• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.897-903
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• 1996

현미를 투습, 투기성이 없는 플라스틱 필름 적층 4겹 포장재에 넣고 저장 온도와 기간을 달리하면서 지방산의 산화와 헥사날에 의한 저장성을 예측하였다. 지방산도는 저장온도가 상승하고 저장 기간이 경과할수록 높아졌으며, 활성화 에너지는 14.7 kcal/mole이고, $Q_{10}$값은 2.22였다. 현미의 지방질 구성 지방산은 myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid와 linolenic acid이고 oleic acid와 linolenic acid가 대부분이었으며, 저장 온도가 상승하고 저장기간이 경과할수록 linoleic acid는 감소하였으나 oleic acid는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. Headspace 기체 중의 헥사날도 저장 온도, 저장 기간과 밀접한 관계가 있었으며, 활성화 에너지는 18.36 kcal/mole이고 $Q_{10}$값은 2.84이었다. 또한, 현미의 저장 중 헥사날의 생성은 linoleic acid의 산화와 비례적인 관계를 보였다. 본 실험의 조건에서 볼 때, 실온$(21^{\circ}C)$에서 현미의 저장성은 헥사날에 의해 80일, 지방산도에 의하여 60일로 예측되었다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.289-296
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• 2013

To evaluate seasonal variation in fatty acid composition in broccoli, 12 commercial cultivars of broccoli were grown in spring and fall season at the field of NIHHS, and their floret, leaf and stem parts were used for the fatty acid composition analyses. Among 14 fatty acids detected in broccoli, linolenic, palmitic and linoleic acids were major fatty acids comprising more than 80% of total fatty acids in both the seasons and all the parts. Likewise, stearic and oleic acids were also present in considerable amount while remaining fatty acids; caproic, lauric, myristic, pentadecanoic, palmitoleic, heptadecanoic, arachidic, behenic and lignoceric acids showed their minor compositional ratio. Among the three parts, stem exhibited highest SFAs (49.681% in spring and 50.717% in fall season) compared to MUFA and PUFA, while highest compositional ratio of PUFAs were observed in leaves (62.588% in spring and 68.931% in fall season), which indicates leaves as a good source of health beneficial fatty acids. In contrast, floret part exhibited highest SFA (48.786%) and PUFA (57.518%) in spring and fall seasons, respectively. Major fatty acids; palmitic, linoleic and linolenic acid showed lowest cultivar dependent variation (below 10%) and leaf showed least variation in both the seasons compared to floret and stem. Our results suggest that all the fatty acids are significantly influenced by genotype of cultivars (C), plant parts (P) and growing seasons (S). Among the 14 fatty acids, myristic and palmitic acid showed highest positive or negative correlationship with oleic (r=$0.912^{**}$) and linolenic acid (r=-$0.933^{**}$), respectively. The most abundant fatty acid, linolenic acid, showed either negative or no correlation ship with other fatty acids while palmitic acid, a second major fatty acid, exhibited either positive or negative correlation ship.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.184-191
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the fatty acid profiles in 18 soybean cultivars grown in Korea. A total of eleven fatty acids were identified in the sample set, which was comprised of myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), palmitoleic (C16:1, ${\omega}7$), stearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:1, ${\omega}9$), linoleic (C18:2, ${\omega}6$), linolenic (C18:3, ${\omega}3$), arachidic (C20:0), gondoic (C20:1, ${\omega}9$), behenic (C22:0), and lignoceric (C24:0) acids by gas-liquid chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Based on their color, yellow-, black-, brown-, and green-colored cultivars were denoted. Correlation coefficients (r) between the nine major fatty acids identified (two trace fatty acids, myristic and palmitoleic, were not included in the study) were generated and revealed an inverse association between oleic and linoleic acids (r=-0.94, p<0.05), while stearic acid was positively correlated to arachidic acid (r=0.72, p<0.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) of the fatty acid data yielded four significant principal components (PCs; i.e., eigenvalues>1), which together account for 81.49% of the total variance in the data set; with PC1 contributing 28.16% of the total. Eigen analysis of the correlation matrix loadings of the four significant PCs revealed that PC1 was mainly contributed to by oleic, linoleic, and gondoic acids, PC2 by stearic, linolenic and arachidic acids, PC3 by behenic and lignoceric acids, and PC4 by palmitic acid. The score plots generated between PC1-PC2 and PC3-PC4 segregated soybean cultivars based on fatty acid composition.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.910-923
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• 1994

The effects of individual fatty acids, differing in their degree of unsaturation(18:0, 18:1, 18:2 and 18:3) on the biosynthesis and secretion and lipids were investigated in Hep-G2 cells. Synthesis of apolipoprotein was measured by the incorporation of 3H-leucine into apolipoprotein(d<1.21g/ml) and synthesis of lipids was measured by the incorporation of 3H-glycerol and 14C-acetate into various lipid classes. Inclusion of 1.0mM of each fatty acids into the culture medium significantly increased the synthesis of total apolipoprotein and Apo B(p<0.05). However, addition of fatty acid did not affect the synthesis of cellular and medium protein. Among different fatty acids tested, oleic acid had the greatest effect on Apo B synthesis. While stearic, linoleic and linolenic acid, all had similar effects. The secretion of triglyceride into the medium markedly increased in all fatty acid groups being 5-6 times over the albumin control. The triglyceride secretion was the highest int he oleic acid group. The secretion of phospholipid and cholesterol also increased with triglyceride output. A positive relationship existed between the output of lipoprotein-triglyceride and Apo B. Since the synthesis of Apo B was significantly increased when various fatty acids were included into the culture medium, part of the apparently stimulated synthesis of the apolipoprotein may be in response to the increased formation and secretion of lipoprotein lipids.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.536-542
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• 2010

본 연구는 서울 지역 중화 요리점들로부터 탕수육과 튀김유를 각각 수거하여 지방 함량과 지방산 조성, 트랜스 지방산 함량 및 산가를 비교 분석한 후 탕수육 및 튀김유의 품질을 측정하였다. 탕수육 20종 시료의 총 지방 함량은 평균 14.65%로 측정되었으며, 주요 지방산은 평균적으로 linoleic acid($C_{18:2}$)는 38.13%, oleic acid($C_{18:1}$)는 30.07%, palmitic acid ($C_{16:0}$)는 17.14%의 순으로 높은 함량을 차지하였다. 총 불포화지방산은 평균 70.79%, 포화지방산은 평균 23.47%로 측정되었다. 탕수육 시료 중 6번, 7번, 9번, 16번, 17번 시료를 제외하고 linoleic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid의 순으로 많았으며, 이 세 개의 지방산이 85.38~87.27%를 점유하였다. 반면에, 7번, 9번 시료의 지방산 조성을 살펴보면 oleic acid(평균 41.88%), palmitic acid(평균 23.46%), linoleic acid(평균 15.22%) 순으로 높은 함량을 나타냈으며, 16번, 17번 시료의 지방산 조성을 살펴보면 oleic acid(평균 34.83%), linoleic acid(평균 28.68%), palmitic acid(평균 20.21%)의 순으로 높은 함량을 나타냈다. 특히, 6번 시료는 palmitic acid가 40.70%로 높게 함유하고 있었으며, 총 포화지방산 함량은 49.26%, 총 불포화지방산 함량은 50.05%를 나타내었다. 15종의 튀김유의 주요 지방산 조성을 분석한 결과, palmitic acid는 11.65~20.28%, oleic acid는 23.54~26.32%, linoleic acid는 43.82~52.55%, stearic acid는 3.98~5.29%로 주로 구성되어 있었으며, 탕수육 시료와 튀김유 각 100 g당 함유되어 있는 트랜스 지방산의 함량은 0.24 g와 0.98 g 이하로 각각 적은 양을 함유하고 있었다. 또한, 모든 시료는 식품공전상 튀김유의 산가 규격을 초과하지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.1563-1575
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• 2023

Acyl-coenzyme A (CoA):diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) catalyzes the last stage of triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis, a process that forms ester bonds with diacylglycerols (DAG) and fatty acyl-CoA substrates. The enzymatic role of Dgat2 has been studied in various biological species. Still, the full description of how Dgat2 channels fatty acids in skeletal myocytes and the consequence thereof in glucose uptake have yet to be well established. Therefore, this study explored the mediating role of Dgat2 in glucose uptake and fatty acid partitioning under short interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA)-mediated Dgat2 knockdown conditions. Cells transfected with Dgat2 siRNA downregulated glucose transporter type 4 (Glut4) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and decreased the cellular uptake of [1-¹⁴C]-labeled 2-deoxyglucose up to 24.3% (p < 0.05). Suppression of Dgat2 deteriorated insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation. Dgat2 siRNA reduced [1-¹⁴C]-labeled oleic acid incorporation into TAG, but increased the level of [1-¹⁴C]-labeled free fatty acids at 3 h after initial fatty acid loading. In an experiment of chasing radioisotope-labeled fatty acids, Dgat2 suppression augmented the level of cellular free fatty acids. It decreased the level of re-esterification of free fatty acids to TAG by 67.6% during the chase period, and the remaining pulses of phospholipids and cholesteryl esters were decreased by 34.5% and 61%, respectively. Incorporating labeled fatty acids into beta-oxidation products increased in Dgat2 siRNA transfected cells without gene expression involving fatty acid oxidation. These results indicate that Dgat2 has regulatory function in glucose uptake, possibly through the reaction of TAG with endogenously released or recycled fatty acids.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제9권
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• pp.29-33
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• 1968

1. 미강유중(米糠油中)의 함존지방산(含存脂肪酸)은 Oleic acid, Linoleic acid, Palmitic acid의 순(順)으로 함량(含量)이 많으며 이상(以上) 3종(種) 지방산(脂肪酸)이 주성분(主成分)을 이루고 있다. Stearic acid, myristic acid와 Linolenic acid는 극소량(極少量) 함유(含有)되어 있을 뿐이며 $C_{12}$ 이상(以上)의 산(酸)은 그 흔적(痕迹)이 보이지 않았다. 2. 표준(標準) 지방산(脂肪酸) Methyl로서 구(求)한 보정계수(補正係數)는 포화지방산(飽和脂肪酸)에 있어서 $C_{18}$까지는 탄소수(炭素數)가 증가(增加)함에 따라 커지고 또 동일탄소수(同一炭素數)의 지방산(脂肪酸)에 있어서는 이중결합(二重結合)의 수(數)에 따라 커지고 있다. 3. 지방산(脂肪酸) Methyl Ester의 Retention time의 대수치(對數値)는 포화산(飽和酸)의 탄소수(炭素數), 또는 같은 탄소수(炭素數)의 지방산(脂肪酸)에 있어서 그 이중결합(二重結合)의 수(數)와의 사이에 직선관계(直線關係)가 있다는 것을 확인(確認)했다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.501-506
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• 2001

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplemental unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) on fermentation characteristics, especially on gas production, cellulose degradation and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration by mixed ruminal microorganisms. In order to attain this objective, unsaturated fatty acids including oleic acid (C 18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2) and arachidonic acid (C22:4) were added at varying level. Mixed ruminal microbes used in this experiment were obtained from the rumen of a cannulated Holstein cow. Medium pH values after 7 d incubation were significantly affected by type and level of unsaturated fatty acids (p<0.01). All of UFA inhibited total gas production, and especially treatment of arachidonic acid at the levels of 0.01% gave the lowest gas. production after 7 d incubation (p<0.01). Comparison of the population of protozoa revealed that UFA did not have any significant effect on the total protozoa number. The addition of UFA did not effect dry matter degradation. Volatile fatty acid (VFA) composition of the culture was influenced little by UFA, although the considerable amount of iso-type VFA were detected in UFA supplemented incubations. The ratio of acetic acids to propionic acids, however, was lower than control in all the treatments after 7 d incubation (p<0.01).

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제51권spc1호
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• pp.283-291
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• 2006

To investigate seed non destructive and fast determination technique utilizing near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRs) for screening ultra high oleic (C18:1) and linoleic (C18:2) fatty acid content sesame varieties among genetic resources and lines of pedigree generations of cross and mutation breeding were carried out in National Institute of Crop Science (NICS). 150 among 378 landraces and introduced cultivars were released to analyse fatty acids by NIRs and gas chromatography (GC). Average content of each fatty acid was 9.64% in palmitic acid (C16:0), 4.73% in stearic acid (C18:0), 42.26% in oleic acid and 43.38% in linoleic acid by GC. The content range of each fatty acid was from 7.29 to 12.27% in palmitic, 6.49% from 2.39 to 8.88% in stearic, 12.59% of wider range compared to that of stearic and palmitic from 37.36 to 49.95% in oleic and of the widest from 30.60 to 47.40% in linoleic acid. Spectrums analyzed by NIRs were distributed from 400 to 2,500 nm wavelengths and varietal distribution of fatty acids were appeared as regular distribution. Varietal differences of oleic acid content good for food processing and human health by NIRs was 14.08% of which 1.49% wider range than that of GC from 38.31 to 52.39%. Varietal differences of linoleic acid content by NIRs was 16.41% of which 0.39% narrower range than that of GC from 30.60 to 47.01%. Varietal differences of oleic and linoleic acid content in NIRs analysis were appeared relatively similar inclination compared with those of GC. Partial least square regression (PLSR) among multiple variant regression (MVR) in NIRs calibration statistics was carried out in spectrum characteristics on the wavelength from 700 to 2,500 nm with oleic and linoleic acids. Correlation coefficient of root square (RSQ) in oleic acid content was 0.724 of which 72.4 percent of sample varieties among all distributed in the range of 0.570 percent of standard error when calibrated (SEC) which were considerably acceptable in statistic confidence significantly for analysis between NIRs and GC. Standard error of cross validation (SECV) of oleic acid was 0.725 of which distributed in the range of 0.725 percent standard error among the samples of mother population between analyzed value by NIRs analysis and analyzed value by GC. RSQ of linoleic acid content was 0.735 of which 73.5 percent of sample varieties among all distributed in the range of 0.643 percent of SEC. SECV of linoleic acid was 0.711 of which distributed in the range of 0.711 percent standard error among the samples of mother population between NIRs analysis and GC analysis. Consequently, adoption NIR analysis for fatty acids of oleic and linoleic instead that of GC was recognized statistically significant between NIRs and GC analysis through not only majority of samples distributed in the range of negligible SEC but also SECV. For enlarging and increasing statistic significance of NIRs analysis, wider range of fatty acids contented sesame germplasm should be kept on releasing additionally for increasing correlation coefficient of RSQ and reducing SEC and SECV in the future.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권9호
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• pp.1256-1264
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• 2011

시중에 유통되고 있는 조제분유의 지방산 및 TAG 조성을 알아보기 위하여 국내외 조제분유 총 11 품목을 선정하였고, Folch법을 이용하여 지방을 추출한 다음 총 지방산과 sn-2 위치의 지방산 및 silver ion HPLC를 이용한 단일불포화-포화-단일불포화 glycerol(MSM)의 조성을 분석하였다. 조제분유의 조지방의 함량은 17.21~23.51%이었고, 특히 K5의 조지방 함량이 23.51%로써 분석된 조제분유들 중에서 가장 높게 나왔으나, K1은 17.21%의 함량을 보이면서 가장 낮게 나타났다. 분석된 조제분유들의 주요 포화지방산은 lauric acid(C12:0), myristic acid(C14:0), palmitic acid(C16:0), stearic acid(C18:0)이었다. Lauric acid의 함량은 K5와 K6에서 19.49%와 23.34%로 분석되어 15%보다 높은 함량을 나타냈다. 한편, 분석된 조제분유의 palmitic acid의 함량은 7.59~21.65%의 범위로써 K2, K3, K6, F1에서 각각 14.64%, 8.29%, 13.47% 및 7.59%로써 낮은 함량을 나타냈다. 불포화 지방산들 중에서 단일불포화지방산(C14:1, myristoleic acid; C16:1, palmitoleic acid; C17:1, heptadecenoic acid; C18:1, oleic acid; C18:1t, elaidic acid)의 함량은 20.23~45.07%로 나타났고, 단일불포화지방산들 중에서 대부분을 구성하고 있는 지방산은 oleic acid(C18:1)이었다. 분석된 조제분유에서 oleic acid의 함량은 19.64~44.64%의 범위였고 총 다가불포화지방산은 19.08~29.67%의 범위였다. Omega-6 다가불포화지방산과 omega-3 다가불포화지방산의 주요한 지방산은 필수지방산인 linoleic acid(C18:2)와 linolenic acid(C18:3, n-3)로 분석된 조제분유의 비율은 10:1~13:1로, 조제분유의 지방산 조성에 대한 지표인 linoleic acid/linolenic acid의 비율인 5:1~15:1 범위 내였다. 분석한 조제분유들 중에서 sn-2 위치에서의 lauric acid 함량은 7.70~52.09%로 나타났고, myristic acid의 함량은 3.15~20.89%로써 분석된 조제분유들은 전반적으로 sn-2 위치에서의 lauric acid 함량이 20% 이상으로 높게 나타났다. 특히, 분석된 조제분유들의 sn-2 위치에 존재하는 palmitic acid의 함량은 1.84~38.74%의 범위로써 K8과 F3이 각각 38.55%와 38.90%의 높은 함량을 나타냈다. 따라서 대부분의 국내외 조제분유들을 구성하는 triacylglycerol(TAG)의 sn-2 위치에서의 palmitic acid 함량이 모유와 비교하였을 때 낮은 경향을 보임을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 조제분유보다 더 나아가 HPLC 분석을 통해서 모유의 주요 TAG 형태라고 할 수 있는 단일불포화-포화-단일불포화 glycerol(MSM)의 함량이 외국의 조제분유인 F3이 가장 높게 나타났다. 따라서 조제분유에 이러한 MSM 형태의 지방 함량을 높여야하며, MSM 형태의 모유대체지 연구를 산업화하려는 노력이 필요하다.