• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.173-181
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• 2009

One of the most extensively studied populations of multipotent adult stem cells are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs derived from the human umbilical cord vein (HUC-MSCs) are morphologically and immunophenotypically similar to MSCs isolated from bone marrow. HUC-MSCs are multipotent stem cells, differ from hematopoietic stem cells and can be differentiated into neural cells. Since neural tissue has limited intrinsic capacity of repair after injury, the identification of alternate sources of neural stem cells has broad clinical potential. We isolated mesenchymal-like stem cells from the human umbilical cord vein, and studied transdifferentiation-promoting conditions in neural cells. Dopaminergic neuronal differentiation of HUC-MSCs was also studied. Neural differentiation was induced by adding bFGF, EGF, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) in N2 medium and N2 supplement. The immunoreactive cells for $\beta$-tubulin III, a neuron-specific marker, GFAP, an astrocyte marker, or Gal-C, an oligodendrocyte marker, were found. HUC-MSCs treated with bFGF, SHH and FGF8 were differentiated into dopaminergic neurons that were immunopositive for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) antibody. HUC-MSCs treated with DMSO and BHA rapidly showed the morphology of multipolar neurons. Both immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR analysis indicated that the expression of a number of neural markers including NeuroD1, $\beta$-tubulin III, GFAP and nestin was markedly elevated during this acute differentiation. While the stem cell markers such as SCF, C-kit, and Stat-3 were not expressed after neural differentiation, we confirmed the differentiation of dopaminergic neurons by TH/$\beta$-tubulin III positive cells. In conclusion, HUC-MSCs can be differentiated into dopaminergic neurons and these findings suggest that HUC-MSCs are alternative cell source of therapeutic treatment for neurodegenerative diseases.

• Mycobiology
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.421-425
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• 2017

In 2016, grape fruits showing ripe rot symptom were found in fields of Korea. The fungus was isolated and identified as Colletotrichum viniferum based on morphological characteristics and nucleotide sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and ${\beta}$-tubulin. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. viniferum causing grape ripe rot disease of grape fruits in Korea.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.369-374
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• 2018

The fungal strain KNU16-004 was isolated from a field soil sample collected in Seoul. The isolate was identified as Leptosphaerulina australis based on morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large subunit (LSU) rDNA regions, and ${\beta}-tubulin$ (Tub2). This is the first report of Leptosphaerulina australis in Korea.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2004

The${\beta}$-glucosidases occur widely in all living organisms and has in general a tendency to form oligomers of varying numbers of subunits or aggregates, although the functional implications of such diverse oligomerization schemes remain unclear. In particular, the assembly mode of the oat ${\beta}$-glucosidase is very unique in that it multimerizes by linear stacking of a hexameric building block to form long fibrillar multimers. Some structural proteins such as actin and tubulin assemble into long fibrils in a helical fashion and several enzymes such as GroEL and Pyrodictium ATPase functional complexes, 20S proteasome of the archaebacterium Thermoplasma acidophilum, and lutamine synthetase fromblue-green algae, assemble into discrete oligomers upto 4 stacked rings to maintain their enzymatic activities. In particular, oat ${\beta}$-glucosidase exists in vivo as a discrete long fibrillar multimer assembly that is a novel structure for enzyme protein. It is assembled by linear stacking of hollow trimeric units. The fibril has a long central tunnel connecting to the outer medium via regularly distributed side fenestrations. The enzyme active sites are located within the central tunnel and multimerization increases enzyme affinity to the substrates and catalytic efficiency of the enzyme. Although it is suggested that oligomerization may contribute to the enzyme stability and catalytic efficiency of ${\beta}$-glycosidases, the functional implications of such diverse oligomerization schemes remain unclear so far.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.126-144
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• 2012

Background : Peripheral nerves more rapidly recover than central nerves. However, it has been known that the degree of reaction of axons of peripheral nerves is affected by distinctive characteristics of axons and environmental factors near the axons. Taxol is a widely used medicine as for ovarian, breast, lung and gastric cancer. However it causes patients difficulties under treatment due to its toxic and side effects, which include persistent pain. Objectives : This study reviewed how SJT extract in vitro and in vivo affects nerve tissues of a sciatic nerve damaged by Taxol. It also studied how SJT extract in vivo affects axons of the sciatic nerve after the sciatic nerve was damaged by pressing. Methods : After vehicle, Taxol, and Taxol plus SJT were treated respectively for tissue of the sciatic nerve in vitro and then tissues were observed using Neurofilament 200, Hoechst, ${\beta}$-tubulin, $S100{\beta}$, caspase-3 and anti-cdc2. SJT was also oral medicated by injecting Taxol into the sciatic nerve of in vivo rats. Tissues of the sciatic nerve and axons of DRG sensory nerves were then observed using Neurofilament 200, Hoechst, ${\beta}$-tubulin, $S100{\beta}$, caspase-3 and p-Erk1/2. After inflicting pressing damage to the sciatic nerve of in vivo rats, tissues of the sciatic nerve and DRG sensory nerve were observed using Neurofilament 200, Hoechst, $S100{\beta}$, caspase-3, anti-cdc2, phospho-vimentin, ${\beta}1$-integrin, Dil reverse tracking and p-Erk1/2. Results : The group of in vitro Taxol plus SJT treatment had meaningful effects after sciatic nerve tissue was damaged by Taxol. The group of in vivo SJT treatment had effects of regenerating Schwann cells and axons which were damaged by Taxol treatment. The group of in vivo SJT had effects of regenerating axons in damaged areas after the sciatic nerve was damaged by pressing, and also had variations of distribution in Schwann cells at DRG sensory nerves and axons. Conclusions : This study confirmed that SJT treatment is effective for growth of axons in the sciatic nerve tissues and improvement of Schwann cells after axons of the sciatic nerve tissues was damaged. After tissues of sciatic nerve was damaged by pressing in vivo, SJT treatment had effects on promoting regeneration of axon in the damaged area and reactional capabilities in axons of DRG sensory nerves.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2015

In the present study, we investigated the effect of staurosporine on the formation of cellular processes in human gingival fibroblasts and rat astrocytes. Staurosporine caused a rapid induction of process formation in human gingival fibroblasts and rat astrocytes in a concentration dependent manner. The process formation of human gingival fibroblasts and rat astrocytes was prevented by the pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine, suggesting that staurosporine-induced ROS production was responsible for the process formation. Colchicine, a microtubule depolymerizing agent, inhibited the staurosporine-induced process formation, whereas cytochalasin D, an actin filament breakdown agent, failed to suppress the formation of cellular processes. This result indicated that polymerization of microtubule, and not actin filament, was responsible for the formation of cellular processes induced by staurosporine. In support of this hypothesis, Western blot analysis was conducted using anti-tubulin antibody, and the results showed that the amount of polymerized microtubule was increased by the treatment with staurosporine while that of depolymerized beta-tubulin in soluble fraction was decreased. These results indicate that staurosporine induces ROS-mediated, microtubule-dependent formation of cellular processes in human gingival fibroblasts and rat astrocytes.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1490-1495
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• 2009

The development of nanotechnology has penetrated the fields of biology and medicine, resulting in remarkable applications for tissue regeneration. In order to apply this technology to tissue engineering, we have developed nano-scaled 3D scaffolds consisting of growth factor-loaded heparin/poly(l-lysine) nanoparticles (NPs) attached to the surface of polymeric micro spheres via polyionic complex methods. Growth factor-loaded NPs were simply produced as polyelectrolyte complexes with diameters of 100-200 nm. They were then coated onto positively charged poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) pretreated with polyethyleneimine to enable cell adhesion, proliferation, and stimulation of neurite outgrowth. Propidium iodide staining and $\beta$-tubulin analysis revealed that neuronal PC12 cells proliferated extensively, expressed significant amounts of b-tubulin, and showed well-structured neurite outgrowth on polymeric microspheres by stimulation with growth factors. These results suggest that cellular adhesion and biological functionality on prepared PLGA microspheres enabled terminal differentiation of neuronal cells.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.205-215
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• 2022

Penicillium pimiteouiense was discovered in South Korea during an investigation of fungal communities in soil collected from the Gyeongsangbuk-do province. In this study, we performed molecular analysis of this fungal isolate using internal transcribed spacer rDNA, β-tubulin, and Calmodulin gene sequences. We also performed morphological analysis using five agar media, potato dextrose, oatmeal, malt extract, czapek yeast extract, and yeast extract sucrose. In this study, the molecular and morphological analyses of P. pimiteouiense with detailed descriptions and figures has been carried out.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.207-213
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• 1999

During the differentiation of Naegleria gruberi amoebas into flagellates, the amoebas undergo sequential changes in cell shape and form new cellular organelles. To understand the nature of the signal which initiates this differentiation and the signal transduction pathway, we treated cells with four agents, PMA, retinoic acid (RA), okadaic acid, and cAMP. Retinoic acid and cAMP had specific effects on the differentiation of N. gruberi depending on the time of the drug treatment. Addition of (100$\mu$M) retinoic acid at the initiation of differentiation inhibited differentiation by blockinq the transcription of differentiation specific genes (e.g., $\beta$-tubulin). This inhibition of differentiation by retinoic acid was overcome by co-treatment with cAMP (or dbcAMP, 20 $\mu$M). Addition of retinoic acid at later stages (30 and 70 min) had no effect on the transcriptional regulation of the $\beta$-tubulin gene, however the differentiation was inhibited by different degrees. Co-treatment of cAMP at these stages did not overcome the inhibitory effect of retinoic acid. These results suggest that the role of retinoic acid as a transcriptional regulator might be conserved throughout the evolution of eukaryotes.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.58-63
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• 2015

진균에 의한 오염은 재배사에서 톱밥 배지를 이용한 표고 재배에 중대한 영향을 미치기 때문에 표고 재배사 실내 공기에 존재하는 진균에 대한 모니터링을 수행하던 중 여러 진균을 분리하였다. 분리된 진균 중에는 국내 미기록인 Aspergillus pulverulentus와 Cosmospora butyri 등 2종을 비롯하여 기록은 있으나 균학적 확증이 부족한 Lecanicillium psalliotae와 L. antillanum 등 2종이 존재하였다. 본 논문에서는 이들 균류에 대한 형태적 특성과 더불어 internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA region 또는 ${\beta}$-tubulin 유전자 염기서열에 기반한 계통학적 분석 결과를 기술하였다.