• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.167-171
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• 2004

Objective of this research was to investigate the effect of irrigation concentration on the growth and fruit quality of sweet pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) in fertigation. The sweet pepper was grown for 210 days with irrigation concentration of EC 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 dSㆍ$m^{-1 }$ in fertigation nutrient solution developed by European Vegetable R & D Center, Belgium. The net $CO_2$ assimilation and transpiration rate were the highest in the treatment of 2.0 dSㆍ$m^{-1 }$. The pH in the soil was range of 5.63 ～6.03, the EC increased as the irrigation concentration was getting higher. The SPAD value also increased as the irrigation concentration was getting higher, N, P, K, Mg except Ca were highest in the treatment of EC 2.0 dSㆍ$m^{-1 }$. The growth was good in the treatment of EC 2.0 dSㆍm$m^{-1 }$. The fruit length, width, firmness, and pericarp thickness had no statistical differences among treatments, the fruit fresh weight and dry weight were good in the treatment of EC 2.0 dSㆍ$m^{-1 }$ the yield was good in the treatment of EC 1.5 dSㆍ$m^{-1 }$ and EC 2.0 dSㆍ$m^{-1 }$ The sugar contents was the highest in the treatment of EC 2.0 dSㆍ$m^{-1 }$ with 9.0$^{\circ}$Brix. In conclusion, the optimal irrigation concentration for sweet pepper fertigation was EC 2.0 dSㆍm$^{-1}$ .

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.392-396
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• 1989

Facultative methylotroph인 Methylobacterium organophilum을 유일한 탄소원으로 메탄올을 0.5% (v/v) 함유한 최소 합성배지를 이용하여 pH 6.8과 3$0^{\circ}C$에서 배양하였다. 세포의 증식은 배지 내의 여러 성분들에 의해 영향을 받았으며 이로부터 최대증식속도를 얻을 수 있는 최적 합성배지 조성을 확립하였다. 배지조성 중 질소원이 결핍되면 세포의 증식이 감소하며 Fe$^{+2}$ 또는 Mn$^{+2}$ 이온의 결핍은 세포의 비증식속도를 감소시켰다. 탄소원인 메탄올은 농도를 증가시킬수록 세포의 비증식속도가 감소하는 메탄올의 기질 저해성을 확인하였으며, 4%(v/v) 이상의 메탄을 농도에서는 세포의 증식이 완전히 저해되었다. 이러한 메탄올의 기질 저해성은 간헐식 유가배양법을 이용하여 극복하고 PHB의 축적을 촉진하는 영양분 제한(nutrient-deficiency) 실험을 수행하였다. 합성배지의 영양분 중 NH$_{4}^{+}$, SO$_{4}^{-2}$, $K^+$ 또는 PO$_{4}^{-3}$ 이온을 결핍시켰을 때 M. organophilum의 PHB 생산이 증가하였으며 칼륨이온을 결핍시켰을때 세포의 건조 중량에 대한 PHB 함량은 최대 58%를 얻었다.

• 폴리머
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.226-234
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• 2003

이프리플라본은 이소플라본의 파생물로서 골의 재흡수를 방지하여 골의 재형성을 방해함으로써 골 형성에 도움을 준다. 이프리플라본은 칼슘의 양을 안정적으로 증가시킴과 함께 골수 줄기 세포의 작용으로 세포층에 칼슘을 침착시킨다. 조직공학적 골을 형성시키기 위해 락타이드-글리를라이드 공중합체 (PLGA)에 이프리플라본을 함유시킨 지치체를 용매 캐스팅/염 추출법으로 제조하였다. 수은 다공도계, 주사 전자 현미경, 시차 주사 열량계, X선 회절기를 이용하여 특성결정을 수행하였고, 이프리플라본이 함유된 지지체와 이프리플라본이 함유되지 않은 지지체를 면역이 결핍된 쥐의 피하에 삽입하여 이들의 골 형성을 비교하였다. 조직을 hematoxylin & eosin, 본쿠사 염색과 면역화학적 염색법인 콜라겐 I 형과 오스테오칼신 염색을 하였다. 이프리플라본이 함유된 담체의 다공도는 91.7% 이상이었고, 평균 다공 크기도 101 $\mu\textrm{m}$였다. PLGA로만 제조된 지지체와 이프리플라본을 50% 함유시킨 지지체를 동물 실험을 수행한 결과 이프리플라본은 피하 층과 다른 연조직에서 미분화 줄기 세포가 칼슘 침착, 골아 세포, 골상으로의 유도에 더 많은 영향을 주는 것을 관찰하였다. 결론적으로 이프리플라본을 함유한 지지체에서 이프리플라본이 골형성에 중요한 요인으로 작용한다고 사료된다.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2003년도 Annual Meeting of KSAP : International Symposium on Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences on Obesity
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• pp.98-98
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• 2003

${\beta}$-(1,3)-D-Glucans have been known to exhibit antitumor and antimicrobial activities. The presence of dectin-1,${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$-glucan receptor of dendritic cell, on macrophage has been controvertial. RT-PCR analysis led to the detection of dectin-1${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ in murine macrophage Raw264.7 cell line. Among the various organs of mouse, dectin-1${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ were detected in the thymus, lung, spleen, stomach and intestine. To analyze gene expression modulated by ${\beta}$-glucan treated murine Raw264.7 macrophage, total mRNA was applied to cDNA microarray to interrogate the expression of 7,000 known genes. cDNA chip analysis showed that ${\beta}$-glucan of P. osteatus increased gene expressions of immunomodulating genes, membrane antigenic proteins, chemokine ligands, complements, cytokines, various kinases, lectin associated genes and oncogenes in Raw 264.7 cell line. When treated with ${\beta}$-glucan of P. osteatus and LPS, induction of gene expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IFN-R1 was confirmed by RT-PCR analysis. Induction of TNF-R type II expression was confirmed by FACS analysis. IL-6 expression was abolished by EDTA in ${\beta}$-glucan and LPS treated Raw264.7 cell line, indicating that ${\beta}$-glucan binds to dectin-l in a Ca$\^$＋＋/ -dependent manner. To increase antitumor efficacy of ${\beta}$-glucan, ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2) was co-treated with ${\beta}$-glucan in vivo and in vitro tests. IC$\sub$50/ values of GRh2 were 20 and 25 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ in SNU-1 and B16 melanoma F10 cell line, respectively. Co-treatment with ${\beta}$-glucan and GRh2 showed synergistic antitumor activity with cisplatin and mitomycin C both in vitro and in vivo. Single or co-treatment with ${\beta}$-glucan and GRh2 increased tumor bearing mouse life span. Co-treatment with ${\beta}$-glucan and GRh2 showed more increased life span with mitomycin C than that with cisplatin. Antitumor activities were 67% and 72 % by co-injection with ${\beta}$-glucan and GRh2 in the absence or presence of mitomycin C, respectively.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.256-261
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• 2001

Sr계 페라이트의 자기적 특성향상을 위하여 화학량론적 조성 SrFe$_{12}$O$_{19}$[SrM]에서 원소치환을 실시한 SrFe$_{11.7}$Zn$_{0.3}$O$_{19}$[Zn$_{0.3}$-SrM] 및 Sr$_{0.7}$La$_{0.3}$Fe$_{11.7}$Zn$_{0.3}$O$_{19}$[(La-Zn)$_{0.3}$-SrM] 화학조성으로 혼합한 후 공기 중 하소를 실시하여 하소분의 특성을 조사하였고, 소결조제로서 SiO$_2$, CaCO$_3$ 및 SrCO$_3$를 첨가하여 평균입도 0.80$\mu\textrm{m}$까지 습식 미분쇄를 행한 후, slurry 농도를 조절하여 외부자장 8 kOe을 인가하면서 disk 형태로 성형한 후 공기 중에서 소결하여 Sr 페라이트를 제조하여 소결 결정상태 및 자기적 특성을 조사하였다. Sr 페라이트 하소분의 자기특성은 화학량론적인 조성 SrFe$_{12}$)$_{19}$[SrM]에서 포화자화 (Ms/g)값이 61.06 emu/g에서 단독 Zn을 치환한 SrFe$_{11.7}$Zn$_{0.3}$O$_{19}$[Zn$_{0.3}$-SrM] 조성에서는 포화자화(Ms/g)값이 66.90 emu/g로 향상되었고, (La-Zn)$_{0.3}$-SrM 조성으로 원소치환을 실시한 하소분말을 사용하여 제조한 페라이트의 자기특성은 잔류자속밀도(B,) 4.21 kG, 최대에너지적(BH$_{max}$) 4.19 MGOe치 자기특성 값을 나타내었다.내었다.TEX> max/) 4.19 MGOe치 자기특성 값을 나타내었다.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 1997

기본 조성 N $i_{0.18}$Z $n_{0.68}$C $u_{0.14}$F $e_{2}$ $O_{4}$와 N $i_{0.14}$Z $n_{0.64}$C $u_{0.22}$F $e_{2}$ $O_{4}$ 및 N $i_{0.24}$Z $n_{0.64}$C $u_{0.12}$F $e_{2}$ $O_{4}$에 입계의 고저항층을 형성하고 소결을 촉진시키기 위해서 0.1 mol %의 Ca $Co_{3}$와 입자의 성장을 촉진시키고 높은 투자율을 얻을 목적으로 $V_{2}$ $O_{5}$를 0.04 mol% 첨가하였다. 이들 원료들을 혼합한 후 950 .deg. C에서 3시간 하소 과정을 거친후 ball mill해서 toroid 시편을 만들고 1030 .deg. C, 1050 .deg. C 및 1070 .deg. C 에서 2시간 동안 공기중에서 소결 시켰다. Raw material의 조성비 변화 및 소결 온도 변화에 따른 여러 가지 물리적 특성들을 조사하였다. X-선 회절 분석 결과 이들 시편들이 spinel 구조를 이루고 있음을 확인하였고 금속현미경으로 측정한 결정 입자의 크기는 6 .mu. m ~ 16 .mu. m 이었다. 초투자율, 자기 유도는 소결 온도가 1030 .deg. C에서 1050 .deg. C로 증가함에 따라 증가하였고 Q factor와 보자력은 감소하였다. 보자력과 큐리온도는 각각 0.17 Oe 및 220 .deg. C 근처로 모든 시편들에서 거의 비슷하였다. 본 시편의 사용 주파수 범위는 0.4 ~ 20 MHz로 확인되었으며, 소결 온도 1050 .deg.C와 기본 조성 N $i_{0.14}$Z $n_{0.64}$C $u_{0.22}$F $e_{2}$ $O_{4}$ 에서 다른 사람들 보다 더욱 더 우수한 자기유도값(B, $B_{m}$ )을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2003년도 추계학술발표강연 및 논문개요집
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• pp.154-154
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• 2003

A stoichiometric mixture of evaporating materials for CuGaSe2 single crystal thin films was prepared from horizontal electric furnace. Using extrapolation method of X-ray diffraction patterns for the polycrystal CuGaSe2, it was found tetragonal structure whose lattice constant at and co were 5.615 ${\AA}$ and 11.025 ${\AA}$, respectively. To obtain the single crystal thin films, CuGaSe2 mixed crystal was deposited on thoroughly etched semi-insulating GaAs(100) substrate by the hot wall epitaxy (MWE) system. The source and substrate temperatures were Slot and 450$^{\circ}C$, respectively. The crystalline structure of the single crystal thin films was investigated by the photoluminescence and double crystal X-ray diffraction (UXD). The carrier density and mobility of CuGaSe2 single crystal thin films measured with Hall effect by van der Pauw method are 5.0l${\times}$10$\^$17/ cm$\^$-3/ and 245 $\textrm{cm}^2$/V$.$s at 293K, respectively. The temperature dependence of the energy band gap of the CuGaSe2 obtained from the absorption spectra was well described by the Varshni's relation, Eg(T) = 1.7998 eV - (8.7489${\times}$10$\^$-4/ eV/K)T$^2$/(T + 335 K. After the as-grown CuGaSe2 single crystal thin films was annealed in Cu-, Se-, and Ca-atmospheres, the origin of point defects of CuGaSe2 single crystal thin films has been investigated by the photoluminescence(PL) at 10 K The native defects of V$\_$CU/, V$\_$Se/, Cu$\_$int/, and Se$\_$int/ obtained by PL measurements were classified as a donors or accepters type. And we concluded that the heat-treatment in the Cu-atmosphere converted CuGaSe2 single crystal thin films to an optical n-type. Also, we confirmed that Ga in CuGaSe2/GaAs did not form the native defects because Ga in CuGaSe2 single crystal thin films existed in the form of stable bonds.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제18권E4호
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• pp.203-213
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• 2002

Receptor modeling is one of statistical methods to achieve reasonable air pollution strategies. In order to maintain and manage ambient air quality, it is necessary to identify sources and to apportion its sources for ambient particulate matters. The main purpose of the study was to survey seasonal trends of inorganic elements in the coarse and fine particles. Second, this study has attempted emission sources qualitatively by a receptor method, the PMF mo-del. After that. both PMF (positive matrix factorization) model and TTFA (target transformation factor analysis) model were applied to compare and to estimate mass contribution of coarse and fine particle sources at the receptor. A total of 138 sets of samples was collected from 1989 to 1996 by a low volume cascade impactor with 9 size fraction stages at Kyung Hee University in Korea. Sixteen chemical species (Si, Ca, Fe, K, Pb, Na, Zn, Mg, Ba, Ni, V, Mn, Cr, Br, Cu. Co) were characterized by XRF. The study result showed that the weighted arithmetic mean of coarse and fine particles were 51.3 and 54.4 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥, respectively. Contribution of both particle fractions were esti-mated using TTFA and PMF models. The number of estimated sources was seven according to TTFA model and 8 according to PMF model. Comparison of TTFA and PMF revealed that both methodologies exhibited similar trends in their contribution pattern. However, large differences between contributions were observed in some sour-ces. The results of this study may help to suggest control strategies in local countries where known source profiles do not exist.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.74-85
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• 1972

본 연구 지역인 영일만은 한반도 남동부 즉 북위 36$^{\circ}$에서 36$^{\circ}$10'까지, 그리고 동경 129$^{\circ}$20'에서 129$^{\circ}$35'에 위치하고 있다. 영일만은 경상북도 포항에 접하여 있으며 평균수심 약 25m이며 면적은 약 200$\textrm{km}^2$에 달한다. 동측에는 해안선이 단조롭고 좁은 대상의 대륙붕이 발달한 동해와 접하고 있으며 서측에는 경상계와 제3계 지층을 횡단하여 흐르는 형산강이 유입하고 있다. 만 주변에는 장산갑이 돌출하여 동해로 부터의 강한 해일을 막아주어 항구로서의 자연조건이 유리하다. 영일만 지역의 해저 퇴적물에 관해 발표된 논문은 양경린(1969)의 영일만에서의 표사이동에 관한 연구가 있을 뿐이다. 그 주변 및 동해의 해저퇴적물에 관한 연구는 다음과 같다. 동해 전역에 걸친 해저퇴적물의 연구 (Niinoet ao., 1969), 동해안 동남부 지역의 유공충에 관한 연구 (Kim and Han, 1971), 남해 및 남부, 해협의 퇴적물에 관한 연구 (Park and Song 1971) 등이다. 본 연구는 영일만내의 해저퇴적물의 분포상태, 입도분석 및 광물 성분들을 기재하고, 퇴적물의 광물성질과 입도를 좌우하는 제반요소를 검토하여 만퇴적환경에서의 퇴적작용에 미치는 제반요소를 연구하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 또한 현생 퇴적환경을 연구하므로써 고기 퇴적물의 퇴적환경 복원에 기여하고저 하는 바이다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.463-472
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• 2002

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plays a major role in stimulating the synthesis and release of the principal osteoclast-activating cytokines, namely, interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ from immune cells. Although rnonocytes/macrophages are the main producers of these cytokines, recent evidence has indicated that polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) have the ability to release IL-1 and TNF-$\alpha$. Calcium hydroxide has been shown to be an effective medicament in root canal infections, reducing the microbial titre within the canal. It has been proposed that the therapeutic effect of Ca(OH)$_2$ may also be the result of direct inactivation of LPS. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether treatment of Porphyromonas endodontalis LPS with calcium hydroxide alters its biological action as measured by human PMN secretion of IL-1 and TNF-$\alpha$, and it was compared with Escherichia coli LPS. P. endodontalis ATCC 35406 was cultured in anaerobic condition, and LPS was extracted using the hot-phenol water extraction method and purified. Purchased E. coli LPS was also purified. 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of each LPS in pyrogen free water were incubated with 25mg/ml Ca(OH)$_2$ at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. The supernatants were subjected to ultrafiltration, and the isolates were lyophilized and weighed. PMNs were obtained from peripheral blood by centrifugation layered over Lymphoprep. The cells were resuspended (4$\times$10$^6$ cells/ml) in RPMI 1640 followed by treatment with various concentrations of LPS (0, 0.1, 1, 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) for 24 hours at 37$^{\circ}C$ in 5% $CO_2$ incubator. The supernatants of cells were collected and the levels of IL-1$\alpha$, IL=1$\beta$ and TNF-$\alpha$ were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results were as follows ; 1. The levels of IL-1$\alpha$, IL-1$\beta$, TNF-$\alpha$ from PMN treated with each LPS were significantly higher than those released from unstimulated PMN of the control group (p<0.05). 2. The levels of all three cytokines released from PMN stimulated with each calcium hydroxide treated LPS were significantly lower than those released from PMN stimulated with each untreated LPS (p<0.05), while they were not significantly different from those released from unstimulated PMN of the control group (p>0.05) 3. The levels of secretion for all three cytokines were affected in a dose-dependent manner in PMN stimulated with each LPS (p<0.05), but not in PMN stimulated with each calcium hydroxide treated LPS (p>0.05). 4. The levels of all three cytokines released from PMN stimulated with p. endodontalis LPS were significantly lower than those released from PMN stimulated with E coli LPS (p<0.05).