• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.501-505
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• 1997

The effects of some nutrients and culture conditions on the growth and the production of fumonisin B$_{1}$, (FB$_{1}$) from Fusarium moniliforme NRRL 13569 were investigated in liquid culture. Xylose and soytone yielded the highest mycelial growth as the C- and N-source, respectively. The highest level of FB$_{1}$, was obtained when yeast extract was used as the N-source but no FB$_{1}$, from NaNO$_{3}$. While Fe$^{+++}$ showed inhibition effect on FB$_{1}$, production, Zn$^{++}$ enhanced the FB$_{1}$, production as well as the mycelial growth. FB$_{1}$, was maximally produced when the initial pH value and the specific surface area of the medium was adjusted to 5 and 1.4 cm$^{2}$/ml, respectively. FB$_{1}$ formation reached the maximum value (210, 000 ng/ml) in 30 days and then decreased in Czapek medium substitued with 1% xylose and 0.3% yeast extract, and supplemented with 0.2% NH$_{4}$H$_{2}$PO$_{4}$ where the initial pH value and the specific surface area of the medium are optimally controlled.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.210-216
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• 1979

특성구조액체이론(significant structure theory of liquids)에 입각하여, 섞이지 않는 두 용융 고분자중에서의 계면장력을 예측하는 간단한 계산방법을 연구하였다. 접착에너지는 응집에너지들의 기하평균과 보정항의 곱으로 표시되며, 응집에너지는 고분자 사슬의 격자상을 가정하므로써 계산된다. 계면장력올 계산함에 있어서 고분자사슬의 구성요소간 분산력(dispersion force) 외에 극성력(poIar force)를 포함시켜야 함이 확인되었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.124-132
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• 2001

This paper reports on the charge distribution measurements of submicron particles for three different charging mechanisms, which are spray electrification, bipolar ionization and corona discharge process, respectively. The number of elementary charges per particle was investigated by classifying and counting of a discrete mobility class. Charge distribution measurements were performed with NaCl particles generated from a collision atomizer for 0.01, 0.1, 1% NaCl solutions. Experimental results show than charge level of atomized NaCl particles is high and decreases with increasing the dissolved ion concentration. The charge level of the atomized NaCl particles can be reduced to that o Boltzmann equilibrium conditions by the bipolar ionization(Po(sup)210 bipolar ionizer). The charge level on NaCl particles passing through the corona discharge reactor is much higher than those of atomized or bipolar ionized NaCl particles. The evaluation of these measurements results in charge distribution of the submicron particles.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.111-129
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• 1970

핵산 및 그 관련물질 연구의 일환으로서 미생물 효소에 의하여 핵산을 분해하여 5'-mononucleotides 생성을 목적으로 미생물에서 5'-phosphodiesterase 생성균주를 얻기위하여 전국 각지 76개 지역에서 논, 밭, 산, 하천의 토양 그리고 퇴비, 누룩, 메주 등 시료 210종을 수집하였다. 이 수집 시료로 부터 dilution pour plate method 로서 Aspergillus속 240주, Penicillium속 232주, Neurospora속, 19주, Monascus속 16주, 그리고 Streptomyces속 265주로 총 758주를 순수 분리하였다. 분리된 모든 균주에 대하여 RNA-depolymerase 균의 crude enzyme 중에는 5'-AMP deaminase가 공존하고 있으므로 효소반응 중에 RNA 가 5'-mononucleotide로 분해 축적하는 동안에 5'-AMP의 adenine의 6위치에 붙은 $NH_2$기를 탈아미노하여 hypoxanthine으로 하기 때문에 5'-IMP 로 되는 것이라 생각된다. 분리 동정 된 Penicillium citreo-viride PO 2-11 strain과 Streptomyces aureus SOA 4-21 strain 이 생성한 5'-phosphodiesterase 로서 RNA를 효소 분해하여 5'-mononucleotide 의 정량한 결과는 Table 10과 같다. productivities를 1차 screening 하고 5'-phosphodiesterase productivities로서 2차 screening 하여 우수균주를 얻고 동정하였다. 우수균주의 5'-phosphodiesterase productivity에 대하여 배양상의 optimum condition을 검토하고 5'-phosphodiesterse activity에 미치는 여러 화합물의 영향과 효소반응의 최적 조건을 구명하였다. 우수균주가 생성한 5'-phosphodiesterase에 의하여 RNA 분해로 반응 최종 산물을 ion exchange column chromatography법으로 정량하고 최종 분해 산물엔 5'-mononucleotide를 paper chromatography, thinlayer chromatography, UV-absorption spectra, carbazole reaction 및 Schiff's reaction 등으로 동정한 결과는 다음과 같다. [1] 5'-phosphodiesterase productivity가 가장 우수한 두 균주를 선정하였고 이들은 토양에서 분리 되었으며 선정된 푸른 곰팡이는 Penicillium citreoviride PO 2-11로 동정되었고 방사선균은 Streptomyces aureus SOA 4-21로 동정되었다. [2] 분리 선정 된 Penicillium citreo-viride PO 2-11 strain은 배양상의 optimum condition 이 pH 5.0이고 temperature는 $30^{\circ}C$이었고 이 균이 생성한 5'-phosphodiesterase의 효소 반응상의 optimum condition 이 pH 4.2이고 temperature는 $60^{\circ}C$이었다. 그리고 5'-phosphodiesterase 생성에서 최적 탄소원은 sucrose이고 질소원은 $NH_4NO_3$이고 corn steep liquor나 혹은 yeast extract를 각각 0.01%씩 첨가한 구는 첨가하지 않은 control 구보다 20%의 5'-phosphodiesterase 생성 증가를 나타 내었다. 이 균이 생성한 5'-phosphodiestrase는 $Mg^{++},\;Ca^{++},\;Zn^{++},\;Mn^{++}$ 등 금속이온은 activator이고 EDTA, citrate, $Cu^{++},\;Co^{++}$ 등은 inhibitor 임을 알았다. 이 균이 생성한 5'-phosphodiesterase는 RNA를 분해하여 분해율 65.81%이었고 5'-AMP, 5'-GMP, 5'-UMP 및 5'-CMP를 생성하며 이때 축적되는 5'-mononucleotides중 5'-GMP 만이 정미성이 있음을 알았고 이균은 5'-AMP deamaminase가 없음을 확인하였다. 이 균의 효소에 의하여 RNA에서 정미성 5'-GMP 186.7 mg/RNA(g)를 생산할수 있음을 알았다. [3] 분리 선정된 Streptomyces aureus SOA 4-21 strain은 배양상의 optimum condition이 pH 7.0이고 temperature는 $28^{\circ}C$이었고 이 균이 생성한 5'-phosphodiesterase의 효소반응상의 optimum condition이 pH 7.3이고 temperature는 $50^{\circ}C$이었다. 그리고 5'-phosphodiesterase 생성에서 최적탄소원은 glucose이고 질소원은 asparagine이고 yeast extract 0.01%첨가구가 control 구보다 40%의 5'-phosphodiesterase 생성증가를 나타내었다. 이 균이 생성한 5'-phosphodiesterase는 $Ca^{++},\;Zn^{++},\;Mn^{++}$ 등 금속이온은 activator 이고 citrate, EDTA, $Cu^{++}$ 등은 inhibitor 임을 알았다. 또한 이 균은 5'-phosphodiesterase 뿐만 아니라 5'-AMP deaminase도 생성함을 확인하였다. 그러므로 RNA 분해율은 63.58% 이었고 RNA를 분해하여 5'-AMP, 5'-CMP, 5'-GMP 및 5'-UMP로 축적시키고 RNA가 효소 분해됨과 동시에 5'-AMP deaminase도 작용하며 생성된 5'-AMP 의 60% 상당을 5'-IMP로 전환시키는 특성이 있어서 정미성 5'-mononucleotide 생성이 전자의 균보다 두드러지게 증가함을 밝혔다. 이 균에 의하여 RNA에서 정미성 5'-IMP 171.8 mg/RNA(g) 및 5'-GMP 148.2 mg/RNA(g)생산할 수 있어 정미성 5'-mononucleotide 320mg/RNA(g)를 생산할 수 있음을 알았다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.210-216
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• 1979

핵산계조미료(核酸系調味料)로 사용되는 정미성(呈味性) nucleotide류(類)의 국내생산(國內生産)을 목적(目的)으로 토양에서 효모핵산분해력(酵母核酸分解力)이 강한 균주(菌株) JSC-114를 분리(分離)하고 이를 동정(同定)한 결과 streptomyces속(屬)의 신균주(新菌株)로 확인(確認)되었으며 5'-phosphodiesterase 생산능력(生産能力)이 우수하여 핵산분해율(核酸分解率) 및 5'-nucleotide 생성율(生成率)은 $95{\sim}98%$이었다. 또한 streptomyces sp. strain No. JSC-114의 분해효소 생산용배지를 검토하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 탄소원(炭素源)으로는 포도당과 가용성전분이 양호하였으며 최적농도(最適濃度)는 $4{\sim}4.5%$이었다. 2. 질소원(窒素源)은 유기질소원(有機窒素源)의 경우 대체적으로 강한 활성(活性)을 나타냈으나 무기질소원(無機窒素源)은 요소(尿素)를 제외하고 일반적으로 낮은 활성을 보였다. 3. 무기염(無機鹽)은 $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ 0.1%, $KNO_3$ 0.25% 이상에서 양호하였으나, $KH_2PO_4$는 0.6% 이상에서 강한 저해를 받았다.

• 약학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.200-210
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• 1977

This investigation was undertaken from February 1976 to September 1976. The detergents in municipal sewages from the Chung Kae Stream, Ahn Yang Stream, and Bong Won Stream were determined at 1.5ppm, 0.93ppm, and 3.36ppm in average respectively. The concentrations of detergents determined in the Han river were 0.013ppm of Kwang Na Ru, 0.11ppm of Duk Do, 0.370ppm of Bo Kwang Dong, and 0.285ppm of Ka Yang Dong basin respectively. And the potable waters of Sung Book Ku and Sung Dong Ku from Ku Eu water pumping station located up-stream of the Han river were less polluted at 0.045ppm and 0.037ppm in average. Young Deung Po Ku and Su Dae Moon Ku had been relatively polluted at 0.181ppm and 0.133ppm. The coagulant, alum [$Al_{2}(SO_{4})_{3}$] could eliminated the small amount of detergent by coagulation. The eliminated rates were about 13% by 5ppm and 22.7% by 20ppm of aluminum sulfate in sewage contained 10ppm of turbidity. The sand and the charcoal adsorbed some detergent as the following Langmuir's equations: For the charcoal, m/x=0.029.$\times$1/Ce-11.43 For the charcoal, m/x=2.705log1/Ce-5.46 Where m: amount of snad and active carbon used(g) x: amount of detergent adsorbed from liquid(g) Ce:concentration in the liquid at equilibrium(miles) The adsorption effect of sand would be neglected. In the low concentration of detergent solution, one gram of active carbon adsorbed 0.263g of detergent. It was determined that one gram of chlorine reduced 5.5g pf DBS om keeping up 0.2ppm of residual chlorine by disinfection process with chlorine compound.

• 센서학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.367-373
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• 2012

We fabricated a fiber-optic alpha/beta detector, which is composed of a sensing probe, a plastic optical fiber, a photomultiplier tube, and a multichannel analyzer, to obtain the energy spectra of radioactive isotopes. As inorganic scintillators of a sensing probe, a ZnS(Ag) film was coupled with a $CaF_2$(Eu) crystal for alpha and beta spectroscopy. In this study, $^{210}Po$ and $^{90}Sr$ were used as alpha and beta sources, respectively, and we measured the radiation energy spectra using a fiber-optic alpha/beta detector to identify alpha and beta emitting radionuclides for nuclear medicine application. Also, the variations of energy spectrum were obtained according to the length of plastic optical fiber.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.149-160
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• 1986

Relationship between the causative organi는 of red-tide and environmental factors had been ecologically dealt wtih. The surveys were conducted at seven station in Jinhae Bay from July to September 1981. The water temperature and salinity had wide range, i.e. 23.3~29.3$^{\circ}C$ and 19G.78~31.29$\textperthousand$, but several chemical factors remarkably fluctuated; dissolved oxygen 102.9~210.4%, COD 2.10~8.96mg$O_2$/l, pH 8.1~9.4, $NO_3$-N trace~1, 052$\mu$g/l, $PO_4$-P 0.6~58.9$\mu$g/l and chlorophyll-a 2.18~290.5mg/$m^3$ in the observed area. The red-tide was mainly caused by two dinoflagellata taxa throughout major outbreaks occurred in July through September. Leading species of red-tide were Gymnodinium nagasakiense belong to the ajor species. During the surveyed period, cell nubers of the causative organisms of the red-tide extensively varied from 3${\times} /10^4$ cells/l to $1.5\times10^7 $cells/l with moths and stations; Prorocentrum spp. 0.3~12.5$\times\10^5$ cells/l in July; Gymnodinium nagasakiense 0.2~5.9$\times10^6 cells/l, 1.1~4.7$\times10^6$ cells/l, and 0.2~15.1$\times10^6$ cells/l in July, August, and September, respectively. Gymnodinium nagasakiense red-tide seemed to be caused by the high water temperature in summer, unusually low salinity due to heavy rains, and the concentrated nutrients for phytoplankton supplied with the municipal sewages from the urban areas and the wastewaters from the industrial complexes.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.155-161
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• 1998

The hairy roots of Crotalaria sessiliflora were induced from the tissue segments infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC 15834. The induced hairy roots were subjected to paper electrophoresis fro the detection of opine-positive clones which were considered to have been transformed. Mannopine and agropine were presented in hairy root clones while mannopine was presented in two hairy root clones. Eight hairy root clones were selected and cultured in MS, B5 and WP media. Each of hairy root clones was showed a difference in branch pattern and growth rate. The best culture medium and culture conditions of hairy roots were in $\frac{1}{2}$MS(3% sucrose, pH 5.7) liquid medium at 25$^\circ C$, 70 rpm under dark, the growth rate in $\frac{1}{2}$MS liquid medium was increased with 210-fold more than that of inoculated hairy roots and with 2-fold more than that in MS liquid medium. Also, the adequate condition for hairy root growth was such that concentration of KH$_2PO$_4 was 1.25mM and the ratio of NH${_4}{^+}$ : NO${_3}{^-}$ was 1 to 3 in MS medium. The presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids, monocrotaline, in the hairy roots was detected by TLC.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.97-108
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• 2020

Objectives: Ephedra sinica and Wolbigachul-tang which contains Ephedra sinica are used to treat obesity in Korean medicine. The aim of this study was to analyze the quantities of ephedrine alkaloids by high-performance liquid chromatography. Methods: The analysis was performed using a YMC-Triat C18 column with operating at 25℃, and UV detection at 210 nm. The mobile phase used a gradient flow with 0.1% H3PO4 in water and acetonitrile. Specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection, and limit of quantification were measured for validation anaylsis. This method was applied to analyze the quantities of ephedrine alkaloids in Ephedra sinica and Wolbigachul-tang. Results: The concentration per Ephedra sinica (gram) of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine in Ephedra sinica decoction are 4.74±0.22 mg and 2.19±0.10 mg, respectively and in Wolbigachul-tang decoction are 6.39±0.34 mg and 2.97±0.21 mg, respectively. The retention time of ephedrine was 23.6 min and that of pseudoephedrine was 25.8 min, and norephedrine and methylephedrine were not detected. Conclusions: In conclusion, analyzed the concentration of ephedrine alkaloids in Ephedra sinica and Wolbigachul-tang by the developed validation method.