuvant-induced Arthritis (Sweet 봉약침과 저준위 레이저침이 Complete Freund's Adjuvant로 유발된 관절염 백서 모델에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Jung Hun;Kim, Kyeong Ok;Kim, Kyeong Su;Park, Soo Yeon;Yang, Seung Joung;Choi, Chang Won;Na, Chang Su;Wei, Tung Shuen
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
    • /
    • v.32 no.3
    • /
    • pp.1-13
    • /
    • 2015
  • Purpose : This research was conducted to investigate the effect of sweet bee venom pharmacopuncture and low level laser acupuncture on paw edema, pain index, anti-inflammatory factor, AST, ALT and complete blood cell count of a rat model with Complete Freund's Adjuvant-induced arthritis. Methods : Five experimental groups were formed with each consisting of six rats: normal group, control group, sweet bee venom pharmacopuncture group, lower level laser acupuncture group, and sweet bee venom pharmacopuncture, lower level laser acupuncture group. The experimental model of arthritis was induced by two injections of Freund's adjuvant into the left knee joint of Sprague Dawley(SD) rats. The second injection of Freund's adjuvant was given ten days after the first one. Ten days later, sweet bee venom pharmacopuncture and low level laser acupuncture were administered separately or together by assigned groups at $GB_{34}$ and $GB_{39}$ of rats twice a week for a total of six times. Thereafter, edema rate, pain index, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, interleukin-6, aspartate aminortansferase, alanine aminotransferase and complete blood cell count were measured. Results : We noticed synergic effects of sweet bee venom pharmacopuncture and low level laser acupuncture according to the results of the paw edema and Von Frey pain index. The sweet bee venom pharmacopuncture(BVA) and sweet bee venom pharmacopuncture+ low level laser acupuncture(BVA+LLA) groups experienced a more significant effect when compared with the control group. Conclusions : These results suggest that Sweet Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture and low level laser acupuncture at GB34 and GB39 have a significant anti-inflammatory effect on Freund's adjuvant arthritis in rats.

Analysis of wedding servicescape color combination image -focusing on the comparison between hotel banquet hall, general wedding hall and sanctuary- (결혼 예식장 종류에 따른 서비스스케이프 배색 이미지 분석 -호텔 예식 연회, 일반예식장, 종교 결혼식장과의 비교를 중심으로-)

  • Kim, Kyung-Hee;Jo, Mi-Na;Yang, Il-Sun
    • Science of Emotion and Sensibility
    • /
    • v.14 no.1
    • /
    • pp.73-82
    • /
    • 2011
  • This study was aimed to analyze the wedding servicescape color combination image focusing on the comparison between hotel banquet hall, general wedding hall and sanctuary. The survey was conducted among 400 customers(aged from 20~39 years old) who lived in Seoul and Kyunggi Province and 315 were analyzed. The statistical data analyses were performed using SPSS/WIN 17.0 and reliability analysis, factor analysis, t-test, ANOVA were used. Based on the result of the conducting factor analysis, color image of wedding hall were classified into 3 factors: delicateness, nobleness, and vivaciousness. Cronbach's alpha was calculated for the reliability of the survey instrument. Consequently, wedding hall color image were shown 'clear' 3.60, 'mild' 3.50, 'delicate' 3.38. Comparison among wedding hall types, 'vivaciousness' was 3.00 at general wedding hall, 'nobleness' was 3.64 at hotel banquet hall, and 'delicateness' was 3.60 at hotel banquet hall. Demographic differences of wedding hall color image were found by sex, marital status, monthly income but not by age, education and occupation. The results of this study will serve as a basis of wedding hall color marketing researches.

  • PDF

Effects of $TGF-{\beta}1$ on Cellular Activity of Minocycline-Pretreated Human Periodontal Ligament Cells (($TGF-{\beta}$)이 Minocycline을 전처리한 사람 치주인대세포의 활성에 미치는 영향)

  • Yang, Seung-Oh;You, Hyung-Keun;Shin, Hyung-Shik
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
    • /
    • v.26 no.2
    • /
    • pp.469-490
    • /
    • 1996
  • The initial events required for periodontal regeneration is the attachment, spreading, and proliferation of appropriated cells at the healing sites. These have been reported that minocycline stimulates the attachment of periodontal ligament cells, and also $TGF-{\beta}1$ enhances the proliferation of periodontal ligament cells. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of $TGF-{\beta}1$ on the cellular activity of minocycline treated human periodontal ligament cells. Periodontal ligament cells were obtained from the explants of healthy periodontal ligaments of extracted 3rd molars or premolar teeth extracted from the patients for orthodontic treatment. The cells were cultured in minimal essential medium(${\alpha}-MEM$) supplemented with 10.000units/ml penicillin, $10,000{\mu}g/ml$ streptomycin and 10% FBS(fetal bovine serum) at $37^{\circ}C$ in a humidified atmosphere of 5% carbon dioxide and the 5th to the 8th passages of the cells were used. To evaluate the effect of minocycline on cell attachment, the cells were seeded at a cell density of $1.5{\times}10^4$ cells/well in 24-well culture plates and treated with $20{\mu}g/ml$ and $100{\mu}g/ml$ of minocycline for 1.5 h. After trypsinization, the cells were counted with hemocytometer and were taken photographs for observation of cellular morphology. To evaluate the effect of $TGF-{\beta}1$ on minocycline-pretreated periodontal ligament cells, the cells were seeded at a cell density of $1{\times}10^4$ cells/ well in 24-well culture plates and treated with $20{\mu}g/ml$ and $100{\mu}g/ml$ of minocycline for 1.5 h. After incubation, 1 and 10ng/ml of $rh-TGF-{\beta}1$ were also added to the each well and incubated for 1 and 2 days, respectively. Then, MTT assay, DNA synthesis($^3H-thymidine\;assay$), and protein and collagen assay(3H-proline assay) were carried out. In the MIT assay, after 200ul MTT solutionlconeentration of 5mg/ml) were added to the each well of the 24-well plates and incubated for 3 hours, and 200 ul DMSO were added so as to dissolve insoluble blue formazan crystals which was formed in incubated period. Then it read plates on a ELISA reader. For mitogenic assay, 1 uCi/ml $^3H-thymidine$ was added to each well for the final 2 hours of the incubation periods. After labeling, the wells were washed 3 times with ice cold PBS and 4 times with 5% TCA to remove unincorporated label and precipitate the cellular DNA. DNA, with the incorporated $^3H-thymidine$, was solubilized with 500 ul of 0.1% NaOH/0.1% SDS. A 250 ul aliquot was removed from each well and placed in a scintillation vial with 4ml of scintillation cocktail. Using an liguid scintillation counter, counts per minute(CPM) were determined for each samples. 3 uCi/ml $^3H-proline$ was added to each well for the final 4 hours of the incubation periods and total protein and percent collagen synthesis were carried out. The results indicate that minocycline treated group with $100{\mu}g/ml$ concentration for 1.5 hours significantly increased than that of control in cell attachment, and cell process is also evident compared with that of control in cell morphology, and the cellular activity and DNA synthesis rate of cells treated minocycline and $TGF-{\beta}1$ significantly increased than that of control values, but were below to values of the $TGF-{\beta}1$ only treated group in MIT assay and $^3H-thymidine\;assay$, and the total protein synthesis of minocycline and $TGF-{\beta}1$ treated group also significantly increased than that of control values, but the percent collagen synthesis of tested group significantly decreased to compared with control. On the above the findings, the tested group of minocycline and $TGF-{\beta}1$ did not increase the effect on the cell activity than $TGF-{\beta}1$ only tested group and the tested group of minocycline inhibited cell activity. This results indicate that minocycline was effective on cell attachment in early stage, but it is harmful to cell activity, that inhibitory effect of minocycline was compensated with stimulatory effect of $TGF-{\beta}1$.

  • PDF