• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.251-254
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• 2014

$\small{L}$-arginine ($\small{L}$-Arg)을 짠맛 증강소재로 활용하기 위하여 전자혀 분석으로 $\small{L}$-Arg의 맛 특성을 조사하고, $\small{L}$-Arg의 강한 쓴맛을 억제하기 위하여 $\small{L}$-aspartic acid ($\small{L}$-Asp)을 혼합하였다. 0.4% NaCl 용액에 $\small{L}$-Arg과 $\small{L}$-Asp를 혼합하여 전자혀 시스템으로 분석한 결과 $\small{L}$-Arg과 $\small{L}$-Asp의 혼합을 다르게 한 경우, 동일한 $\small{L}$-Arg 농도에서 $\small{L}$-Asp의 비율이 감소함에 따라 NaCl의 짠맛 상승효과는 증가하였다. 관능평가에서 짠맛은 동일한 경향이었으며, $\small{L}$-Asp의 첨가로 $\small{L}$-Arg의 쓴맛이 억제되는 것을 확인하였다. 즉, $\small{L}$-Arg과 $\small{L}$-Asp 혼합물은 짠맛 증강소재로 활용될 수 있으며, $\small{L}$-Arg의 쓴맛을 상쇄하기 위한 최적의 혼합비율은 $\small{L}$-Arg : $\small{L}$-Asp =1.00:0.98-1.00 범위가 적합하였다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.171-174
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• 2014

$\small{L}$-아르기닌의 알칼리성과 보습성을 식품에 활용하는 연구의 일환으로 폴리인산염 대신에 $\small{L}$-아르기닌을 0.25, 0.5, 1.0% (w/w) 첨가하여 소시지를 제조하고, 각각의 pH, 보수력, 유화 안정성 및 조직감을 조사하였다. 소시지의 pH는 $\small{L}$-아르기닌의 첨가량에 비례하여 증가하였으며, 수분함량은 $\small{L}$-아르기닌을 0.25% 이상, 유화 안정성은 0.5% 이상, 경도와 전단력은 1.0%를 첨가한 결과가 폴리인산나트륨을 0.5% 첨가한 소시지의 특성과 유사하였다. 인산염 0.5%와 $\small{L}$-아르기닌 0.5% 첨가 소시지에 대하여 관능 평가를 실시하였다. 조직감은 인산염을 사용한 시료가 $\small{L}$-아르기닌을 첨가한 시료보다, 맛과 전체적인 기호도에서도 $\small{L}$-아르기닌을 첨가한 소시지가 다소 우수한 것으로 평가되었다. 이상의 결과로부터 소시지 제조시 $\small{L}$-아르기닌은 인산염 대체 소재로 활용될 수 있으며 첨가량은 0.5%가 적절함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.225-229
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• 1996

Effects on thrombin by an amphipathic cation, dequalinium, which has been recognized as an anticarcinoma agent were investigated with small chromogenic substrates such as Na-benzoyl-DL-argininep-nitroanilide (BApNA), H-D-phenylalanyl-L-pipecoyl-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide (S-2238), and Na-p-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester (TAME). Among them, only TAME hydrolysis due to an esterase activity of the enzyme was significantly activated to 81% at 20 ${\mu}M$ dequalinium in the absence of NaCl. This stimulation became even higher in the presence of 0.2 M NaCl to 3.5-fold at 60 ${\mu}M$ dequalinium. This specific activation of thrombin was well correlated with the results of in vitro coagulation tests measuring the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and the prothrombin time (PT) It is pertinent. therefore, to suggest that the esterase activity should be examined in addition to the effects on 5-2238 hydrolysis when especially any regulators not directed to an active site of thrombin need to be studied. We also expect that dequalinium could be a useful tool for studying structure-function relationship of thrombin and blood coagulation.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 1994

최근 포유동물에서 nitric oxide(NO)는 중추신경계(CNS)의 기능에 있어서 매우 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져왔다. NO는 NO synthase(NOS)에 의해 L-arginine으로부터 합성된다. 본 연구에서 저자 등은 무지개송어(Oncorhynchus mykiss)의 CNS에서 NOS활성을 측정했고, 소교세포와 신경교성상 세포 및 회돌기교세포의 특징을 기술하였다. CNS에서 세교세포는 포유동물에서와 유사한 큰 소교세포(large microglia : LM)와 세포질이 매우 적은 소형 소교세포(small microglia : SM)등 2가지 형태적 특징이 관찰되었다. CNS에서 신경교성상 세포는 모세섬유가 연결되지 않은 망상 구조의 형태를 보였고, 희돌기교세포는 신경교성상세포보다 더 세포질이 밀집되어 있었다. 저자등은 무지개송어의 CNS에서 NOS의 활성을 측정하였는데, 그 양은 $1.04{\pm}0.12\;pg/min/mg$이었고, $N^{G}MMA$와 EGTA에 의해 가역적 또는 비가역적으로 억제되었다. 이들의 결과는 CNS에서 L-argine으로부터 NO형성이 calcium에 의존적이고, 초기 진화 기원의 경로를 시사해 주었다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.459-469
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• 1995

As S-nitrosothiols were proposed as nitrergic carriers in vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle, we have investigated the relaxant properties of several S-nitrosothiols in the porcine retractor penis(PRP) muscle and compared them with the effects of exogenously added NO, electrical field stimulation(EFS) of NANC nerves and sodium nitroprusside(SNP). Also the influences of oxyhemoglobin and hydroquinone on the relaxant responses were investigated. In addition, effects of NO on membrane potentials and its involvement in the generation of inhibitory junction potential(IJP) were investigated with conventional intracellular microelectrode technique. The results were summerized as follows. 1. Frequency-dependent relaxations of PRP muscle were induced by EFS to NANC nerve. Tetrodotoxin($1{\times}10^{-6}M$) abolished the relaxations of PRP muscle induced by EFS, and L-NAME(($2{\times}10^{-5}M$) and methylene blue($4{\times}10^{-5}M$) inhibited the relaxations. L-NAME-induced inhibition of the relaxations was reversed by L-arginine($1{\times}10^{-3}M$), but not by D-arginine. 2. Exogenous NO($1{\times}10^{-5}-1{\times}10^{-4}M$), sodium nitroprusside(($1{\times}10^{-7}-1{\times}10^{-4}M$) induced dose-dependent relaxations of PRP muscle. All S-nitrosothiols($1{\times}10^{-7}-1{\times}10^{-4}M$) tested relaxed the PRP muscle in dose-dependent manner and the potency order was SNAP>GSNO>CysNO>SNAC. 3. Oxyhemoglobin($5{\times}10^{-5}M$) blocked the relaxation induced by exogenous NO and inhibited EFS-, S-nitrosothiols-, and SNP-induced relaxation. 4. Hydroquinone($1{\times}10^{-4}M$) also abolished the relaxations induced by exogenous NO, and reduced the relaxations induced by S-nitrosothiols, but did not affect EFS- and SNP-induced relaxations. 5. SNP($2{\times}10^{-6}-5{\times}10^{-6}M$) relaxed muscle strips but the membrane potentials were not affected. 6. EFS with several pulses(1ms, 2Hz, 80V) produced an inhibitory junction potential(IJP) with muscle relaxation. They were abolished by TTX($2{\times}10^{-6}M$). $N^G$-nitro-$_{\small{L}}$-arginine(L-NNA, $2{\times}10^{-5}M$) abolished the muscle relaxation, but had no effect on IJP.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.640-646
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• 2018

To determine whether there are differences in the food component characteristics of the cultured recessive small-sized abalone Haliotis discus hannai (SA; 30-40 each/kg) and middle-sized abalone (MA; 10-15 each/kg), the proximate compositions, fatty acid and total amino acid compositions of these two species were evaluated. Additionally, extraction methods were performed on the SA to asses the quality characteristics of the resulting. In terms of proximate composition, MA had lower moisture and carbohydrate levels and higher crude protein contents than SA. The total amino acid contents of MA and SA were 15,734.4 and 11,379.1 mg/100 g, respectively, the major amino acids were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, serine, glycine, alanine, leucine, arginine and lysine, and the major fatty acids were 16:0, 18:0, 18:1n-9, 18:1n-7, 20:4n-6, 20:5n-3, and 22:5n-3. The pH levels and total nitrogen and amino nitrogen contents of the hot-water extract (WE) and scrap enzyme hydrolysate (SE) samples from the SA were 6.32 and 6.05, 1.36% and 1.52%, and 342.1 and 403.1 mg/100 g, respectively. The extraction yields and free amino acid contents from SA were 1,317 and 440 mL/kg, and 8,721.1 and 9,070.7 mg/100 g, respectively, and the concentrations of major components were as follows: arginine, glycine, glutamic acid, alanine and lysine. Additionally, the complex extract (WE+SE) was superior to the traditional extract (WE) in terms of extraction yield, amino-nitrogen content, and organoleptic qualities but not odor.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.279-285
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• 1995

To characterize non-adrenergic non-cholinergic(NANC) nerve mediated contractile responses in circular smooth muscle of bovine reticular groove, we investigated NANC relaxation and contraction induced by electric field stimulation to enteric nerves. In the presence of atropine($1{\mu}M$) and guanethidine($50{\mu}M$), electric field stimulation at frequency of 1 to 16Hz(square pulses, 0.5ms duration, 70V) evoked clear-cut relaxations through stimulations. Transient 'rebound contraction' was occured when the stimulus was switched off. All of the responses (relaxation and rebound contraction) were dose-dependently blocked by Nw-nitro-$_{\small{L}}$-arginine methyl ester(L-NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, and methylene blue, and inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase. Tetraethyl ammonium(TEA), a potassium channel blocker, did not block the NANC relaxations.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.854-859
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• 1997

옛부터 민간요법으로 사용되었던 팥, 녹두 및 검정콩 추출액의 이화학적 특성을 비교 검토하였다. 세가지 원료 두류 중 팥과 녹두는 탄수화물이 많이 함유되어 있었고 검정콩은 조단백질과 조지방 함량이 높았으나 두류 추출액들은 원료의 함량과는 상관없이 모두 비슷한 수준을 나타내었다. 유리당에 있어서 팥 추출액에는 fructose가, 녹두 추출액에는 fructose와 glucose가 그리고 검정콩 추출액에 있어서는 glucose와 maltose가 검출되지 않았고, 두류의 특징이라고 하는 삼당류인 raffinose와 사당류인 stachyose가 세가지 두류 추출액에 모두 상당량 함유되어 이들 기능성 올리고당에 대한 관심이 기대된다. 두류 추출액에서 17종의 유리 아미노산이 검출되었는데 이 중 arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid 및 serine의 함량이 상당히 높았으며 녹두 추출액에서는 팥과 검정콩 추출액에서 검출되었던 유리 아미노산인 cystine이 검출되지 않았다. 팥, 녹두, 검정콩 추출액에서 칼슘, 칼륨, 나트륨, 인 및 철의 5가지 무기질 함량을 측정한 결과 칼륨의 함량이 가장 높게 나타났으며 그 다음으로는 인, 나트륨, 칼슘, 철의 함량순으로 분석되었다. 검정콩 추출액이 460 nm와 540 nm에서의 흡광도가 가장 높았고, 색도는 세 가지 두류 추출액 중 가장 낮은 수치를 나타내어 일관성이 있는 결과를 나타내었다.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.248.3-249
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• 2002

Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of vascular tone. platelet function. neurotransmission. and immune function. NO is synthesized from the L-arginine by NO synthase (NOS). Three distinct isoforms of NOS have been identified: calcium/calmodulin-dependent endothelial (eNOS) and neuronal (nNOS) isoforms which are constitutive and produce small quantities of NO, and an inducible isoform (iNOS) which is markedly induced in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or inflammatory cytokines. (omitted)

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.72-81
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• 2013

Four Luxi beef cattle ($400{\pm}10$ kg) fitted with ruminal, duodenal and ileal cannulas were used in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square to assess the effects of soybean small peptide (SSP) infusion on rumen fermentation, diet digestion and flow of nutrient in the gastrointestinal tract. The ruminal infusion of SSP was 0 (control), 100, 200 and 300 g/d. Ruminal SSP infusion linearly (p<0.01) and quadratically (p<0.01) increased microbial protein synthesis and rumen ammonia-N concentration. Concentrations of total volatile fatty acid were linearly increased (p = 0.029) by infusion SSP. Rumen samples were obtained for analysis of microbial ecology by real-time PCR. Populations of rumen Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Streptococcus bovis, Ciliate protozoa, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Prevotella ruminicola were expressed as a proportion of total Rumen bacterial 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA). Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens populations which related to total bacterial 16S rDNA were increased (p<0.05), while Streptococcus bovis populations were linearly (p = 0.049) and quadratically (p = 0.020) decreased by infusion of SSP. Apparent rumen digestibility of DM and NDF were (Q, p<0.05; L, p<0.05) increased with infusion SSP. Total tract digestion of DM, OM and NDF were linearly (p<0.01) and quadratically (p<0.01) increased by infusing SSP. The flow of total amino acids (AA), essential amino acids (EAA) and individual amino acids were linearly (p<0.01) and quadratically (p<0.01) increased with infusion SSP. The digestibility of Lysine was quadratically (p = 0.033) increased and apparent degradability of Arginine was linearly (p = 0.032) and quadratically (p = 0.042) increased with infusion SSP. The results indicated that infusion SSP could improve nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation and AA availability.