• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.1168-1177
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the microbial community of three tannery wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) involved in nitrification by Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The results showed that highly diverse communities were present in tannery wastewater. A total of six phyla, including Proteobacteria (37-41%), Bacteroidetes (6.04-16.80), Planctomycetes (3.65-16.55), Chloroflexi (2.51-11.48), Actinobacteria (1.91-9.21), and Acidobacteria (3.04-6.20), were identified as the main phyla, and Proteobacteria dominated in all the samples. Within Proteobacteria, Beta-proteobacteria was the most abundant class, with the sequence percentages ranging from 9.66% to 17.44%. Analysis of the community at the genus level suggested that Thauera, Gp4, Ignavibacterium, Phycisphaera, and Arenimonas were the core genera shared by at least two tannery WWTPs. A detailed analysis of the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) indicated that Nitrosospira, Nitrosomonas, and Nitrospira were the main AOB and NOB in tannery wastewater, respectively, which exhibited relatively high abundance in all samples. In addition, real-time quantitative PCR was conducted to validate the results by quantifying the abundance of the AOB and total bacteria, and similar results were obtained. Overall, the results presented in this study may provide new insights into our understanding of key microorganisms and the entire community of tannery wastewater and contribute to improving the nitrogen removal efficiency.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.395-402
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• 2015

Non-human primates (NHPs) are confirmed as reservoirs of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia intestinalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi. In this study, 197 fresh fecal samples from 8 NHP species in Qinling Mountains, northwestern China, were collected and examined using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) method. The results showed that 35 (17.8%) samples were positive for tested parasites, including Cryptosporidium spp. (3.0%), G. intestinalis (2.0%), and E. bieneusi (12.7%). Cryptosporidium spp. were detected in 6 fecal samples of Macaca mulatta, and were identified as C. parvum (n=1) and C. andersoni (n=5). Subtyping analysis showed Cryptosporidium spp. belonged to the C. andersoni MLST subtype (A4, A4, A4, and A1) and C. parvum 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) subtype IId A15G2R1. G. intestinalis assemblage E was detected in 3 M. mulatta and 1 Saimiri sciureus. Intra-variations were observed at the triose phosphate isomerase (tpi), beta giardin (bg), and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) loci, with 3, 1, and 2 new subtypes found in respective locus. E. bieneusi was found in Cercopithecus neglectus (25.0%), Papio hamadrayas (16.7%), M. mulatta (16.3%), S. sciureus (10%), and Rhinopithecus roxellana (9.5%), with 5 ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genotypes: 2 known genotypes (D and BEB6) and 3 novel genotypes (MH, XH, and BSH). These findings indicated the presence of zoonotic potential of Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi in NHPs in Qinling Mountains. This is the first report of C. andersoni in NHPs. The present study provided basic information for control of cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, and microsporidiosis in human and animals in this area.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.564-569
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 파프리카(Capsicum annuum L.)의 색상별, 품종별 phytochemical들의 성분 분석 및 항산화 활성을 비교, 분석하고자 하였다. Phytochemical은 carotenoids, L-ascorbic acid, ${\alpha}$, ${\gamma}$-tocopherol 함량을 측정하였으며, 항산화 활성은 ABTS와 DPPH radical 소거 활성을 측정하였다. 파프리카에서 7종의 carotenoids를 정성 및 정량 분석한 결과, lutein은 녹색과의 Special품종과 황색과의 Fiesta 품종이 각각 4.65${\pm}$0.84, 5.19${\pm}$0.05 mg/kg fw로 다른 파프리카에 비해 그 함량이 높았다. 적색과의 Special 품종의 capsanthin 함량이 53.70${\pm}$6.23 mg/kg fw로 다른 파프리카에 비해 많이 함유되어 있었으며, 총 carotenoids의 함량도 다른 파프리카보다 유의하게 높았다. L-Ascorbic acid는 녹색과에서 적색과로 갈수록 그 함량이 증가하는 양상을 나타내었다. Tocopherol의 함량은 10.48-35.17 mg/kg fw으로 나타났으며, 녹색과에서 그 함량이 높았다. ${\gamma}$-Tocopherol의 함량은 녹색과의 Cupra와 Special에서 각각 29.31${\pm}$1.56, 23.34${\pm}$2.26 mg/kg fw로 다른 두 색상에 비해 높은 함량을 나타내었으며, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol은 적색과 Cupra 품종에서 26.02${\pm}$2.89 mg/kg fw로 그 함량이 가장 높았다. 파프리카의 색상별 ABTS와 DPPH radical 소거활성을 살펴본 결과 추출물의 농도가 증가함에 따라 radical 소거활성이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 모든 색상의 파프리카 추출물이 ${\beta}$-carotene보다 그 활성이 높은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 적색과가 다른 색상의 파프리카에 비해 항산화능이 높았는데, 이는 적색과에 다량의 capsanthin, L-ascorbic acid, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol과 같은 phytochemical들이 함유되어 있어 항산화능이 높은 것으로 사료된다.