• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.147-156
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary resveratrol on growth performance, blood biochemical parameters, immunoglobulin, and blood antioxidant activity in broiler chicks. Three hundred twenty one-day old broiler chicks were divided 8 treatments (C(-), basal diet; C(+), basal diet with antibiotics; DL-${\alpha}$-tocopherol 20 IU; DL-${\alpha}$-tocopherol 200 IU; resveratrol 20 ppm; resveratrol 200 ppm; methylated resveratrol 20 ppm; methylated resveratrol 200 ppm) with 4 replicates and 10 birds per replicate. Birds were reared for 35 days, and, at the age of 35 days, eight birds of average weight from each replicate were selected for blood samples collection. There were no significant differences on feed intake and feed conversion ratio. But final body weight and weight gain in antibiotics, resveratrol and methylated resveratrol treatments were significantly higher than no-antibiotics and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol treatments (P<0.05). There were no significant differences on carcass rate and relative organ weights among treatments, however, weights of liver and bursa of februcius in antibiotics, resveratrol and methylated resveratrol treatment were lower than other treatments. Weight of pancreas was high in resveratrol and methylated treatment. On the cecal microflora (total microbes, Coliform bacteria, Salmonella spp., and lactic acid bacteria), these in resveratrol and methylated resveratrol treatments didn't show the differences compared with those in no-antibiotics, antibiotics, and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol treatments. In the serum, there were no significant differences on creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total protein, albumin, globulin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) among treatments, though globulin contents of reseveratrol 200 ppm and methylated resveratrol 20 ppm treatments decreased compared to those of other treatments. Immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG and IgM) were significantly decreased in antibiotics and resveratrol treatments compared to that of no-antibiotics and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol treatments (P<0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) like activity tended to increase in resveratrol groups (P<0.05), however, there was no significant difference on malondiakdehyde (MDA) content among treatments. In conclusion, these results showed that resveratrol derived from mulberry can be used as alternative of antibiotics through improvement of broiler's performance and maintain of health.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2013

As the temperature data show a distribution pattern with a number of peaks, assumption of normal distribution will result in a serious bias in the analysis. In this study, the Gaussian Mixture Distribution (GMD), a type of bimodal distribution, is presumed as a frequency distribution for the water temperature, in order to estimate the optimal parameter and to carry out the relation analysis between the optimal parameter and the basic statistical information such as mean and variance on the data. By the way, an estimation formulae to compute the frequency distribution of the data is developed by computing the parameters of GMD (i.e. ${\alpha}_1$, ${\mu}_1$, ${\sigma}_1$, ${\alpha}_2$, ${\mu}_2$, ${\sigma}_2$) by means of the major characteristic values, such as mean, standard deviation and skewness of the data. The formulae shows an excellent coincidence with the result from the observation data, in the RMS limit accuracy of 5%.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.171-183
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• 1989

A general effect for cell proliferation has been incorporated into Roesch's survival equation (Accumulation Model). From this an isoeffect formula for the low dose-rate regimen is obtained. The prediction for total doses equivalent to 60Gy delivered at the constant dose-rate over 7 days agrees well with the dose-time data of Paterson and of Green, when the parameter ratio A/B (${\approx}{\alpha{\mu}}/2{\beta}\;where\;{\mu}$ is the repair rate) is chosen to be 0.7Gy/h. When a constant proliferation rate and known facts of division delay are assumed, an isoeffect relation between low dose-rate treatment and acute dose-rate treatment can be derived. This formula in the regimens where proliferation is negligible predicts exactly the data of Ellis that 8 fractions of 5 Gy/day for 7 days are equivalent to continuously applied 60Gy over 7days, provided the A/B ratio is 0.7 Gy/h and the $\alpha/\beta$ ratio is 4Gy. Overall agreement between the clinical data and the predictions made by the formula at the above parameter values suggests that the biologcal end points used as the tolerance level in the studies by Paterson, Green, and Ellis all agree and they are not entirely the early effects as generally assumed. The absence of dose-rate effects observed in the mouse KHT sarcoma can better be explained in terms of a large value for the A/B ratio. Similarly, the same total dose used independently of the dose-rate to treat head and neck tumors by Pierquin can be justified.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.857-864
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• 2009

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of interaction between $1{\alpha}$-hydroxycholecalciferol ($1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$) and phytase on growth performance, parameters of tibia and plasma, and meat quality of 1- to 21-d-old broilers. Two hundred and forty male, 1-d-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly assigned to 20 cages, with 12 chicks per cage. Five treatments were designed, with four cages each. A 2${\times}$2 factorial experiment was designed to test 0 and 5 ${\mu}g/kg$ of $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ in combination with 0 and 500 U/kg of phytase. A basal diet was formulated to contain 2.9 g/kg of non-phytate phosphorus (NPP), and the control diet was formulated to contain a normal level of NPP (4.5 g/kg). Results showed that $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ alone increased tibia ash, contents of calcium and phosphate, breaking strength, concentrations of plasma calcium and phosphate, and water-holding capacity of breast and thigh meat, while it decreased growth of broilers. Phytase alone improved performance and tibia quality. Although growth of broilers was lower than that of the positive control when the diet was supplemented with $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ and phytase, tibia quality was significantly improved by the addition of $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ and phytase. These data suggest that interaction between $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ and phytase at 2.9 g/kg of dietary NPP could significantly increase bone quality of 1- to 21-d-old broilers, while not improving growth performance.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.173-182
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• 2013

The early Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor(SeaWiFS) atmospheric correction algorithm which is the basis of the atmospheric correction algorithm for Geostationary Ocean Color Imager(GOCI) assumes that water-leaving radiances is negligible at near-infrared(NIR) wavelengths. For this reason, all of the satellite measured radiances at the NIR wavelengths are assigned to aerosol radiances. However that assumption would cause underestimation of water-leaving radiances if it were applied to turbid Case-2 waters. To overcome this problem, Management Unit of the North Sea Mathematical Models(MUMM) atmospheric correction algorithm has been developed for turbid waters. This MUMM algorithm introduces new parameter ${\alpha}$, representing the ratio of water-leaving reflectance at the NIR wavelengths. ${\alpha}$ is calculated by statistical method and is assumed to be constant throughout the study area. Using this algorithm, we can obtain comparatively accurate water-leaving radiances in the moderately turbid waters where the NIR water-leaving reflectance is less than approximately 0.01. However, this algorithm still underestimates the water-leaving radiances at the extremely turbid water since the ratio of water-leaving radiance at two NIR wavelengths, ${\alpha}$ is changed with concentration of suspended particles. In this study, we modified the MUMM algorithm to calculate appropriate value for ${\alpha}$ using an iterative technique. As a result, the accuracy of water-leaving reflectance has been significantly improved. Specifically, the results show that the Root Mean Square Error(RMSE) of the modified MUMM algorithm was 0.002 while that of the MUMM algorithm was 0.0048.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.705-712
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• 1996

We have previously shown that determination of glucose uptake using ${\alpha}$-methylglucose(${\alpha}$-MG) is very sensitive and rapid parameter for the assessment of loss of cellular fu nction in renal cell line($LLC-PK_1$). The present study was designed to elucidate the mechanism of inhibition of ${\alpha}$-MG uptake and the intracellular site of toxic action of cisplatin(CIS). $LLC-PK_1$ cells were exposed to various concentrations(5 ${\mu}$M-l00 ${\mu}$M) of CIS for 5 hrs or 24 hrs and ${\alpha}$-MG uptake was determined. Mitochondrial function was evaluated by measuring intracellular ATP content and MTT reduction. The activities of marker enzymes for the basolateral membrane(Na$^+$-K$^+$ ATPase) and brush border membrane (alkaline phosphatase: ALP) were also measured. CIS treatment significantly inhibited the ${\alpha}$-MG uptake in a time- and dose-dependent manner above 25 ${\mu}$M for 5 hrs. Intracellular ATP content and MTT reduction were affected by 24 hr-treatment of 50 ${\mu}$M CIS. The activities of Na$^+$-K$^+$ ATPase and ALP were significantly decreased at 10 ${\mu}$M and 5 ${\mu}$M of CIS for 24 hrs, respectively. The incubation with CIS for 5 hrs had no effects on the intracellular ATP content, MTT reduction and the activities of marker enzymes up to 100 ${\mu}$M. These results partly indicate that inhibition of ${\alpha}$-MG uptake by CIS may not be attributed to the disturbance of mitochondrial function or inhibition of the activity of Na$^+$-K$^+$ ATPase and can be resulted from direct effect of CIS on the Na$^+$/glucose cotransporter in brush border membrane. This study shows that additional mechanistic information, indicating the intracellular site of nephrotoxic action, can be gained by coupling the ${\alpha}$-MG uptake and ATP content or the activity of Na$^+$-K$^+$ ATPase.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.87-98
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• 2013

This study was performed a series of the isotropic compression-expansion tests and the drained triaxial tests with various the relative densities 40%, 60%, 80% and 95% for bottom ash. Using the tests results the characteristic of the parameters of Lade's single hardening constitutive model were investigated. The soil parameters Kur and n representing elastic behavior are not much affected by the change of the relative density. The other parameters such as failure criterion(m, ${\eta}_1$), hardening function(c, p) and plastic potential(${\psi}_2$, ${\mu}$) are in a positive linear relationship with the relative density. Since the soil parameters h and ${\alpha}$ representing yield function do not change much to the change of relative density and also closely related to failure criterion, they can be replaced by failure criterion ${\eta}_1$. We also observed that predicted values from the Lade's single hardening constitutive model were well consistent with the observed data.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.191-197
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• 2017

In this study, the visualization of the unsteady flow field of a Weis-Fogh-type water turbine was investigated using particle-image velocimetry. The visualization experiments were performed in a parameter range that provided relatively high-efficiency wing conditions, that is, at a wing opening angle ${\alpha}=40^{\circ}$ and at a velocity ratio of the uniform flow to the moving wing U/V = 1.5~2.5. The flow fields at the opening, translational, and closing stages were investigated for each experimental parameter. In the opening stage, the fluid was drawn in between the wing and wall at a velocity that increased with an increase in the opening angle and velocity ratio. In the translational stage, the fluid on the pressure face of the wing moved in the direction of the wing motion, and the boundary layer at the back face of the wing was the thinnest and had a velocity ratio of 2.0. In the closing stage, the fluid between the wing and wall was jetted at a velocity that increased as the opening angle decreased; however, the velocity was independent of the velocity ratio.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.163-167
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• 1992

Nondestructive neutron activation analysis of copper in high purity Aluminum samples which can be used as a parameter of impurity is investigated and determined. Other 23 trace impurity elements in the samples are also determined. In the analysis of copper, the new irradiation method using thermal column was applied to reduce the interfering activity of 24Na produced by 27Al(n,$\alpha$)24Na reaction induced by fast neutron. As a result, the interference can be reduced to 100 times more than other activation methods. Also the influence by activity of 24Na is found in the range of 2~3 %. It has been observed that the copper contents in so-ratted“six nine”class standard aluminum samples are about 0.54 $\pm$ 0.08 ppm. By the comparison with other values re-ported, our results are reasonable and can be available as a improved routine analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.2263-2271
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• 2015

The thin cylindrical shell structure under compression should be checked with buckling stability. Initial imperfection effects on buckling strength has been investigated by many researchers. Even though there have been a number of these studies, more studies of buckling strength with various initial imperfections are still necessary. In Eurocode, there is a design parameter that is applicable only on specific imperfection by section thickness rather than on various initial imperfection. In this study, structural analyses, using geometry and material nonlinear analysis, of cylindrical buckling strength with various initial imperfection were performed and compared with Eurocode design strength and Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis results. Moreover, the modified design parameter, which gives more exact prediction result of buckling strength under bending with initial imperfection, is proposed for various initial imperfections.