• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.105-109
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• 1994

Lysosomal enzymes might play a most important role in the pathogenesis od diabetic microangiopathy. Some glycosidases, which participate in the catabolism of glycoprotein, are significantly decreased in diabetic mice. In search of new potential lysosomal enzyme inducers, we examined the effects of crude red-ginseng saponin fraction on N-acetyl-$\beta$-D-glucosaminidase, $\beta$-D-galactosidase and $\alpha$-D-mannosidase activities in the liver and kidney of normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic mice. It was found that i.p. administration of ginseng saponin produced the induction of lysosomal enzymes in the kidney more intensively than in the liver. The obtained results suggest the possibility that ginseng saponin might prevent the diabetic microangiopathy.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.596-601
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• 2002

The present study was designed to examine the effect of ozone treatment in microencapsulated ${\beta}$-galactosidase on inactivation of the enzyme and sterilization of microorganism. The efficiency was the highest as 78.4% when the ratio of polyglycerol monostearate (PGMS) was 15:1. Activities of lactase remaining outside the capsule were affected by ozone treatment. With the increase of ozone concentration and duration of ozone treatment, the activity reduced significantly. In sensory aspect, with 2% microcapsule addition, no significant difference in sweetness was found compared with a market milk during 12 d storage. Above result indicated that the additional washing process of lactase was not necessary to inactivate the residual enzyme. In a subsequent study, the vegetative cells of microorganisms were completely killed with 10 ppm for 10 min treatment by ozone. The present study provides evidence that ozone treatment can be used as an inactivation and a sterilization process. In addition, these results suggest that acceptable milk products containing lactase microcapsules made by PGMS can be prepared with ozone treatment.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.320-326
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• 2000

Promoters of the genes G3P, ICL1, POT1, POX1, POX2 and POX5 of the yeast Y. lipolytica were studied in respect to their regulations and activities during growth on different carbon sources. The aim of this study was to select suitable promoters for high expression of heterologous genes in this yeast. For this purpose the promoters were fused with the reporter gene lacZ of E. coli and integrated as single copies into the genome of Y. lipolytica strain PO1d. The measurement of expressed activities of ${\beta}$-galactosidase revealed that pICL1, pPOX2 and pPOT1 are the strongest regulable promoters available for Y. lipolytica, at present. pPOX2 and pPOT1 were highly induced during growth on oleic acid and were completely repressed by glucose and glycerol. pICL1 was strongly inducible by ethanol besides alkanes and fatty acids, however, not completely repressible by glucose or glycerol. Ricinoleic acid methyl ester appeared as a very strong inducer for pPOT1 and pPOX2, in spite of that it inhibited growth of Y. lipolytica transformants.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2000

To develop natural antimicrobial agents for keeping qualities of postharvested greenhouse produce the antimiocrobial actions of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. extract , which showed remarkable antimicrobial effects against microorganism causing the postharvest decay of greenhouse produce, were investigate. In the inhibitory experiment of enzymes related to energy production metabolism hexokinase activities decreased to 73% and 68% by treating with Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et.Zucc. extract and Eugenia caryophyllata Thumnberg extract in comparison with control, respectively. Direct visualization of microbial cells by using both transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope showed that microbial cell membrane was destroyed by treating with the dilute extract solution. this change of celluloar membrane permeability could be identified in the experiment that 0-nitrophenyl-${\beta}$-D-galactopyrano-side(ONPG), the artificial substrate of ${\beta}$-galactosidase, was hydrolyzed in the presence of the extract, indicating that the membrane was perturbed. The separation and identification of the most antimicrobialo substances isolated from Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb et. Zucc. extract and Eugenia caryophyllata Thunberg extract were carried out by using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry 9GC/MSD), which were identified as eugenol. As a result, the functionality of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. extract and Eugenia caryophyllata Thunberg extract as antimicrobial agents for keeping qualities of postharvested greenhouse produce may be recommended.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.852-860
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• 2012

An Antarctic bacterial isolate displaying extracellular ${\alpha}$-galactosidic activity was named Paenibacillus sp. LX-20 based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Optimal activity for the LX-20 ${\alpha}$-galactosidase occurred at pH 6.0-6.5 and $45^{\circ}C$. The enzyme immobilized on the smart polymer Eudragit L-100 retained 70% of its original activity after incubation for 30 min at $50^{\circ}C$, while the free enzyme retained 58% of activity. The enzyme had relatively high specificity for ${\alpha}$-D-galactosides such as p-nitrophenyl-${\alpha}$-galactopyranoside, melibiose, raffinose and stachyose, and was resistant to some proteases such as trypsin, pancreatin and pronase. Enzyme activity was almost completely inhibited by $Ag^+$, $Hg^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, and sodium dodecyl sulfate, but activity was not affected by ${\beta}$-mercaptoethanol or EDTA. LX-20 ${\alpha}$-galactosidase may be potentially useful as an additive for soybean processing in the feed industry.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.637-645
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• 1999

Two putative regulator genes, mocR and mocS, of the moc (mannityl opine catabolism) operons in pTi15955 of the octopine-/mannityl opine-type Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain 15955, were tested for their possible roles as repressors in the moc operons. The regions upstream of macC and mocD, the first structural genes in the two divergently oriented moc operons, were transcriptionally fused into the promoterless lacZ reporter gene. Each of the lacZ-fusions was introduced into Agrobacterium strain UIA5, a Ti plasmid-cured derivative, harboring either a mocR or a mocS clone. The resulting strains were grown in media containing various sugar sources, and the $\beta$-galactosidase activities were quantitatively measured. The results suggested that MocR repressed the expression of macC and macD. The expression of the fused $\beta$-galactosidase was not induced by mannopine (MOP) or possible catabolic intermediates of the opine, e.g. santhopine (SOP), glucose, mannose, or glutamine. However, the repression was significantly relieved by the supplementation of MOP and the concomitant introduction of the agcA gene encoding MOP cyclase that catalyzes the lactonization of MOP to agropine (AGR). These results suggested that AGR, rather than MOP or the other catabolic intermediates, is the inducer for the expression of the operon. On the contrary to previous report showing that the induction levels of macC and macD were lowered by the supplementation of inorganic nitrogen in media, the expression of these genes was not affected by the level of nitrogen in our reporter system. MocS did not strongly repress the expressions of macC and mocD. It is possible that MocS may be involved in the regulation of the operons present downstream of the moc operon, which are responsible for the utilization of mannopinic acid and agropinic acid.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.239-245
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• 2017

Aging is a physiological and irreversible, progressive process involving changes in the ability to maintain cellular functionality. It affects tissues, organs and the whole organism and thus finally cause to death. Oxidative stress has been postulated to contribute significantly to the accelerated accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) in collagen, which is implicated in the process of skin aging. In the present study, glycation inhibitory activity of methoxy PEG-45 thioctate (LA-PEG), and its inhibitory effect of cellular oxidation and senescence was investigated. Treatment of LA-PEG significantly showed lower fluorescent intensity induced by AGEs. In addition, LA-PEG was significantly reduced the formation of ROS induced by AGEs. High antioxidant and anti-glycation activities of LA-PEG in glycated collagen model indicated its contribution to anti-aging process. Cellular senescence leads to an increase in senescence-associated ${\beta}$-galactosidase ($SA-{\beta}-gal$) activity, which can be used as a biomarker to identify senescent cells. Treatment with LA-PEG showed a dose-dependent, statistically significant decreased in $SA-{\beta}-gal$ indicating reduced senescence. These results suggest that LA-PEG may have potent anti-aging effects and can be used as new functional materials against cellular accumulation of AGEs.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.25-25
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• 2003

본 연구는 돼지 동결-융해 정자의 배양에 의한 체외수정능력과 glycosidase activity의 관계를 검토하였으며, 또한 돼지난자의 투명대내에서 발견된 당잔기에 대한 정자의 glycosidase 특이성을 확인하기 위하여 $\alpha$-L-fucosidase, $\alpha$-D-mannosidase, $\beta$-D-galactosidase 및 N-acetyl-$\beta$-D-glucosaminidase ($\beta$-GlcNAc'ase)의 activity를 분석하였다. 그 결과 glycosidase activity는 동결정자의 융해 후 배양하지 않았을 때보다 2시간 배양했을 때 더 높게 나타났다. $\beta$-GlcNAc'ase의 activity는 정자 배양 유무에 관계없이 다른 glycosidase 처리시보다 최소한 2배 이상 높게 나타났다. 또한 첨체반응이 유기된 정자의 비율은 glycosidase ($\alpha$-D-mannosidase; P<0.05)에 의해 영향을 받았으며 정자를 배양하지 않은 경우보다는 배양된 정자에서 높게 나타났다. 그러나 배양시간에 따른 정자의 생존성에 대해 glycosidase의 종류에 따른 유의차는 인정되지 않았다. 한편 투명대내 정자의 접착과 침입에 대한 또 다른 실험에서, 서로 다른 glycosidase가 첨가된 배양액내에서 수정된 정자가 배양시간이 길어짐에 따라 정자의 침입율은 낮아졌다($\beta$-GlcNAc'ase; P<0.05). 투명대내의 정자접착 정도는 glycosidase의 첨가시에 무첨가시보다 접착정도가 더 높았으며, 가장 높은 접착율은 $\beta$-GlcNAc'ase첨가시 나타났다. 또한 모든 glycosidase 처리시 2시간 배양한 정자보다는 배양하지 않은 정자에서 투명대에 대한 접착정도가 높게 나타났으며, $\alpha$-D-mannosidase의 처리시 유의적인 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). 본 연구의 결과, $\beta$-GlcNAc'ase가 주로 돼지정자의 원형질막내에 존재하는 것으로 추측되며, 배양된 정자에 의한 투명대 접착정도와 침입율이 낮았음에도 불구하고 glycosidase activity가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 2018

Objective: D-galactose (D-gal) is well-known agent to induce aging process. In the present study, we selected crocin, the main constituent of Crocus sativus L. (saffron), against D-gal- induced cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Methods: Pretreated cells with crocin ($25-500{\mu}M$, 24 h) were exposed to D-gal (25-400 mM, 48 h). The MTT assay was used for determination cell viability. Dichlorofluorescin diacetate assay (DCF-DA) and senescence associated ${\beta}$-galactosidase staining assay (SA-${\beta}$-gal) were used to evaluate the generation of reactive oxygen species and beta-galactosidase as an aging marker, respectively. Also advanced glycation end products (AGEs) expression which is known as the main mechanism of age-related diseases was measured by western blot analysis. Results: The findings of our study showed that treatment of cells with D-gal (25-400 mM) for 48h decreased cell viability concentration dependency. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels which are known as main factors in age-related diseases increased from $100{\pm}8%$ in control group to $132{\pm}22%$ in D-gal (200 mM) treated cells for 48h. The cytotoxic effects of D-gal decreased with 24h crocin pretreatment of cells. The cell viability at concentrations of $100{\mu}M$, $200{\mu}M$ and $500{\mu}M$ increased and ROS production decreased at concentrations of 200 and $500{\mu}M$ to $111.5{\pm}6%$ and $108{\pm}5%$, respectively. Also lysosomal biomarker of aging and carboxymethyl lysine (CML) expression as an AGE protein, significantly increased in D-gal 200 mM group after 48h incubation compare to control group. Pre-treatment of SHSY-5Y cells with crocin ($500{\mu}M$) before adding D-gal significantly reduced aging marker and CML formation. Conclusion: Treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with crocin before adding of D-gal restored aging effects of D-gal concentration dependency. These findings indicate that crocin has potent anti- aging effects through inhibition of AGEs and ROS production.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1347-1353
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• 2018

The fermentation of non-digestible soy meal can convert polysaccharides into many compounds that have a wide variety of biological functions. Bacillus strains are capable of hydrolyzing non-digestible saccharides, such as melibiose, raffinose, and stachyose, found in soy meal components. A highly active ${\alpha}$-galactosidase (${\alpha}$-d-galactoside galactohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.22) was isolated from a bacterium in a traditional Korean fermented medicinal herb preparation. The isolate, T2-16, was identified as Bacillus coagulans based on its 16S rRNA sequence and biochemical properties, and the strain was named Bacillus coagulans NRR-1207. When incubated in 10%(w/v) skim milk, Bacillus coagulans NRR1207 caused a decrease in the pH of the culture medium, as well as an increase in titratable acidity and viable cell counts. This strain also showed higher activities of ${\alpha}$-galactosidase, ${\beta}$-galactosidase, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, naphthol-AS-BO-phosphohydrolase, and acid phosphatase when compared to other enzymes. It hydrolyzed oligomeric substrates, such as raffinose and stachyose, and liberated galactose, indicating that the Bacillus coagulans NRR1207 ${\alpha}$-galactosidase hydrolyzed the ${\alpha}$-1,6 glycoside linkage. These results suggest that the decreased stachyose and raffinose contents observed in fermented soy meal are due to this ${\alpha}$-galactosidase activity. Bacillus coagulans NRR1207 therefore has potential probiotic activity and could be utilized in feed manufacturing, as well as for hydrolyzing non-digestible soy meal components.