• 핵의학기술
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.25-29
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• 2009

Purpose: Several radioactive agents were used for lymphoscintigraphy in breast cancer. But recently, due to the change of local radiopharmaceutical licensing policy and discontinuation of supplies from manufacturer, we could not use many radiocolloids such as $^{99m}Tc$-Antimony Trisulfide Colloid, $^{99m}Tc$-Tin Colloid, $^{99m}Tc$-Human Serum Albumin. So it is necessary to use the substitution radiopharmaceutical. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the performance of substitution radiopharmaceutical ($^{99m}Tc$-Phytate) including the existing radiocolloids and to set up of the appropriate protocol in lymphoscintigraphy. Materials and Methods: For each radiocolloids ($^{99m}Tc$-Antimony Trisulfide Colloid (ASC), $^{99m}Tc$-Tin Colloid (TC), $^{99m}Tc$-Human Serum Albumin (HSA), $^{99m}Tc$-Phytate) were performed the particle size by Zeta Sizer (Nano-ZS) and we compared the radiolabeling time, procedure and acquisition time for each of the radiocolloids (total 200 patients). For the last time, we made an analysis of image for each of the radiocolloids with our previous report (SJ Jang et al, Korean Nucl Med Mol imaging Vol.41, No.6, Dec 2007). Results: The particle size of each radiocolloids showed A.S.C (50 nm), T.C (310 nm), H.S.A (10.8 nm), $^{99m}Tc$-Phytate (499 nm). The labeling and acquisition time for each of the radiocolloids showed no substantial difference. But there is difference of the labeling time for the A.S.C. because the ASC procedure need to boiling process. There were no significant differences among those radiocolloids (p>0.005) in the identification rate (IR), false negative rate (FNR), and negative predictive value (NPV). Conclusions: $^{99m}Tc$-labeled radiocolloids showed equivalent results in lymphoscintigraphy. Therefore, in this exam of each radiocolloids could be applied appropriate protocol in lymphoscintigraphy.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.3-16
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• 1989

In order to investigate the in vivo effect of $^{60}Co$ radiation on rabbit liver, the uptake ratio and regional excretory value in hepatocytes and Kupffer cells were estimated during acute and chronic hepatic injuries. The left lobe of liver was irradiated at 15 Gy or 30 Gy with a single dose and subsequent changes were analysed with a seial nuclear medicine imaging by using $^{99m}Tc-phytate,\;^{99m}Tc-DISIDA\;and\;^{99m}Tc-HSA$ and resulting data were computerized. The degree of hepatic damage, duration of the injury, and recovery pattern after the irradation were in agreement with the findings of other investigations. However, out values were more quantitative evacuation than those of other publications. Recovery of decreased uptake of $^{99m}Tc-phytate$ was delayed approximately $2{\sim}3$ days later than that of $^{99m}Tc-DISIDA$. In acute radiation induced injury, the results demonstrated that the recovery of Kupffer cells was delayed more than that of hepatocytes. This discrepancy was considered due to the differences in repair activities between these cell types. The decreased of regional excretory value in irradiated area was found to be dose-dependent but had no corelation with regional uptakes of DISIDA and phytate. The decreased of regional excretory value observed in non-irradiated region suggested that irradiated liver might induce an indirect effect.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제13권1_2호
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• pp.73-76
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• 1979

A case of hepatic hemangioma is presented in which blood pool imaging by $^{99m}Tc$-HSA provided a definite diagnostic clue. Cavernous hemangiomas are the most common benign tumor of the liver. But the majority of them are asymptomatic and are found incidentally at laparotomy or autopsy. Selective hepatic arteriogrophy has been the most helpful technique for the preoperative diagnosis. Recently radioisotope scan and ultrasonogram proved to be a new, definite and non-invasive diagnostic procedure.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 1986

This study was performed to establish normal hepatoscintiangiographic(HSA) pattern of hepatic blood flow and to investigate dynamic differential HSA findings of primary and metastatic carcinomas and abscess of the liver. HSA was carried out after intravenous bolus injection of 10 mCi of Tc-99m-phytate by obtaining sequential anterior images of 1-second exposure for 16 seconds. Observations included (1) baseline study of normal hepatic blood flow pattern by correlating with contrast angiogram, (2) time sequence phasing of normal HSA, and (3) analysis of altered patterns in primary and metastatic carcinomas and abscesses of the liver. Materials consisted of 20 normal subjects, 28 primary hepatocellular carcinomas, 16 metastatic carcinomas and 7 liver abscesses. Results were: (1) Normal HSA demonstrated 3 distinct phases of arterialization(AP), of arterial hepatogram(AHP), and of portal venous hepatogram(PVHP). The means of each phase were 5.3, 6.3 and 8.3 seconds, respectively. Portal vein could be seen in all but one of 20 normal subjects. (2) Pattern changes in diseases groups were early start of AP in carcinomas and very early start of AP in abscesses. AP became prolonged in all disease group. (3) Distinction between AHP was sharp in metastasis and abscesses but un sharp in primary hepatoma. Cold area or areas became vascularized in primary hepatoma but not in abscess. Cold areas of metastasis were inhomogeneously vascularized in late AP and throughout AHP and became relatively vascular as PVHP began. The cold area of abscess showed rim enhancement during AH and APH. These differences in HSA pattern were very useful in differential diagnosis of the diseases studied.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.181-185
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• 1986

To estimate the penile blood flow changes during artificial with erection intracorporeal papaverine injection, we injected 99 m Technitium-Human Serum Albumin via antecubital vein simultaneously and calculate the radioisotope activity of the penis using computerized Gamma Camera. We classified the results into 3 groups according to the transit time, erection persistent time and venous index in 67 impotence patients. We defined the arteriogenic impotence with the delayed transit time (more than 600 seconds) in 13 patients and venogenic with the shortened erection persistant time (less than 200 seconds) and decreased venous index (less than 0.8) in 11 patients. The rest of them (43 patients) were regarded as equivocal impotence, probably nonvasculogenic or psychogenic.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.35-39
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• 2010

감시림프절 검사에는 $^{99m}Tc$-ASC, $^{99m}Tc$-Tin colloid, $^{99m}Tc$-HSA 등이 사용되었으나 공급 제한으로 간 스캔에 사용되고 있는 $^{99m}Tc$-phytate를 대체 방사성의약품으로 사용하고 있다. 이에 저자들은 phytate의 입자 크기 분포를 알아보고 200 nm 필터 사용유무에 따른 영상을 획득 분석하여 감시림프절 검사 시 필터 사용의 적절성을 판단하고자 하였다. Photal사의 ELS-8000 장비를 이용하여 phytate kit의 입자크기 분포를 측정 하였다. 동물 실험은 생후 12~15주령, 체중 250~300 g 암컷 백서를 사용하였으며, 전신 마취 후 앙와 위로 고정시켜 영상을 획득하였다. 비교군으로 여과시키지 않은 $^{99m}Tc$-phytate를 실험군으로는 200 nm 필터를 이용하여 여과시킨 $^{99m}Tc$-phytate를 백서의 발가락 사이에 피하주사 하였다. 6마리의 백서를 3~4일 간격으로 비교군과 대조군으로 그룹을 나누어 2회씩 실시 하였으며, 주사 후 1시간 지연영상을 얻은 후 서혜부에 관심영역을 설정하였으며 비정상적인 집적이 없는 부위를 선별하여 픽셀당 카운트를 얻었다. 세포 실험은 RAW 264.7 세포를 이용하여 비교군과 실험군에 $^{99m}Tc$-phytate를 넣어주고 30분 동안 배양시켜 감마카운터를 이용하여 각각의 분 당 카운트 값을 측정하였다. 이 값들은 SPSS 12.0 프로그램을 이용하여 통계 검정하였다. Phytate를 생리식염수에 용해시킨 후 측정 결과 평균 직경은 130~650 nm가 $85{\pm}5%$ 정도였으나 200 nm 필터를 이용하여 여과시킨 후의 입자 크기는 용매 내 phytate 입자의 농도가 너무 낮아 측정할 수 없었다. 획득한 영상을 분석한 결과 비교군에서는 $60.2{\pm}4.88$ count/pixel, 실험군에서는 $58.3{\pm}5.97$ count/pixel 값을 보였다. 세포 실험에서 실험군의 카운트 값은 $17,152{\pm}1,165$ cpm이고 비교군은 $16,908{\pm}1,075$ cpm을 보였다. 동물 실험과 마찬가지로 세포 실험에서도 통계적 차이는 보이지 않았다. 이번 실험을 통하여 phytate의 사이즈가 매우 분산적이며 균일하지 못 하다는 사실을 확인하였으며, 동물 실험과 세포실험을 통한 필터 사용의 적절성을 판단한 결과 phytate를 이용한 감시림프절 검사에서 필터를 사용하는 방법은 결과에 큰 영향을 미치지 않는다는 것을 확인하였다.