• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1492-1496
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• 2007

In vitro IgE class switching could be induced through co-culture of CD40L-expressing KU812 cells and CD40-expressing B cells in the presence of IL-4 or IL-13. It has been generated several B cell lines, which produce rice allergen (RA)-specific IgM antibody by in witγo immunization (IVI) using peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL). In this study, induction of RA-specific IgE antibody by KU812 cells was attempted. Before co-culture, we determined the CD40 expression in RA-specific B cell lines, RA9G11 and the CD40 ligand (CD40L) expression in activated KU812 cells by treatments with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and ionomycin for 6 hrs. Flow cytometric analysis shown that RA9G11 and activated KU812 cells expressed high level of CD40 and CD40L, respectively. RA9G11 cells were cultured with activated KU812 cells for 12 days in the presence of IL-4 for IgE class switching. Mature $C{\varepsilon}$ mRNA level and RA-specific IgE spot forming cells (SFC) were observed in all culture condition, and especially, high level of RA-specific IgE synthesis was determined the same ratio of RA9G11 and activated KU812 cells in the presence of 50U IL-4. Therefore, induction of RA-specific IgE synthesis by activated KU812 cells can be contributed in the application for allergic therapy and prevention.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.83 no.4
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• pp.473-479
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• 1994

This study was carried out to get the basic data for obtaining water resources continuously. Water storage of forest land was estimated by effective water storage based on classifying soil pore. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. Percentage of coarse pores were in the order : Forest>Bare land>Grasses. As soil depth increased, total pores, coarse pores, and maximum water content were decreased, while fine pores increased. 2. Soil pore percentage and physical properties of surface layer(0~20cm) were significantly different among forest floor conditions. However, there were no difference in soil pore percentage and physical properties in 20~40cm and 40~60cm according to forest floor conditions. In the same plot, on the other hand, soil pore percentage and physical properties were significantly different between surface layer(0~20cm) and 20~40cm, but there were no differences between 20~40cm and 40~60cm. 3. Effective water storage was highly correlated with coarse pore in all plots. 4. The model for water storage capacity of each forest floor condition expressed by effective water storage was produced using coarse pores and soil depth.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.40.1-40.1
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• 2005

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.145-154
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• 2002

NiCr-heaters with three different thicknesses ranging from 400 nm to 800 nm were fabricated and their characteristics were compared for the purpose of developing a chromel-alumel multijunction thermal converter for low input voltage with low frequency. The thermoelectric effect-induced AC-DC voltage transfer difference of the thermal converter with a built-in NiCr-heater of 400 nm-thickness was ${\pm}0.51{\sim}1.69\;ppm$ in the DC reversing frequency of $40\;Hz{\sim}10\;kHz$ with appling $0.5\;V_{rms}$ and the difference was increased to ${\pm}40{\sim}{\pm}115\;ppm$ in the frequency of $40\;Hz{\sim}1\;MHz$, when both thermoelectric effects and frequency effects were considered, showing the thermal converter would be suitable for the low input voltage application with low frequency.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.49-56
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• 2001

Ocular lesions induced in 40 specific-pathogen-free Marek's disease (MD) resistant chicks by inoculation at 1 day of age with very virulent strain of Marek's disease virus (WV) were pathologically examined. Grossly,24/40 (60%) chicks had white gel-like materials in the vitreous body, whereas thickening and discoloration of iris (gray eye) were not observed. Microscopically, characteristic ocular MD lesions were observed in choroid (27/40), ciliary (30/40) and iris (23/40) in which small focal inflammatory to diffuse neoplastic Iymphoid cells were infiltrated. Five out of 40 MDV-inoculated birds revealed necrotizing Iymphomas in choroid. These lesions consisted of necrotic and degenerating Iymphoblasts accompanied by intranuclear inclusion body. There was retinal atrophy and necrosis with inclusion body detected in necrotic ganglion, inner or outer nuclear and infiltrated Iymphoblast cells. Conjunctiva showed lymphoid cell infiltration in 29/40 chicks inoculated with MDV, Vitreous body exhibited mild to severe exudation of eosinophilic proteinaceous material in 24/40 chicks. These lesions were associated with Iymphoid cell infutration, edema and fibrosis of choroid. Pecten (7/40) and optic nerve (13/40) were infiltrated usually mildly with Iymphoid cells. From these results, very virulent strain, Md/5 of MDV caused high incidence of ocular lesions in MD resistant chicks. In addition, Md/5 induced exudation of proteinaceous material into the vitreous body and fibrosis of choroid. Necrotizing ocular Iymphoma lesions in choroid is the first report in the MD literature.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.77-77
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• 2018

천마(Gastrodia elata)는 연중생산을 위해 실내시설 재배 시 생육모델을 구죽하고, 생육단계에 따른 온도, 수분, $CO_2$ 등 환경 조건 설정이 필요하다. 본 연구는 천마의 생육단계 중 괴경형성기와 괴경비대기의 수분함량을 설정하여 최적의 환경조건을 찾기 위해 수행하였다. 먼저 괴경형성기 수분함량 공급은 괴경형성기에 -20kPa, -30kPa, -40kPa로 처리하여 120일간 배양한 뒤, 괴경비대기를 -40kPa로 고정하여 60일간 배양하였다. 반면, 괴경비대기 수분함량 공급은 괴경형성기를 -30kPa로 고정하여 120일간 배양한 뒤 괴경비대기에 -20kPa, -30kPa, -40kPa, -50kPa로 처리하여 60일간 배양하였다. Tensiometer(토양수분장력계)기를 설치하여 수분을 공급하였고, FDR센서 (UbiMas, CoCo sensor, Frequency domain reflectometry type)를 배양토의 깊이 5 cm와 15 cm에 2개를 설치하여 평균값으로 수분함량을 측정하였으며, 전체수량, 성마율, 종마율 등을 조사하였다. FDR센서로 수분함량을 측정한 결과, -20 kPa은 43.3%, -30 kPa은 34.7%, -40 kPa은 29.8%, -50 kPa은 25.3%로 측정되었다. 괴경형성기 수분함량 처리 후 수확기의 상자 당 전체수량은 -30 kPa일 때 985 g으로 가장 많았고, -40 kPa일 때 912 g, -20 kPa일 때 703 g으로 처리간의 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 성마율은 수분함량처리별 각각 25, 34, 30% 이었고, 종마율은 수분함량처리별 각각 53, 73, 65%로 나타났다. 따라서 -30 kPa 처리구가 다른 처리구에 비해 전체수량, 성마율, 종마율 등이 유의적으로 우수하였다. 괴경비대기 수분 함량 처리 후 수확기의 상자 당 전체수량은 -40 kPa일 때 992 g으로 가장 많았고, -50 kPa일 때 955 g, -30 kPa일 때 903 g, -20 kPa일 때 686 g 순으로 나타났다. -30 kPa에서 -50 kPa 사이에서는 전체 수량의 유의성 차이는 없었다. 성마율은 수분함량처리별 각각 20, 30, 35, 33%이었고, 종마율은 수분함량처리별 각각 45, 65, 75, 68%로 나타났다. 따라서 -40 kPa 처리구가 다른 처리구에 비해 전체수량, 성마율, 종마율 등이 유의적으로 우수하였다. 반면 -20 kPa 처리구는 과도한 수분으로 천마가 오히려 부패될 수 있는 환경조건이 조성됨에 따라 성마율, 종마율 등 전체적인 수량 감소에 영향을 미친 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.3
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• pp.259-268
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• 2007

This study was conducted to produce forest thematic maps and estimate forest statistics for Pyeongchang Gun using the kNN technique, which has been applied to produce thematic maps of variables of interest including unobserved plots by combining field plot data, remotely sensed data and other digital map data in forest inventories. The estimation errors for three horizontal reference areas (HRAs), whose radii are 20, 40 and 60 km respectively, were compared. Although the precision for the 40 km radius was lower compared to that for the 60 km radius, the 40 km radius was found to be an efficient HRA because their difference in precision was modest. At a value of k=5 nearest neighbors for the selected HRA, the overall accuracy was high. As a result, using the k=5 neighbors within the HRA of 40 km radius, thematic maps of number of trees, basal area, and growing stock per hectare were generated. As compared to the forest statistics based on field sample plots, the estimated means of each parameter from the produced maps were underestimated.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.185-191
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• 2015

This research was carried out to determine the differences of physiological activites between Grifola frondosa of log cultivation(LC) and Grifola frondosa of bottle cultivation(BC). Total flavonoids content, total phenolics content, electron donating ability(EDA), nitrite-scavenging ability(NSA), SOD-like activity and inhibitory effect of Xanthine oxidase were examined. The highest value of total flavonoid content is $5.96{\pm}0.81mg/g$ in water extract from Grifola frondosa of log cultivation at $40^{\circ}C$ (LC-W40) but, one of total phenolics compound is $44.53{\pm}0.89mg/g$ in water extract from Grifola frondosa of bottle cultivation at $40^{\circ}{\cdots}$ (BC-W40). The EDA using DPPH of BC-W40 extract showed the highest value of $97.14{\pm}0.71%$. Nitrite-scavenging ability was $62.55^{\circ}{\ae}0.36%$ in extract from Grifola frondosa of BC-W40 at pH 1.2. The value was SOD-like activity showed the highest value of $18.95^{\circ}{\ae}1.39%$ in extract from LC-W40. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity was the highest value of $54.31{\pm}0.40%$ in extract from Grifola frondosa BC-W40, and dependent on concentrations. These results showed that a the antioxidant effects of Grifola frondosa is excellent. However, physiological activities of Grifola frondosa were not depend on caltivation method regulary, and were different according to kind of solvents, concentraitions and physialogical factors examined such as EDA, SOD-like activity and NSA.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.4
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• pp.648-655
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• 2012

This research is aimed at suggesting the reasonable guideline for managing tree density of a therapeutic forest to enhance the therapeutic efficiency. To obtain visually preferable tree density for 4 coniferous tree species; Pinus koraiensis, Chamaecyparis obtusa, Pinus densiflora, Larix kaempferi, the simulations of tree density according to the 3 diameter classes are used. 250 people participated in questionnaire and 239 people of them were analyzed. The tree density preferences of 4 tree species are as follows; Pinus koraiensis forest; tree density for trees with Diameter (DBH=D)<25 cm about 816/ha, tree density for trees with 25=D<40 about 400/ha and tree density for trees with 40=D about 277/ha. Chamaecyparis obtusa forest; tree density for trees with D<25 about 625/ha, tree density for trees with 25=D<40 about 625/ha and tree density for trees with 40=D about 400/ha. Pinus densiflora forest; tree density for trees with D<25 about 816/ha, tree density for trees with 25=D<40 about 625/ha and tree density for trees with 40=D about 400/ha. Larix kaempferi forest; tree density for trees with D<25 about 625/ha, tree density for trees with 25=D<40 about 625/ha and tree density for trees with 40=D about 277/ha.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.990-991
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• 2015

To drive a magnetron injection gun, thsi paper decribes a design, fabrication and analysis results of proposed compact capacitor charging power supply (CCPS) formed resonant full-bridge inverter for electron gun power supply (EGPS). EGPS needs the -40 kV output voltage and 280 kW output power for few seconds continuously and have to be designed for the rise and fall time to be less than 1 ms with the ripple stability of output voltage of lower than 1%. In order to meet the requirements, we used eight resonant full-bridge modules operated in parallel. Each resonant full-bridge module can supply the current of 0.9 A and the voltage of 40 kV, and is operated by N-phase shift switching pattern. In this paper, we present the design, simulation and test results of interleaved CCPS.