• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.318-323
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• 1990

The bacterial secondary production was measured at 6 sites of Lake Soyang in October, 1989 by $^{3}$H-thymidine incorporation rate. Verfication for the method of bacterial secondary production measurement showed that $^{3}$H-thymidine incorporated into DNA, RNA and protein by average percentage of 38.45, 42.27 and 20.07%, respectively. THe more increased incoporated $^{3}$H-thymidine, the more increasde DNA fraction, but protein fraction was generally low. Incorporation of rate of /usp 3/H-thymidine. $^{3}$H-leucine into protein correlated with protein fraction of incorporated $^{3}$H-thymidine. Conversion factors were calculated as follows; $1.83*10 ^{20}$ cells/moles of thymidine incorporated/hr and 1.69*10$^{22}$ cells/moles of leucine incorporated/hr.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.130-138
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• 1989

Microbiological parameters such as bacterial biovolume and biomass in Soyang Reservoir was statistically analyzed with the physico-chemical enviromental factors. Analysis of correlation and multiple regression showed that temperature affects most of microbiological parameters. Variations of total bacterial number, total bacterial biovolume and saprophyte number were highly correlatd with the concentrations of chlorophyll a and pheophytin a. Bacterial production by the $^{3}H$-thymidine incorporation rate was largely affected by Seston. It suggests that microbiological factors such as bacterial biovolume and bacterial biomass were controled by the concentration of seston and distribution of phytoplankton which acts as carbon and energy source for the bacterial community in the water column of Soyang Reservoir.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.83-93
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• 1985

The ability of $^{67}Ga$, administered carrier free as the citrate complex, to localize in human and animal tumors to an extent sufficient to permit visualization of the lesion by scanning is well established. However, neither the mechanism of $^{67}Ga$ uptake by tumors or inflammatory cells nor its relationship to cell type or to the biochemical status of the cell is yet understood. Author investigated the uptake of $^{67}Ga-citrate$ using subcellular tissue fractionation of rat livers treated with $CCl_4$ associated with the $^3H-thymidine$ incorporation rate to detect subcellular localization of $^{67}Ga$ and it's relationship in DNA synthesis. Large amounts of $^{67}Ga$ associated with the soluble portion of tissue homogenate rather than with isolated cell organelles and not related nuclei residue in the regenerating period after hepatocellular injury caused by $CCl_4$. The elevated uptake of $^{67}Ga$ in the livers of $CCl_4$ treated rats was also inhibited when protein synthesis was stopped by cyclohexamide. Thus protein and the soluble portion of issue homogenates seems to play an important role in the elevated uptake of $^{67}Ga$ in liver injury induced by $CCl_4$ treated rats.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.126-133
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• 1998

Effects of B(a)P on preimplantation mouse embryos in vitro were studied. Preimplantation mouse embryos were exposed to a concentration of 0.3, 1, 3 and 10 $\mu$M B(a)P for 72 hrs. The toxicological effects of B(a)P were evaluated by morphological observation of embryos up to the blastocyst stage, and by measuring DNA, RNA and protein synthesis by radioactive precursor incorporation. At 1 $\mu$M B(a)P did not affect preimplantation development but interfered with hatching and ICM formation. Suppressing effect of ICM formation was dose dependent. At the eight cell stage, the developmental rate was decreased at above 3 $\mu$M of B(a)P. At the blastocyst stage, attachment and trophoblast outgrowth were diminished at the 10 $\mu$M of B(a)P and ICM formation was decreased at 1 $\mu$M of B(a)P. Inner cell number of blastocyst was decreased dose dependently. So, number of ICM was one of the most sensitive and toxicological end point. The RNA incorporation rate of 0.1 $\mu ^3$H-uridine was dosedependent and the protein incroporation of 0.5 $\mu Ci ^{35}$S-methionine showed a significant decrease after 48 hrs. But the DNA incorporation rate of methyl-$^3$H thymidine was not affected. Our results suggested that B(a)P did not affect the DNA replication but transcription was inhibited by dose dependent manner. There delay of development during the blastocyst stage was mainly due to the inhibition of RNA synthesis followed by protein synthesis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.661-674
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• 2010

Bacterial biomass and its activity were measured in two kinds of granular activated carbon (GAC), the experimental and existing biofiltration system in a drinking water plant. The bacterial biomass was around 210 to 250 nmol P/g WW with phospholipid concentration at acclimation of ozonation treatment. The phospholipid biomass shows more or less a declining gradient along filter depth and no clear seasonality in its values. On the other hand, the microbial activity of [$^3H$]-thymidine and [$^{14}C$]-acetate incorporation within cells increased significantly along the filter depth, showing the difference of three fold between the upper and bottom layer. These factors support the different microbial composition or metabolic activity along the depth of GAC column. Turnover rates, the rate of bacterial biomass and production of biofilm, ranged from 0.26 /hr to 0.37 /hr, indicating a highly rapid recovery itself at amature state. In the non-ozonation treatment, the bacterial biomass was lower than in the ozonation and biological activity also declined towards the filter depth. The biomass levels during cessation of ozonation in the existing GAC filters were 68% of the actively ozonated state.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.6 s.65
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• pp.929-941
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• 1997

Optimal force for orthodontic treatment is the force that produces a rapid rate of tooth movement without discomfort to the Patient or ensuing tissue damage. Recently considerable interest has been generated in the application of magnets as a way to obtain an optimal force. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of static magnetic fields of Sm-Co magnets on molecular and cellular activities. The distance of erythrocyte sedimentation was measured directly, and the activities and the syntheses of $Fe^{2+}$-related enzymes (catalase and NO synthase) and non $Fe^{2+}$-related enzyme (lactic dehydrogenase) were assayed by the spectrophotometer. The growth and the proliferation of osteoblast-like cells $MC_3T_3-E_1$ were determined by the crystal violet staining and the ${^3}H$-thymidine incorporation. The erythrocytes were exposed to the pole face flux density of 1,400 G (gauss), and the enzymes and osteoblast-like cells $MC_{3}T_3-E_1$ were exposed to the flux density of 7,000 G. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The distance of sedimentation of erythrocyte was not affected by the static magnetic fields. 2. The activities of catalase and lactic dehydrogenase were not affected by the static magnetic fields. 3. The intracellular syntheses of NO synthase and lactic dehydrogenase were not affected by the static magnetic fields. 4. The growth and the proliferation of cultured osteoblast-like cells $MC_{3}T_3-E_1$ were not affected by the static magnetic fields. These results suggested that the molecular and cellular activities were not significantly influenced by the static magnetic fields.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5653-5657
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• 2012

Objectives: To investigate the effect of glycopeptide-preferring polypeptide GalNAc transferase 1 (ppGalNAc T1 ) targeted RNA interference (RNAi) on the growth and migration of human bladder carcinoma EJ cells in vitro and in vivo. Methods: DNA microarray assays were performed to determine ppGalNAc Ts(ppGalNAc T1-9) expression in human bladder cancer and normal bladder tissues. We transfected the EJ bladder cancer cell line with well-designed ppGalNAc T1 siRNA. Boyden chamber and Wound healing assays were used to investigate changes of shppGalNAc T1-EJ cell migration. Proliferation of shppGalNAc T1-EJ cells in vitro was assessed using [3H]-thymidine incorporation assay and soft agar colony formation assays. Subcutaneous bladder tumors in BALB/c nude mice were induced by inoculation of shppGalNAc T1-EJ cells and after inoculation diameters of tumors were measured every 5 days to determine gross tumor volumes. Results: ppGalNAc T1 mRNA in bladder cancer tissues was 11.2-fold higher than in normal bladder tissues. When ppGalNAc T1 expression in EJ cells was knocked down through transfection by pSUPER-shppGalNAc T1 vector, markedly reduced incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into DNA of EJ cells was observed at all time points compared with the empty vector transfected control cells. However, ppGalNAc T1 knockdown did not significantly inhibited cell migration (only 12.3%). Silenced ppGalNAc T1 expression significantly inhibited subcutaneous tumor growth compared with the control groups injected with empty vector transfected control cells. At the end of observation course (40 days), the inhibitory rate of cancerous growth for ppGalNAc T1 knockdown was 52.5%. Conclusion: ppGalNAc T1 might be a potential novel marker for human bladder cancer. Although ppGalNAc T1 knockdown caused no remarkable change in cell migration, silenced expression significantly inhibited proliferation and tumor growth of the bladder cancer EJ cell line.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.44-47
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• 2000

Cell growth and DNA synthesis were studied from a cultured early- and late- pas- sage mouse aorta smooth muscle cell (MASMC) because the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) is a key factor in development of atherosclerosis. In this study, the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum (FBS) and stimulated by growth factors such as thrombin and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). Compared to the number of early-passage MASMC (passage 3 to 9) the number of late-passage MASMC (passage 30 to 40) in a normal serum state was increased 2 fold at Day 1, 3 and 6 in culture, respectively. Incorporation of $[^3H]$ thymidine into DNA induced by serum, PDGF and thrombin in late-passage MASMC was greater than those in early-passage MASMC. We also examined whether intracellular zinc levels would be an aging factor or not. The intracellular zinc level in early- and late-passage MASMC was monitored by using the zinc probe dye N-(6-methoxy-8-quinolyl)-p-toluenesulfonamide. It is interested that late-passage MASMC increased the intracellular fluorescence level of zinc, more than the early passage MASMC did. The alterations of intracellular zinc level occur concurrently with changes in MASMC proliferation rate during aging. This data suggest that the age-associated changes in zinc concentrations may provide a new in vitro model for the study of smooth muscle cell differentiation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.22
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• pp.9853-9857
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• 2014

Background: The morbidity and mortality rate of liver cancer continues to rise in China and advanced cases respond poorly to chemotherapy. Ribosomal protein L24 has been reported to be a potential therapeutic target whose depletion or acetylation inhibits polysome assembly and cell growth of cancer. Materials and Methods: Total RNA of cultured amycin-resistant and susceptible HepG2 cells was isolated, and real time quantitative RT-PCR were used to indicate differences between amycin-resistant and susceptible strains of HepG2 cells. Viability assays were used to determine amycin resistance in RPL24 transfected and control vector and null-transfected HepG2 cell lines. Results: The ribosomal protein L24 transcription level was 7.7 times higher in the drug-resistant HepG2 cells as compared to susceptible cells on quantitative RT-PCR analysis. This was associated with enhanced drug resistance as determined by methyl tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation. Conclusions: The ribosomal protein L24 gene may have effects on drug resistance mechanisms in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells.

• THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ORIENTAL ONCOLOGY
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.109-116
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• 2001

By applying in vitro invasion assay model, we examined the anti-metatstastic effect of ChunghjagamTang(CLJGT). In 3H-thymidine incorporation assay, CLJGT treated groups showed the decreased DNA synthesis rate compared with control group. Gelatin zymogram assay showed that CLJGT decreases the gelatinolytic activity of MMP-9 from A-549, at the concentration of $800{\mu}g/ml$. We examined whether CLJGT inhibits the invasion of A-549 cells through the matrigel precoated transwell chamber. The results showed that CLJGT effectively inhibited the invasion of A-549 as compared with the control (+PMA) groups. From our research, part of mechanism underlying anti-metastastic effect of CLJGT was proven in vitro.