• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.97-100
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• 1999

In order to establish in vitro propagation method of sundew, Drosera rotundifolia L., the effects of MS medium concentration, cytokinin type and concentration, pH, and auxin type and concentration on shoot proliferation and root formation were investigated using shoots at 3 month after seed germination. The highest shoot production was obtained with the half strength of MS ($\frac{1}{2}$ MS) medium than with any other strength of MS medium tested. Addition of kinetin or BA in $\frac{1}{2}$ MS medium was strongly suppressed shoot proliferation. The suppression of shoot proliferation was more effective in BA-supplemented $\frac{1}{2}$ MS medium than kinetin-supplemented. The optimum pH of the media for shoot proliferation was pH 5.7-6.7. Shoots were subcultured in $\frac{1}{2}$ MS medium supplemented with 0.5mg/L 2,4-D for rooting every 8 weeks. All subcultured shoots produced extensive root systems after 5 to 6 week culture. Plantlets after root development were planted in plastic pots filled with moss. The survival rate of plantlets was almost 100%. On subculturing every 8 weeks, hundreds of the plants were propagated from a single plant within a year.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.258-262
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• 2011

Embryogenic callus was induced from the cultures of immature embryos of Camellia japonica L. on Murashige & Skoog's (MS) solid medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), and then the embryogenic callus was proliferated on same medium for 4 weeks over. The embryogenic callus was sub-cultured on MS basal medium without 2,4-D to produce coyledonary stage of somatic embryo. The frequency (%) of somatic embryogenesis was 25.1%, and the majority of somatic embryos formed had a abnormal morphology with cupshaped cotyledon (48.3%), one cotyledon (12.6%), three cotyledons (9.4%), four cotyledons (1.9%), whereas was only normal morphology with two cotyledon (27.5%). When the somatic embryos with normal or abnormal cotyledons transfer to MS basal medium or $\frac{1}{2}$ MS medium with/or without plant growth regulators ($GA_3$, IBA) for regeneration, the frequency (%) of two-cotyledon embryos regenerated into plantlets was higher 11.1% than one cotyledon (0.0~8.3 %), three cotyledons (0.0~5.8%), four cotyledons (0.0%), cup-shaped (0.3~4.2%). These results demonstrated that the anomalous cotyledons of somatic embryos could caused to decrease the rate of plant regeneration.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.102-107
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• 1984

This study was undertaken to know the possibility of in vitro propagation of Stevia through axillary bud culture and the results indicated that: (1) Addition of NAA (0.01-0.05 mg/l) alone on Murashige-Skoog basal medium promoted shoot differentiation and growth rate. And also additional of kinetin of 0.5-1.0 mg/1 alone showed the same trend as that of NAA: (2) Addition of both NAA (0.01-0.05 mg/l) and kinetin (0.5-1.0mg/l) to MS medium promoted better shoot formation. (3) Shoot differentiation and growth were better on the full salt strength of MS medium (1X MS) than that of half strength ( $\frac{1}{2}$MS), while their effects were reversed for root differentiation

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.84 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 1995

A plant regeneration system using shoot basal callus of in vitro cultured black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia L.) was established. Shoot basal callus was induced on MS medium supplemented with BA, or NAA, and mere more proliferated on BA containing medium than NAA containing medium at both light and dark conditions. Shoot basal callus was induced during shoot multiplication procedure. Two types of callus, green colored callus and whitish-yellow colored callus, were cultured on mMS medium containing 2.0 mg/l BA and 0.5 mg/l NAA. Green colored callus showed the shoot regeneration ability while whitish-yellow callus failed to regenerate shoot and died. Regenerated shoot were rooted on hormone-free ${\frac{1}{2}}MS$ medium within 2 weeks.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.155-161
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• 1998

The hairy roots of Crotalaria sessiliflora were induced from the tissue segments infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC 15834. The induced hairy roots were subjected to paper electrophoresis fro the detection of opine-positive clones which were considered to have been transformed. Mannopine and agropine were presented in hairy root clones while mannopine was presented in two hairy root clones. Eight hairy root clones were selected and cultured in MS, B5 and WP media. Each of hairy root clones was showed a difference in branch pattern and growth rate. The best culture medium and culture conditions of hairy roots were in $\frac{1}{2}$MS(3% sucrose, pH 5.7) liquid medium at 25$^\circ C$, 70 rpm under dark, the growth rate in $\frac{1}{2}$MS liquid medium was increased with 210-fold more than that of inoculated hairy roots and with 2-fold more than that in MS liquid medium. Also, the adequate condition for hairy root growth was such that concentration of KH$_2PO$_4 was 1.25mM and the ratio of NH${_4}{^+}$ : NO${_3}{^-}$ was 1 to 3 in MS medium. The presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids, monocrotaline, in the hairy roots was detected by TLC.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.344-349
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• 1981

This study was conducted to define the effect of 2.4-D, NAA, Benzyladenine, and basic mediums on the callus induction and the organ differentiation from the meristem tips and the stem and leaf segments of the potato. Benzyladenine promoted the induction and growth of shoot from the meristem tip of potato but inhibited initiation of roots and induction of callus. At higher concentration of NAA than 0.5 ppm and of 2.4-D than 1.0 ppm the shoots were not initiated but the callus was induced from the meristem. The callus growth was significantly promoted on the medium containing NAA than 2.4-0. The initiation and growth of the shoots from the potato meristem was significantly increased in the medium containing 2.4-D and BA, or NAA and BA, compared with those containing BA, NAA or 2.4-D alone. The callus was more easily induced from the stem segments than the leaf segments of potato. And the 2.4-D was more effective for the induction and growth of the callus than the NAA. MS medium diluted its concentration to 1/2 was more suitable for the initiation and growth of the shoots from the potato meristem than the MS standard medium. For the initiation and growth of the shoots from the potato meristem, the most desirable medium was the diluted MS medium containing 1.0 ppm BA and 0.1 ppm NAA or 0.1 ppm 2.4-D.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.208-213
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• 2011

This study was carried out to determine the effect of medium solidity, salt strength, sugar and nitrogen sources, and pH levels on in vitro multiplication of pathogen-free yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.). Liquid medium was more effective in the growth of plant height, fresh weight, and formation of microbulb than the solid medium. Optimal condition for plant fresh weight, growth, and multiplication axillary bud was in 1MS salt strength with 60 $g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ sucrose and half strength of $KNO_3$. Optimal condition for microbulb formation was $\frac{1}{2}$ MS salt strength supplemented with glucose 60 $g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and half strength of $KNO_3$. The number of leaves and nodes were sharply increased from 2 to 5 weeks, whereas plant fresh weight was steadily increased from 3 to 11 weeks after inoculation. Microbulbs were formed at 2 weeks after inoculation and continuously increased until 12 weeks.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 1981

Explants of mature root tissues and calli derived from root and cotyledon of Panax ginseng were cultured in vitro on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2, 4-dichlorophen-oxyacetic acid(3,4-D), naphthaleneacetic acid(NAA), benzyladenine, and gibberellic acid to assess their capacity to regenerate organs. Root formation at high percentage (46.2-61.1%) was obtained 20-30 days after culturing on media supplemented with combinations of NAA(5 mg/l) and kinetin (1 mg/l), And calli derived from cotyledon produced numerous embryoids in media($\frac{1}{2}$MS) containing 2,4-D(0.5 mg/l) and kinetin (0.5 mg/l). Reculture of these embryoids in media($\frac{1}{2}$MS) enriched with 1 mg/l of benzyladenine and 1 mg/l of gibberellic acid resulted in more plantlet regeneration.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.199-203
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• 2009

Rugosa rose (Rosa rugosa) is cultivated as a garden flower and an important genetic resource for the breeding of roses (R. hybrida). This study describes culture conditions for high frequency plant regeneration from zygotic embryo explants via somatic embryogenesis in rugosa rose. Mature zygotic embryo, cotyledon, and radicle explants formed embryogenic calluses at frequencies of 38, 6.7, and 8.8% when cultured on half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium (${\frac{1}{2}}MS$) supplemented with 2.26, 9.05, and $9.05{\mu}M$ 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, respectively. Embryogenic calluses produced numerous somatic embryos, which then developed into plantlets on ${\frac{1}{2}}MS$ without growth regulators. Regenerated plantlets were grown to whole plants in a growth chamber.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.126-131
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• 1996

Plant regeneration from the stem tissue of Houttuynia cordata Thunberg was investigated. The medium supplemented with the combination of 2, 4-D 1 mg/L and kinetin 0. 5 mg/L was the most effective for the embryogenic callus formation. The internode segment produced more callus formation than the leaf segment. ${\frac{1}{2}}\;MS$ medium was the most effective for the embryogenic callus formation. The medium supplemented with the 1% activated charcoal produced the whole plant directly without the callus formation from the nodes. The medium supplemented with the combination of NAA 0. 2 mg/L and BA 1 mg/L was the most effective for the plant regeneration from the embryogenic callus.