• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2011

In order to optimize the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) conditions of ginger oleoresin (GO), we conducted an evaluation of quality properties such as yield (%), color, volatile flavor compounds and gingerol components. The extraction yield gained by SFE increased as extraction pressure and temperature increased. The highest yield was $8.96{\pm}0.68%$ at 500 bar $65^{\circ}C$ extraction condition. The total color difference (${\Delta}E$) values decreased at high pressure. In case of the 100 bar pressure conditions, ${\Delta}E$-values increased as the temperature went up. The analysis of the 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol, 6-shogaol and curcumin contents decreased at high temperature conditions of identical pressure and increased at high pressure conditions. The volatile flavor compounds were detected in zingiberene, ${\beta}$-sesquiphellandre, ${\beta}$-phellandre, ${\alpha}{\gamma}$-curcumene, 2,3-butandiol, ${\beta}$-bisabolene and so on. Also volatile component contents showed difference in each of extraction conditions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.4275-4280
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• 2011

Present study describes the optimization of disk type sorptive extraction using monolithic material (Mono Trap) for the analysis of volatile aroma compounds from Lantana camara L. in combination with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Monolithic material sorptive extraction (MMSE) is a new sampling technique using a monolithic hybrid adsorptive disk (O.D. 10 mm, 1 mm thickness) made of high purity silica and activated carbon having a large surface area chemically bonded with octadecyl silane (ODS). The experimental parameters that may influence the MMSE efficiency have been optimized. Linearity, accuracy, precision and detection limits were evaluated to assess the performance of the proposed method. The method was validated with real plant samples of Lantana camara L. Twenty eight compounds including the main representative compounds of ${\alpha}$-curcumene and ${\beta}$-caryophyllene were found in analyzed samples. Results proved that proposed method could be used as a good alternative for the analysis for such volatile aroma compounds in plant samples.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.293-296
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• 2003

The effect of the hexane extract of Curcuma zedoaria roots and its solvent fractions were investigated on the proliferation of SiHa, SNU-1 and HepG2 cell lines. Among those fractions, final fraction H2-3-1 and H2-3-3 showed cytotoxic effect on SiHa and HepG2 cell lines. The hallmark of apoptosis, DNA fragmentation, also appeared in the final fractions H2-3-1 and H2-3-3 after 24h treatment in SiHa cell line. Furthermore, those fractions were shown to be able to induce cell death in $[^3H]$thymidine incorporation test. These two fractions, H2-3-1 and H2-3-3 were determined as (-)-$\alpha$-curcumene and $\beta$-tumerone respectively by NMR and mass spectrum. From these results, it is speculated that te hexane extract of Curcuma zedoaria is necessary for further studies as a potent inhibitor of the growth of cancer cells.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2013

Chrysanthemum indicum is widely used to treat immune-related and infectious disorders in East Asia. C. indicum flower oil contains 1,8-cineole, germacrene D, camphor, ${\alpha}$-cadinol, camphene, pinocarvone, ${\beta}$-caryophyllene, 3-cyclohexen- 1-ol, and ${\gamma}$-curcumene. We evaluated the safety of C. indicum flower oil by conducting acute oral toxicity, bone marrow micronucleus, and bacterial reverse mutation tests. Mortality, clinical signs and gross findings of mice were measured for 15 days after the oral single gavage administration of C. indicum flower oil. There were no mortality and clinical signs of toxicity at 2,000 mg/kg body weight/day of C. indicum flower oil throughout the 15 day period. Micronucleated erythrocyte cell counts for all treated groups were not significantly different between test and control groups. Levels of 15.63~500 ${\mu}g$ C. indicum flower oil/plate did not induce mutagenicity in S. Typhimurium and E. coli, with or without the introduction of a metabolic activation system. These results indicate that ingesting C. indicum flower oil produces no acute oral toxicity, bone marrow micronucleus, and bacterial reverse mutation.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.363-368
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• 2009

To fulfill the increasing demand for a high quality of flower, we investigated the effects of nitrogen application on plant growth, yield and bioactive compounds of Chrysanthemum indicum L.. C. indicum L. was cultivated in a pot scale, and nitrogen applied with the level of 0 (N0), 50 (N50), 100 (N100), 150 (N150), 200 (N200) and $300\;(N300)\;kg\;ha^{-1}$ to suggest optimum rate of nitrogen fertilization. Phosphate and potassium applied the same amount of $80-80\;kg\;ha^{-1}$ ($P_2O_5-K_2O$) in all treatments. Growth characteristics and yields of C. indicum L. were significantly affected by nitrogen application. Maximum yield achieved in 265 and $295\;kg\;ha^{-1}$ N treatment on the whole plant and the flower parts, respectively. The nitrogen content and uptake of whole plant significantly increased by the increase of nitrogen application. Five major components of essential oil, $\alpha$-pinene, 1,8-cineol, chrysanthenone, germacrene-D, and $\alpha$-curcumene in flowerheads of C. indicum L. occupied approximately 40% of peak area, germacrene-D decreased by the increase of nitrogen application among them. However, cumambrin A contents in the flower parts of C. indicum L. were affected negatively by the increase of nitrogen application, but total yields of cumambrin A in flower part significantly increased. Conclusively, nitrogen fertilization could increase the yield of flowerheads. The optimum application level of nitrogen fertilizer might be on the range of $265-295\;kg\;ha^{-1}$ in a mountainous soil.