• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.219-226
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the change of chemical components and antioxidant activities in Hizikia fusiformis(Harvey) OKAMURA with blanching times. For chemical composition, the contents of minerals (K, Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn), vitamins (vitamin C, ${\beta}$-carotene and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol) and total polyphenol were analyzed. The antioxidant activity was determined through free radicals (DPPH radical, superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide) scavenging activity and linoleic acid peroxidation inhibitory activity. As the blanching time increased, the contents of all minerals, vitamin C and total polyphenol decreased. However ${\beta}$-carotene and ${\beta}$-tocopherol were not affected by the blanching time. In addition antioxidant activities decreased with increasing blanching time.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2019

We investigated whether ${\beta}$-carotene (${\beta}-CA$) or ellagic acid (EA), originating from various fruits and vegetables, has a preventive effect against male infertility induced by exogenous scrotal hyperthermia. ICR adult mice were intraperitoneally treated with 10 mg/kg of ${\beta}-CA$ or EA daily for 13 days consecutively. During this time, mice were subjected to transient scrotal heat stress in a water bath at $43^{\circ}C$ for 20 min on day 7, and their testes and blood were obtained on day 14 for histopathologic and biochemical analyses. Heat stress induced significant testicular weight reduction, germ cell loss and degeneration, as well as abnormal localization of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in spermatogenic and Leydig cells. Heat stress also altered the levels of oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, SOD activity, and PHGPx, MnSOD, and $HIF-1{\alpha}$ mRNAs), apoptosis (Bax, Bcl-xL, caspase 3, $NF-{\kappa}B$, and $TGF-{\beta}1$ mRNAs), and androgen biosynthesis (serological testosterone concentration and $3{\beta}$-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase mRNA) in testes. These changes were all improved significantly by ${\beta}-CA$ treatment, but only slightly improved by EA treatment. These findings indicate that ${\beta}-CA$, through modulations of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and androgen biosynthesis, is a potent preventive agent against testicular injuries induced by scrotal hyperthermia.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of oxidative stress in NIDDM patients with diabetic complications and to determine the relationship between oxidative stress and diabetic complications. For this study, 139 NIDDM patients were recruited, 85 with diabetic complications and 54 without complications were recruited. The concentration of malondialdehyde(MDA) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes including catalase, superoxide dismutase(SOD), gluthatione peroxidase(GSH-Px)were determined. The daily intakes and plasma concentrations of beta-carotene, lycopene, lutein nd alpha-tocopherol were determined by food frequency questionnaire and by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), respectively. Among the antioxidant enzymes studied, only GSH-Px activity was lower in NIDDM patient, with diabetic complications than in those without complications(2.91$\pm$0.80 vs 3.54$\pm$0.44 U/mgHb, p<0.05). Those NIDDM patients with diabetic complications had higher MDA concentrations than those without diabetic complications(1.40$\pm$0.25 vs 1.25$\pm$0.11 nmol/ml, p<0.05). There were no significant differences in the dietary intakes of total carotenoids(2854 vs 2824ug/day)or vitamin E (9.5$\pm$3.2 vs 9.5$\pm$2.0mg/day)between NIDDA patients with and without complications. However, the plasma concentrations of beta-carotene and lycopene were significantly lower in NIDDM patients with complications than in NIDDM patients without complications (Beta-carotene : 24.2$\pm$12.5 vs 33.1$\pm$16.2(ug/dl), lycopene : 2.8$\pm$2.1 vs 4.3$\pm$2.8(ug/dl)). This study showed that in NIDDM patients with complications, the lipid peroxidation of erythrocytes was higher increased and the antioxidant reserves were significantly dipleted, compared with NIDDM patients without complications. The lower plasma concentrations of beta-carotene and lycopene in NIDDM patients may be due to the presence of diabetic complication, not due to the lower dietary intakes of antioxidant vitamins. To define the role of carotenoids in diabetes, more experimental and clinical studies are needed.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.880-886
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 녹즙재료로 많이 이용되고 있는 신선초, 케일, 당근, 샐러리, 오이로 각각 녹즙을 제조하고 함유되어 있는 항산화 영양성분들을 측정하였다. 그 결과 5가지 녹즙에는 항산화 영양성분인 ${\beta}-carotene$, 비타민 E, 비타민 C, Se, Ca, Mn, Zn, 페놀물질들이 함유되어 있었다. ${\beta}-carotene$의 함량은 쥬스 100 g 당 당근이 59.09 mg, 케일이 3285.3 mg, 신선초가 1398.3 mg, 샐러리가 176.7 mg 오이가 61.4 mg이었다. ${\alpha}$-토코페롤의 함량은 케일녹즙이 1.41 mg/100 g으로 가장 높았고, 샐러리 녹즙에는 0.04 mg/100 g이 함유되어 있어 가장 낮게 나타났다. 케일 녹즙은 비타민 C 함량도 녹즙 100 g당 105.1 mg으로 가장 높았고 그 다음은 신선초 31.4 mg, 오이 9.3 mg, 샐러리 7.5 mg, 당근 5.2 mg 순이었다. 항산화성 무기질은 대체로 신선초에 가장 많이 함유되어 있었다. 그 양을 보면 녹즙 100 g당 Cu가 0.4 mg, Mn 0.5mg, Zn 0.24mg이고 Se은 녹즙 kg당 0.61 mg이었다. 케일녹즙에는 100 g당 Cu 0.45 mg, Mn 0.22 mg, Zn 0.24 mg이었다. Se는 1kg 당 0.33 mg로 신선초 다음으로 많은 항산화성 무기질을 함유하고 있었다. 그러나 샐러리와 오이에 함유되어 있는 황산화성 무기질의 양은 유의적으로 낮았다. 총 페놀 물질함량은 5가지 녹즙에서 $0.01{\sim}0.05%$이었으며 케일 녹즙이 가장 많은 페놀물질을 함유하고 있었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2001

This study was carried out to evaluate whether antioxidant nutrient suppplementation with $\alpha$-tocopherol, vitamin C, $\beta$-carotene, and selenium reduces the lipid peroxide levels and increases the antioxidative enzyme activities in patients with coronary hart disease. Eighty nine patients participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The antioxidant group (45 patients) was given daily doses of $\alpha$-tocopherol (400 IU), vitamin C (50 mg), $\beta$-carotene (15 mg), and selenium (50 $\mu\textrm{g}$) and forty four patients received a placebo. Thirty eight subjects (84.4%) of the antioxidant group and thirty nine subjects (88.6%) of the placebo group completed the three-month supplementation. Serum levels of tocopherol, vitamin C and $\beta$-carotene significantly increased in the antioxidant group compared with the baseline (p<0.05). Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances(TBARS) decreased significantly (0.6 nmol MDA/mL) in the antioxidant group compared with that (0.09 nmol MDA/mL) in the placebo group (p=0.03). However, antioxidant supplementation did not affect the level of oxidized-LDL measured as autoantibodies against oxidized-LDL. The superoxide dimutase activity in red blood cells increased in the antioxidant group compared with the baseline (p<0.05). However, glutathione peroxidase activities did not change after supplementation in both groups, and catalase activity significantly decreased in the placebo group (p<0.05). These results suggest that antioxidant supplementation for 3 months with $\alpha$-tocopherol, vitamin C, $\beta$-carotene and selenium in patients with coronary heat disease may be partially protective against oxidative stress.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.231-238
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• 2019

본 연구는 사방오리 추출 분획물의 항산화 활성을 검증하기 위하여 시행되었다. 사방오리는 메탄올(MeOH) 분획에 가장 높은 총 페놀화합물($452.80{\pm}7.01{\mu}g$ gallic acid equivalents/mg)을 그리고 에틸에세테이트(EA) 분획 에 가장 높은 총 플라보노이드 함량($112.29{\pm}11.14{\mu}g$ rutin equivalents/mg)과 가장 높은 총 항산화 활성($936.23{\pm}0.07{\mu}g$ ${\alpha}$-tocopherol equivalents/mg)을 가지고 있었다. 사방오리의 용매 추출분획물에 대한 항산화 활성은 아스코빅산 등 표준 물질과 비교하여 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) 라디칼 소거능 측정, 슈퍼옥사이드 음이온 라디칼 소거능 측정, ${\beta}$-carotene-linoleate 에세이, 환원력 측정, ferric thiocyanate법으로 지질과산화 억제력 측정 그리고 금속 킬레이팅능 측정 등 다양한 항산화 활성을 측정하였다. $250{\mu}g/ml$ 농도의 사방오리 EA와 MeOH 분획은 DPPH 라디칼 소거능 측정에서 각각 92.43와 89.20% 항산화 활성을 가지고 있었다. $50{\mu}g/ml$의 EA분획은 72.49% 슈퍼옥사이드 음이온 라디칼 소거능을 보였으며 이는 gallic acid의 소거능(60.88%)보다 조금 높았다. 또한 ${\beta}$-carotene-linoleic acid 시스템에 의한 과산화 억제능 조사에서 0.5과 1 mg/ml 농도의 EA 분획이 각각 73.45와 73.29% 억제능을 보였다. 항산화 활성은 EA 분획 > BuOH 분획 > DCM분획 > HX분획 순 이였다. 이상의 본 연구 결과에서 사방오리는 천연 항산화제제 개발을 위한 용이하게 접근 가능한 잠재적인 자원으로 판단된다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.605-610
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• 2004

This was aim to study the changes of components by different parts and maturity of tomato. Tomato include the green pigment chlorophyll, the yellow pigment-carotene. the red pigment lycopene and the other component. These colors of tomatoes are reported to have important functional roles to promote health in human. The main objective of this study was to define changes in the content of the four tomato maturation that is ascorbic acid, chlorophyll, carotene, lycopene. A ascorbic acid contents of tomato fruits was the highest at 50th day. Chlorophyll contents of tomatoes fruits was the highest at 10th days after flowering. ${\alpha}$-carotene contained low-quantity while all growth period. ${\beta}$-carotene contained the highest at 50th days after flowering, $1036.97{\mu}g$. Lycopene contained the highest at 50th days after flowering, $5800{\mu}g$.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.708-719
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 104명의 성인남녀를 대상으로 그들의 GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1의 유전적 다형성 분포도를 조사한 결과, 전체 대상자들 중 각각 60명(57.4%), 42명(40.6%)가 GSTT1 과 GSTM1의 유전자를 가지고 있었으며, GSTT1과 GSTM1 유전자가 둘 다를 가진 대상자는 27명(25.7%), 둘 중에 하나만 가지고 있는 사람은 47명(45.5%) 그리고 둘 다 없는 사람은 30명으로 28.7%에 해당되었다. GSTP1 유전자의 경우 homozygous(a/a) wild type은 79명(75.5%)으로 대부분의 대상자가 여기에 해당되었으며, heterozygous(a/b) heterozygous type은 22명(21.6%), 그리고 homozygous(b/b) wild type으로 나타난 대상자는 3명(2.9%)이었다. GSTT1 null type은 산화적 스트레스를 더 많이 받고 있는 것으로 알려진흡연자의 비율이 present 군에 비해 낮음에도 불구하고 적혈구 GSH의 농도는 유의적으로 낮고 임파구 DNA 손상정도는 유의적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. GSTM1 유전자의 경우 적혈구 GSH-Px의 활성만이 GSTM1 null type이 presenttype에 비해 유의적으로 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 나머지 다른 지표에서는 GSTM1 null type과 present type 간의 유의적인 차이가 없었다. GSTP1 유전자 다형성에 따른 항산화 영양상태의 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 흡연과 GST 유전자 다형성의 상호작용결과, 혈장 ${\alpha}$-carotene 농도, 적혈구 GSH-Px와 GST 활성은 GSTT1 null type의 경우 흡연자에 비해 비흡연자가 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며, GSTT1 present type에서는 흡연자와 비흡연자간의 유의적인 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. GSTM1 유전자의 경우 GSTM1의 null type에서 흡연자의 경우 비흡연자에 비해 혈장 ${\gamma}$-tocopherol과 ${\beta}$-carotene 수준이 유의적으로 낮았다. GSTT1과 GSTM1 유전자가 둘 다 없는 경우(both null)에는 흡연자의 혈장 lycopene과 적혈구 GST 활성이 비흡연자에 비해 유의적으로 낮았다. GSTP1 유전자의 경우 혈장 ${\alpha}$-carotene과 적혈구 GSH-Px 활성은 a/a type의 흡연자가 비흡연자에 비해 유의적으로 낮았고, 적혈구 catalase의 활성은 a/b type에서 흡연자가 비흡연자에 비해 유의적으로 낮았으며, ${\beta}$-carotene 농도는 두 type 모두에서 유의적으로 흡연자가 낮았다. 이상의 연구 결과 GST 유전적 다형성에따라 산화, 항산화 관련 효소 활성 및 항산화 영양소 수준의상태가 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었으며, 특히 흡연자의 경우 GST 유전자 type에 따라 항산화 영양상태가 더 큰 영향을 받음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 유전적 다형성에따라 항산화 영양소의 권장수준을 책정하는데 기초연구자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 즉, GSTT1 또는 GSTM1 null type의 경우 비흡연자에 비해 흡연자가 항산화 영양소 수준이 더 낮게 나타났으므로 그들의 체내 항산화 영양 상태를 증가시킬 수 있는 여러 방안들, 즉 항산화 비타민의 보충투여 및 야채와 과일의 섭취 권장 등이 고려될 수 있을 것이다. 또한 GST 유전자 다형성에 따라 항산화 영양상태의 차이가 있으므로 항산화 관련 in vitro 실험, 동물 및 인체 실험의 결과 해석 시 나타나는 개인 간의 변이차이는 GST 유전자 다형성으로 일부분 설명될 수 있으리라 기대된다. 향후대상자의 범위를 좀 더 넓혀서 GST 유전자 다형성과 항산화 영양상태의 관계를 규명하고자 하며 더불어 산화물질 해독에 관여하는 다른 유전자(CYP 450, SULT 등)의 역할에 대해서도 계속적인 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.933-941
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• 2003

It has been suggested that green juice supplementation may have some health promoting benefits. We evaluated the effects of green juice (Angelica keiskei) consumption on parameters of lipid profiles and plasma antioxidant status in healthy male smokers. Fifty-four smokers were supplemented with 300 ml of green juice for 6 weeks while maintaining their normal diet. Blood samples were collected on week 0 and week 6 in order to evaluate plasma lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol) , plasma antioxidant vitamin levels (ascorbic acid, $\alpha$ -tocopherol, ${\gamma}$ -tocopherol, $\alpha$ -carotene, $\beta$ -carotene, cryptoxanthin and lycopene) , the degree of LDL oxidation and GOT, GPT levels for liver function. Plasma ascorbic acid level remained at the same level. However, $\alpha$ -tocopherol and ${\gamma}$ -tocopherol normalized by total cholesterol (p <0.05) and $\beta$ -carotene (p <0.001) level were all significantly increased after green juice supplementation. Plasma cholesterol was reduced for 12%, LDL-cholesterol was reduced for 9.3% after green juice consumption, while plasma triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol was not changed. Oxidized LDL assessed by conjugated diene (CD) , was decreased (p < 0.0001) after green juice consumption. These results further support a role for green juice supplementation in the improvement of lipid status, prevention of lipid peroxidation, and thereby reducing risk factors of numerous diseases associated with elevated oxidative stress in smokers.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.508-512
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• 1999

In order to qualify and quantify carotenoid pigment of pumpukin were analyzed by HPLC column chromatography and spectrophotometry. Eightyseven percent of total carotenoids in the pumpkin was in the fiber amounting 65.33mg%. however flesh and skin contained 6.61 and 3.31mg% respectvely. A silica gel column chromatography of the carotenoids produced 2 different peaks. The components eluted in peak II showed blue color when treated with hydrochloric acid. The fact suggested it contained epoxide and the component in peak II was a monol. By the separation with HPLC. $\alpha$ and $\beta$-carotene were the major compounds in the carotenoids. In fiber the total $\beta$-carotene content was 1.6 times higher than in the flesh and skin. The fiber contained less unidentified compounds than other part which contained 27.3~32.8%.