• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.198-201
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• 2000

The capacity of micelle formation between astaxanthin and various surfactants was compared. Tween 20 was identified the most suitable surfactant in terms of astaxanthin extraction capacity. The ethylene oxide group of Tween 20 was identified as the most significant factor to increase the HLB value that determined the extraction capacity. The effect of micelle formation condition, such as molar ratio of astaxanthin and Tween 20, pH and ionic strength was also investigated. pH and ionic strength showed no significant effects. Antioxidant activity of astaxanthin was twice of ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ and 4 times of ${\beta} -carotene$. Crude astaxanthin extract from the yeast cell seemed to be less degraded than pure astaxanthin by air and light exposure, probably because of the presence of other carotenoids and lipids. Under the optimal conditions, the molar ratio of micelle formed was found to be 1 : 12 for astaxanthin : Tween 20.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.193-203
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• 2004

This study examined the changes in the chemical components and antioxidant activity of Ecklonia cava according to the drying methods. As chemical components, the concentrations of minerals(K, Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn), vitamins(vitamin C, ${\beta}$-carotene and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol) and the total polyphenols were analyzed. In additions, the antioxidant activity was determined by measuring the free radical(DPPH radical, superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide) scavenging activity and the linoleic acid peroxidation inhibitory activity. The mineral content was not affected by the drying methods. However, more vitamins were lost and the total polyphenol concentration was reduced as a result of sun-drying than by the other drying methods used. More of the total polyphenol was preserved by freezing-drying than by any of the other drying methods, which meant that there was a higher antioxidant activity after freeze drying.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Community Living Science Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.140-140
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• 2003

호박(Cucurbita moschta DUCH)은 한국인들이 즐겨먹는 식용자원으로서 독특한 향미와 약리작용을 갖고 있다. 또한 기후 환경에 대한 적응력이 높고 병해충에도 비교적 강하여 농약사용이 적은 무공해 식품으로 알려져 있다. 호박의 과육에는 혈전증 예방과 두뇌발달에 기여하는 $\alpha$-linoleic acid가 다량 함유되어 있고, 비타민 A의 전구체인 $\beta$-carotene이 풍부하며, 위장이 약한 사람, 회복기의 환자, 부기가 있는 산모에게 좋은 식품으로 애용되어 왔다. 또한 예로부터 호박씨는 독성이 없으므로 어린이, 임산부, 허약자의 조충, 구제약으로 또는 젖이 잘 나지 않을 때에도 많이 쓰여왔다. 그리고 호박꽃은 잎과 함께 식용으로 널리 이용되었을 뿐 아니라 벌레에 물렸거나 상처 난 곳에 으깨어 문지르면 효과가 있어 민간요법으로 사용되어 왔다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 우리나라 전역에서 쉽게 구할 수 있는 호박꽃의 생리활성능을 검색해 봄으로써 천연기능성 식품 소재로의 활용가능성을 제시해 보고자 하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.223-231
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• 1996

To investigate antioxidant status and platelet antioxidative enzyme activity in patients with ischemic heart disease, 36 male patients admitted to Kyungpook National University Hospital from June to December 1994 were compared to 36 healthy male control subjects. The percentages of heavy smoking and nonexercise were significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control, but the drinking status was not significantly different between groups. Food habit and food frequency scores were significantly lower in patients than in control subjects. Plasma retinol levels tended to be lower in the patient group, and plasma $\alpha$-tocopherol and $\beta$-carotene levels were not different between groups. There was no difference in the level of plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) and in the activities of platelet glutathione peroxidase and catalase. Our results indicate that oxidative stress, which is reflected by the plasma levels of antioxidants and TBARS, did not increase in the patients with ischemic heart disease, and the long-term effects due to smoking, poor food habit and other life styles could possibly contribute to the onset of the disease.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.93-94
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• 2001

Former studies dealing with combined effects caused by chemical compounds in the metabolically competent hepatoma cell line Hep G2 indicated that Hep G2 cells are useful and sensitive indicators for the identification of synergisms of promutagens, comutagens and antimutagens which are relevant in eukryontic (human) cells. In the present study we examined the modulation of DNA damages by the suspected antimutagens ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, alpha-naphthoflavone and beta-naphthoflavone in Hep G2 cells.(omitted)

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.371-384
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• 1995

Ethanol can affect a wide range of organ and organelle systems. Some of its effects are directly due to the action of either ethanol or its metabolites, whereas others are related to nutritional deficencies associated with ethanol intake. Some of the liver damages occurring in alcohol abusers are mainly due to generation of free radical during the metabolism of ethanol and subsequent lipid peroxidation. Acetthrough the formation of free radicals, or depletion of levels of antioxidant substances. When prevent generation of the activity. Several authors have reproted the ethanol-related variation of antioxidants such as $\alpha$-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, selenium and glutathionem which are important thereby promoting deficiencies as well as toxic interactions with vitamin A and $\beta$-carotene. It has been appeared that ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity may be partially prevented by the administration of antioxidants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.200-208
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the change of biologically functional compounds and antioxidant activities in Hizikia fusiformis with drying methods. As biologically functional compounds, the contents of minerals(K, Ca, Ma, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn), vitamins(vitamin C, ${\beta}-carotene\;and\;{\alpha}-tocopherol$) and total polyphenol were analyzed. And antioxidant activity was determined through free radicals(DPPH radical, superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide) scavenging activity and linoleic acid peroxidation inhibitory activity. The contents of minerals were not affected by drying methods however vitamins and total polyphenol were lost more by sun-drying than other drying methods studies. Total polyphenol was preserved by freezing-drying than other drying methods studies, resulting in high antioxidant activities.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2001

Factors such as temperature $(20,\;60^{\circ}C)$), pH (4.5, 7.0), gaseous phase $(N_2,\;0_2)$, and light (0 lux, 5,000 lux), antioxidants and packaging conditions were investigated to study the effects of above factors on the chlorophyll components in spinach during storage. Regardless of other factors, as the storage temperature increased from $20^{\circ}C$ to $60^{\circ}C$ and pH decreased from 7.0 to 4.5, the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in spinach decreased significantly (P<0.05). The amounts of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in spinach stored in nitrogen gas were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those in sample in oxygen phase. As the light intensity increased from 0 lux to 5,000 lux during storage, the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in spinach significantly (P<0.05) decreased. The antioxidants reduced the degradation of chlorophyll a in a model system during dark storage by minimization of free radical oxidation. The effectiveness of antioxidants decreased as following orders; ${\alpha}-tocopherol$>ascorbic acid>${\beta}-carotene$>catechin>quercetin>rutin>kaempherol>caffeic acid>chlorogenic acid>p-coumaric acid>ferulic acid. The degradation of chlorophyll a in a model system during light storage was minimized by antioxidants due to the reduction of singlet oxygen oxidation. The antidiscoloring potential of antioxidants decreased as following orders; ${\beta}-carotene$>${\alpha}-tocopherol$>ascorbic acid>catechin>quercetin>rutin>kaem-pherol>caffeic acid>chlorogenic acid>p-coumaric acid>ferulic acid. The amounts of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in freeze dried spinach packed with polyethylene bag were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those in non-packed freeze dried spinach. The package of spinach in polyethylene bag with the combination of antioxidants could be used to minimize the degradation of chlorophyll components in spinach during storage.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate the associations of non alcoholic fatty liver with metabolic syndrome and the serum carotenoids. Methods : This study was conducted in a general hospital in South Korea from November, 2004 to August, 2005. The study subjects were 350 sampled persons who were aged from 40 years and older (males : 180, females : 170). They were grouped into the normal, mild and severe groups according to fat accumulation in their livers, as determined by ultrasonography. We analyzed the association between non alcoholic fatty liver and metabolic syndrome by multiple logistic regression analysis and we analyzed the association between non alcoholic fatty liver and the serum carotenoids by a general linear model(ANCOVA). Results : After adjustment for the effect of potential covariates, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was associated with fat accumulation in the liver (p trend <0.001). If the odds ratio of normal group is 1.00, then that of the mild group is 2.80 (95% C.I=1.17-6.71) and that of the severe group is 7.29 (95% C.I=2.76-19.30). The prevalence of metabolic alterations fitting the criteria of metabolic syndrome, according to the class of fat accumulation in the liver, was significantly increased, except for criteria of high blood pressure, a large waist circumference and low HDL (high density lipoprotein) cholesterol level (p trend <0.001). The level of serum ${\beta}$-carotene was decreased according to the class of fat accumulation in the liver (p trend=0.036), but the levels of serum ${\alpha}$-carotene, lycopene, ${\beta}$-cryptoxanthin and lutein were not decreased. Conclusions : This study shows that non alcoholic fatty liver was associated with metabolic syndrome and with the serum ${\beta}$-carotene level.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.653-664
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• 2012

Objective: This study assessed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of $E.$ $foetidum$ leaf extract on LPS-activated murine macrophages. Methods: RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with or without $E.$ $foetidum$ extract for 1 h prior to incubation with LPS for 24 h. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated with reference to iNOS, COX-2, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 gene expression. In addition, NO and intracellular ROS generation were determined by Griess method and fluorescence intensity and activation of MAPKs and $I{\kappa}B$ by Western blotting. Results: Prior treatment with $E.$ $foetidum$ leaf extract inhibited elevation of IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, iNOS and COX-2, together with their cognate mRNAs in a dose-dependent manner. NO and intracellular ROS contents were similarly reduced. These effects were due to inhibition of LPS-induced phosphorylation of JNK and p38 as well as $I{\kappa}B$. $E.$ $foetidum$ ethanol extract were shown to contain lutein, ${\beta}$-carotene, chlorogenic acid, kaempferol and caffeic acid, compounds known to exert these bioactive properties. Conclusions: $E.$ $foetidum$ leaf extract possesses suppressive effects against pro-inflammatory mediators. Thus, $E.$ $foetidum$ has a high potential to be used as a food supplement to reduce risk of cancer associated with inflammation.