• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2002

문경지역 온천은 칼슘-중탄산 온천으로 원수의 온도는 약 $28.5^{\circ}C$이다 원수는 EC(1,857 $\mu\textrm{s}$/cm), $HCO_3$ (1,250 mg/l), $SO_4$(147.60 mg/l), Mg(43.05 mg/l) . 그리고 Ca(279.43 mg/l)로 상당히 높은 값을 나타낸다. 원수에는 소량의 침전물이 형성되지만 보일러로 가열할 경우 많은 양의 침전물이 형성된다. 원수에서 침전되는 광물은 대부분 방해석이지만 보일러실에는 아라고나이트와 방해석이 동시에 정출된다. 온천수 내의 화학종은 $CO_3$는 대부분 $HCO_3^{-}$ 이지만 상당 부분이 $H_2$$CO_3$로, $SO_4$는 $SO_4^{2-}$ , Mg는 $Mg^{2+}$ Ca는$ Ca^{2+}$ 로 존재한다. 전체적으로 볼 때 대부분의 성분에서 $CO_3$를 포함한 화학종이 존재하는 것을 볼 수 있다. 포화지수를 근거로 침전 가능한 광물은 다이아스포어, 보에마이트, 깁사이트, 아라고나이트, 방해석, 능철석 등이지만 X-선회절 분석결과 침전물은 아라고나이트, 방해석, 철수산화물로 구성되어 있다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.225-232
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• 1995

In order to study the effect of modified atmosphere packaging(M.A.P.) and controlled atmosphere(C. A.) storage on keeping freshness of mushrooms (Agricus-bisporus). Mushrooms was packaged with polyethylene(P.E.) film (40${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, 60${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, 80${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) and C.A. conditions(CO2 concentration of 2%, O2 concentration of 2%) and storage at 0$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, RH(relative hummidity) 92$\pm$1%. Gas composition in film was changed rapidly at early of storage, but it kept a constant level after 14 days of storage, and then kept at the level of 6~9% CO2 and 2~5% O2. Weight loss was 5% in non-packed mushrooms after 3 days of storage, but P.E. film, CO2 treated, C.A. conditions were 5% after 21 days of storage. Flesh firmness of the mushrooms was continuously decreased throughout storage period and the lowest of flesh firmness changed was 80${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$-P.E. film packing. Discoloration of the piteous of mushrooms appears to be the most Important factors to determine its marketability, L value of it appears to be of the high values at P.E. film packing and C.A. conditions during period. Large amount of ethanol and acetaldehyde were produced from the 7 days during storage, large contents of mannitol and trehalose were at the 14 days and 7 days during storage.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.205-214
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• 1991

Calcium carbonate fine powders were synthesized by blowing CO2 gas in CaO or Ca(OH)2 suspension, and the shapes of powders obtained were examined for each synthetic condition. When water was used as a solvent, ultrafine calcite powders with the average size of∼0.03$\mu\textrm{m}$ were obtained. When synthesized using methanol as a solvent, amorphous phase and spherical vaterite phase were obtained by suction filtering and non-filtering, respectively. Reaction did not occured in ethanol medium, but spherical vaterite phase was obtained by adding ethylene glycol in ethanol.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1990

Preparation and heavy metal ion adsorption of sumicron hydroxy apatite were studied in this experiment. Submicron HAP was synthesized with Ca(OH)2 solution and H3PO4.Ca(OH)2 solution was made from water-quenching of CaCO3 heated at 1, 00$0^{\circ}C$ and 20%-H3PO4 was dropped into this Ca(OH)2 solution heated at 8$0^{\circ}C$. XRD pattern of prepared powder showed HAP crystal. The average particle size and sahpe of HAP were 0.25${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and sphere type. As a adsorbent, 1.0g of the prepared HAP powder in 1 liter of artifical 5ppm heavy matal waste water was sufficient, and more effective at pH7-9.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.345-349
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• 2000

To easily separate chitosanoligosaccharides by size exclusion, an coencapsulating technology of substrate and enzyme was developed. The membrane was composed of alginate and a divalent cation such as calcium. Chitosan and chitosanase were enveloped in this membrane and the product released to medium by size exclusion. The capsule was stabilized in a 2% acetic acid solution (pH 5.0) containing 0.145 M CaCO$_3$. The leakage of substrate caused by the agitation speed was controlled by increasing alginate and CaCO$_3$concentrations. The lower limit of the alginate concentration and the agitation speed were 0.5% and 49rpm, respectively. Membrane thickness and capsule diameter were 10$\mu\textrm{m}$ and 2.5mm, respectively. By TLC analysis, the composition of chitosanoligosaccharides were mainly 3-6 mers. The molecular weight distribution of the released oligosaccharides ranged from 262 to 3624 Da by GPC.

• Journal of Korean Vacuum Science & Technology
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.102-106
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• 2000

We report scanning force microscope (SFM) observations of enhanced calcite dissolution in aqueous solution due to mechanical stimulation induced by the SFM tip. Images and mechanical treatment were performed in saturated ($\geq$ 60 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) CaCO$_3$ solution adjusted to pH~9. Small area scans of monolayer steps significantly increased the step velocity in the scanned area (in the direction corresponding to dissolution) when the applied contact force is above about 160 nN fer the tips employed. The step velocity could be increased at least an order of magnitude by scanning at even higher contact forces (e.g.,270nN). This enhancement is a function of step orientation relative to the calcite lattice. Indentations near preexisting steps also locally enhance the step velocity. We present evidence that the higher dissolution rates are caused by stress-induced increases in the rate of double-kink nucleation.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.121-136
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• 2002

경북에서는 16개 지역에서 탄산수가 산출된다. 탄산수의 산출은 중생대 화강암과 경상누층군의 퇴적암류(또는 선캠브리아기 변성암)의 지질경계부 또는 단층대를 따라서 집중된다. 경북지역 탄산수는 매우 높은 $CO_2$의 함량( $P_{CO_2}$ =0.46~5.21 atm)과 422~2,280$\mu\textrm{S}$/cm 범위의 전기전도도, Ca-HC $O_3$형의 수리화학적 특성을 보인다. 아울러 대부분 의 탄산수는 다량의 F7를 함유하는 것이 특징이다. 탄산수에 대한 $\delta$D과 ${\delta}^{13}$18/O 분석 값은 탄산수가 순환수 기원임을 지시한다. 탄산수의 높은 $CO_2$ 압력과 탄산염 침전물에 대한 Sl3c 값이 -1.5 ~-6.7$\textperthousand$ PDB 범위를 보여 탄산성분은 지하 심부에서 상승한 $CO_2$ 가스와 탄산염광물의 용해반응에 기원한 것으로 해석된다. 탄산수와 광물사이에 열역학적 평형관계와 탄산수의 수리화학적 특성을 보면 탄산수의 화학성분을 결정한 주요 근원광물은 사장석, 정장석, 탄산염 광물 및 철산화물임을 지시한다. pH가 약산성이고, 높은 $CO_2$ 압력하에서 일부 탄산수를 제외한 대부분의 탄산수는 탄산염광물 및 앨바이트에 대해서 열역학적으로 용해성 환경에 있다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.509-520
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• 1996

탄산가스로 채워진 반응기에 현탁액을 분사시키는 방법(분사법)으로 탄산칼슘 분말을 제조한 결과, 현탁액의 pH 및 칼슘이온의 농도가 반응초기 일정기간 높게 유지되는 조건에서만 잘 분산된 $0.05~0.1\;\mu\textrm{m}$ 크기의 초미립 칼사이트 상 탄산칼슘 분말이 제조되었다. 반응 초기 현탁액의 pH 및 칼슘이온의 농도가 일정기간 높게 유지시키기 위하여 현탁액의 순환방식과 탄산가스 공급방식을 변환시켜 제어할 결과 그간 분사법으로 미립자의 탄산칼슘 분말 합성이 어려웠던 1 wt% 이하의 수산화칼슘 농도 영역과 고농도 현탁액 영역인 5 wt% 수산화칼슘 농도 영역에서 $0.02\;\mu\textrm{m}$ 크기의 초미립자 탄산칼슘 분말을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.96-100
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• 1980

The castable refractory, CaO.$2Al_2O_3$ is a useful alumina cement for iron, steel and cement for iron, steel and cement industries, however it is difficult to produce CaO.$2Al_2O_3$because of its high melting point(180$0^{\circ}C$) and narrow firing range. In this study, the coprecipitation method was used to produce CaO.$2Al_2O_3$ for lower temperature firing . This method involved the titration of mixed solution of calicum and aluminate which extracted from domestic kaolin with $NH4_OH$ solution under blowing $CO_2$ gas into the solution. The coprecipitate and its clacined products were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and DTA. The calcined products fired between 400 and 90$0^{\circ}C$ were amorphous, but at 100$0^{\circ}C$ the coprecipitate was converted into one compound, CaO$2Al_2O_3$. From those experimental results, it was found that we could synthesizze CaO.$2Al_2O_3$ at about 100$0^{\circ}C$ which is lower than conventional firing temperature by around 80$0^{\circ}C$. The refractoriness of this alumina cement was SK 34 and the compressive strength ( 1 day) was about 250kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.631-638
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• 1988

Effect of Ca/P mole ratio on the precipitates and powder properties of hydroxyapatite was investigated. Powder and precipitates of hydroxyapatite were synthesized by the reaction of Ca(NO3)2.4H2O and (NH4)2 HPO4 solutions at room temperature. The pH value and compositions (Ca/P mole ratio) in starting solutions were 11 and 1.64-1.79(or 1.85), respectively. Rodlike hydroxyapatite precipitates were agglomerated together. The average agglomerated particle size was ranged from 2-8${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. Among compositions, the minimum agglomerated particle size was shown at the Ca/P mole ratio 1.75. CO2 was contained in hydroxyapatite powders and these ultrafine powders had poor crystallinity. The specific surface area and specific total pore volume of hydroxyapatite powders were 104-137$m^2$/g and 0.396-0.467cc/g, respectively. When the Ca/P mole ratio was 1.75, these values were the maximum. And water content increased with the Ca/P mole ratio(Ca/P mole ratio>1.67). In most cases, hydroxyapaite was stable to 130$0^{\circ}C$. However, in the case of Ca/P mole ratio 1.64, hydroxyapatite was changed to $\alpha$-whitlockite at 120$0^{\circ}C$.