• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.218-233
• /
• 2013

This study used SPSSS 18.0 on 237 university students in Busan for frequency, factorial and reliability, correlation, and regression analyses to determine the effect relationship of coffee shop service quality on perceived value and behavioral intention. Multiple regression analysis for hypothesis testing showed that among the four service quality factors, confidence in employees and primary coffee quality had a non-significant effect on esthetic value, while menu characteristics besides coffee (${\beta}$=.293, p<.001) and physical environment (${\beta}$=.293, p<.001) were analyzed to be significant, partially supporting the study hypothesis. Regarding the effect of service quality on practical value, confidence in employees (${\beta}$=.264 p<.001), primary coffee quality (${\beta}$=.463, p<.001), menu characteristics besides coffee (${\beta}$=.139, p<.05) and physical environment (${\beta}$=.110, p<.05) were all significantly analyzed, supporting the study hypothesis. Regarding the effect of service quality on behavioral intention, confidence in employees (${\beta}$=.262 p<.001), primary coffee quality (${\beta}$=.411, p<.001), menu characteristics besides coffee (${\beta}$=.157, p<.01) and physical environment (${\beta}$=.137, p<.05) were all significantly analyzed, supporting the study hypothesis. In addition, regarding the effect of perceived value on behavioral intention, esthetic value (${\beta}$=.265, p<.001) and practical value (${\beta}$=.536, p<.001) were both significantly analyzed, showing a causal relationship with behavioral intention.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.285-298
• /
• 2012

This study was undertaken to understand the interrelationships among customer's perceptions of service encounters, customer value, and behavioral intent in a family restaurant. Based on 331 samples obtained from empirical research, we reviewed the reliability and fitness of a research model and verified three hypotheses using a structural equation model. The results showed that physical environment (${\beta}$ = .418) and a customer interaction with the service provider (${\beta}$ = .265) had a significant effect on the customer's hedonic value. Additionally, physical environment (${\beta}$ = .126) and customer interaction with service providers (${\beta}$ = .264) had a significant effect on customer utilitarian value. Customer's hedonic (${\beta}$ = .538) and utilitarian value (${\beta}$ = .382) triggered by service encounters had a significant effect on their behavioral intent. Limitations and future research directions are discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.89-100
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to reveal association between medical service quality, consumer satisfaction, service value and customer loyalty. Medical service quality was composed of physical quality, personal quality, technical quality, procedural quality. We thought these factors affect to the consumer satisfaction, service value and customer loyalty. For this study, 221 dental patients in Busan and Ulsan are participated in this study. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression analysis with SPSS 18.0 program. In conclusion, we obtained the next results. First, the influencing factor in consumer satisfaction were physical quality(${\beta}$=.519), personal quality(${\beta}$=.262), procedural quality(${\beta}$=.110), adjusted $R^2$=.537. Second, the influencing factor in service value were physical quality(${\beta}$=.253), personal quality(${\beta}$=.251), technical quality(${\beta}$=.210), procedural quality(${\beta}$=.136), adjusted $R^2$=.401. Third, the influencing factor in customer loyalty were personal quality(${\beta}$=.343), physical quality(${\beta}$=.302), procedural quality(${\beta}$=.148), adjusted $R^2$=.398. As dental patients' desire to medical service quality becomes diversified, the analysis result is considered to help the future dental service management.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.22 no.8
• /
• pp.78-88
• /
• 2016

This study conducted to find influences of selection attributes on consumer satisfaction as perceived by low-cost restaurant visiter by considering personal value. Developed survey was distributed and 428 sample who visited the low-cost franchise restaurant were employed the statistical analyze. The internal value and the external value included individual value in order to estimate the influence of the choice factor of the low-cost franchise restaurant on the quality of the product, and the choice factors were consisted of 3 variables that are quality, accessibility and service. Regression analysis was conducted to verify the relationships among the variables. As a result, the internal value (${\beta}=.236$, p<.0.01), and external value (${\beta}=.352$, p<.001) have the significant positive relationships with respect to quality. Second, the external value (${\beta}=.305$, p<.001) has the positive relationship with regard to accessibility, but the internal value has no significant relationships with level of accessibility. Third, the internal value (${\beta}=.828$, p<.001) has the significant positive relationship with regard to service, but there was no significant influences between external value and service in this study. Fourth, the internal value (${\beta}=.472$, p<.001), the external value (${\beta}=.479$, p<.001) were critical antecedents of the quality. Last, while quality (${\beta}=.858$, p<.001) has significant positive relationship with satisfaction, but it didn't show any relationships with accessibility and service.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.420-427
• /
• 2015

It is necessary to understand the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of food-grade delivery systems, such as ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin (${\beta}$-lg) nanoparticles, for the application of bioactive compounds to functional foods. The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationships between the physicochemical properties of ${\beta}$-lg nanoparticles, such as particle size and zeta-potential value, and their cellular uptakes and cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells. Physicochemical properties of ${\beta}$-lg nanoparticles were evaluated using particle size analyzer. Flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to investigate cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of ${\beta}$-lg nanoparticles. The ${\beta}$-lg nanoparticles with various particle sizes (98 to 192 nm) and zeta-potential values (-14.8 to -17.6 mV) were successfully formed. A decrease in heating temperature from $70^{\circ}C$ to $60^{\circ}C$ resulted in a decrease in the particle size and an increase in the zeta-potential value of ${\beta}$-lg nanoparticles. Non-cytotoxicity was observed in Caco-2 cells treated with ${\beta}$-lg nanoparticles. There was an increase in cellular uptake of ${\beta}$-lg nanoparticles with a decrease in particle size and an increase in zeta-potential value. Cellular uptake ${\beta}$-lg nanoparticles was negatively correlated with particle size and positively correlated with zeta-potential value. Therefore, these results suggest that the particle size and zeta-potential value of ${\beta}$-lg nanoparticles play an important role in the cellular uptake. The ${\beta}$-lg nanoparticles can be used as a delivery system in foods due to its high cellular uptake and non-cytotoxicity.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.131-138
• /
• 2013

Insulin resistance and pancreatic beta cell dysfunction have been established as being related to the diabetes. Lately, what is emphasizing is that those have been shown as something related to the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), simple index is calculated on blood levels of fasting glucose and insulin. And HOMA has been widely validated and applied for insulin resistance and pancreatic beta cell dysfunction. We also assessed the factors relative to insulin resistance and ${\beta}$ cell function determined by HOMA. The data from the 2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. Analysis was done for 3,465 nondiabetic subjects (male 1,357, female 2,108). At baseline, anthropometric measurements were done and fasting glucose, insulin, lipid (Total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and Triglycerides) profiles were measured. HOMA-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and beta cell function (HOMA ${\beta}$-cell) were calculated from fasting glucose and insulin levels. In male, the value of HOMA-IR and HOMA ${\beta}$-cell was the highest among 30's and decreased as the age increased. In female, the value of HOMA-IR increased with age, while HOMA ${\beta}$-cell decreased. High HOMA-IR and low HOMA ${\beta}$-cell were associated with the highest value of fasting glucose and systolic blood pressure. Low HOMA-IR and high HOMA ${\beta}$-cell showed the lowest concentration of fasting glucose and the highest concentration of HDL cholesterol. High HOMA-IR and high HOMA ${\beta}$-cell were connected with BMI, Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and Triglycerides. There was a negative correlation between HOMA ${\beta}$-cell and age. The correlation coefficients of HOMA-IR and HOMA ${\beta}$-cell showed the highest value among weight, BMI and WC.

• Plant Resources
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.140-146
• /
• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the $\beta$-glucan contents and their characteristics of winter cereals according to particle sizes and milling recoveries. Sieved fractions differed in their average contents of $\beta$-glucans, and the coarse fraction had higher contents of $\beta$-glucan than finely milled fractions. In all winter cereals, the $\beta$-glucan contents of raw flours were higher than those of their brans, and the highest $\beta$-glucan contents of every cereals were observed at 100 mesh > or 100-140 mesh fractions except the Chalssalbori fractions which showed the higest $\beta$-glucan contents (12.9%) at 140-200 mesh fraction. As compared with the $\beta$-glucan content of Chalbori among the various milling recoveries, the $\beta$-glucan was distributed more evenly throughout the endosperm but $\beta$-glucan content in bran of Chalbori was only 1.5%. However, $\beta$-glucan content of Chalssalbori (hull-less waxy barley) was the highest in the subaleurone region (8.2%) and declined slightly toward inner layers of grain. This results suggest that $\beta$-glucan distribution between high (Chalbori) and low $\beta$-glucan barley (Chalssalbori) may explain the difference in milling performance of barley. On the other hand, $\beta$-glucan contents of two rye varieties (Chilbohomil, Chunchoohomil) were lower than those of two waxy barley varieties, and the higest $\beta$-glucan contents were observed at the 60% milling recoveries. In all winter cereals, the L-values (lightness) of raw flours were higher than those of brans. And the L-values of barley varieties were higher than those of oat and rye varieties. As the particle sizes and milling recovery ratios were decreased, the L-value were increased. The a-values (redness) in brans of every winter cereals were higher than those of every particle size flours and every milling ratio fractions, and this tendency was observed in the b-values (yellowness) of every particle size of cereal flours. The L and b-value of barley, the b-value of oat, and L, a, b-value of rye have the significant relationship with the $\beta$-glucan contents, respectively. This results represent the fact that $\beta$-glucans affected the color of the flours and pounded grains of winter cereals.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.65-75
• /
• 2019

We point out the limitations of Bloomberg Adjustment beta, shows that long-term beta does not converge with 1 and suggests an alternative to using proxy beta as beta's long-term forecast. We analyze whether the beta produced in the manner proposed by Bloomberg beta or proxy beta meets the purpose of calculating capital costs, for example, for the evaluation of corporate value. In particular, We apply in impairment valuations of assets and some analysis of how it affects. The proposal of the article applied in cases of analysis results are as follows : First, unlike the Bloomberg approach, long-term beta does not converge with market beta and therefore is not suitable as market forecast by beta. Second, estimating the suggested proxy beta as beta's predictive value resulted in Bloomberg beta and other adjustment Beta in the case categories, and the gap was large. Third, applying proxy beta results in a more appropriate valuation of the impairment loss on assets.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.127-136
• /
• 1985

To evaluate change of serum $beta_2-microglobulin$ concentration$(s\beta_2-MG)$ and the usefulness of $s\beta_2-MG$ and $s\beta_2-MG/serum$ creatinine concentration(sCr) ratio in various renal diseases, $s\beta_2-MG$ and sCr were measured in 25 normal controls and 90 patients of various renal diseases(16 cases of glomerulonephritis, 12 cases of acute renal failure, 8 cases of chronic renal failure, 24 cases of nephrotic syndrome, 15 cases of tubulointerstitial diseases and 15 cases of lupus nephritis) using $Phadebas^\circledR$ $Beta_2-Micro$ Test kits. The results were as follows; 1) In normal control, the mean value of $s\beta_2-MG$ was $1.65{\pm}0.41mg/l$ and the mean value of $s\beta_2-MG/sCr$ ratio was $0.14{\pm}0.05$. 2) In various renal diseases, the mean value of $s\beta_2-MG$ was $6.74{\pm}5.47mg/l$. The mean value of $s\beta_2-MG/sCr$ ratio was $0.24{\pm}0.11$ and significantly elevated than that of normal control. (p<0.05) 3) The correlation between $s\beta_2-MG$ and sCr in glomerular and tubulointerstitial disease was log $s\beta_2-MG-0.90$ log sCr-0.48 and its correlation coefficient was 0.78(p<0.05). 4) In glomerular disease, the correlation between $s\beta_2-MG$ and sCr was log $s\beta_2-MG-0.89$ log sCr-0.46(r - 0.76) and in tubulointerstitial disease, it was log, $s\beta2-MG-0.95$ log sCr-0.59 (r-0.87). There was no significant difference between the two groups(p<0.05). 5) Among 32 cases of glomerular and tubulointerstitial disease patients, whose sCr was within normal range, 17 cases showed elevated $s\beta_2-MG$. The mean values of $s\beta_2-MG/sCr$ ratio in these patients was $0.30{\pm}0.14$ and significantly elevated than that of normal control(p<0.05). 6) In 15 cases of lupus nephritis, 12 cases showed elevated $s\beta_2-MG$ with normal sCr and 12 cases showed elevated $s\beta_2-MG/sCr$ ratio. With above results, it was found that the $s\beta_2MG$ can be used as an index of glomerular filtration rate as in the case of sCr and that $s\beta_2-MG/sCr$ ratio can be used as a tool in early detection of slightly decreased glomerular filtration rate and in detection of the renal disease of increased $\beta_2-MG$ production.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.1987-1992
• /
• 2015

The aim of this research was to investigate the possible association between gastric carcinoma (GC) and polymorphisms of the IL-$1{\beta}$ gene in the Kashmiri population using peripheral blood DNA from 150 gastric carcinoma cases and 250 population controls with detailed data for clinicopathological characteristics of the disease. Two SNPs in the IL-$1{\beta}$ gene were selected for this study. Expression of IL-$1{\beta}$ was studied in 50 gastric carcinoma cases using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR and then correlated with genotype. The frequency of the IL-$1{\beta}$-511 C allele was significantly higher in the GC case group (53.3%) than in controls (45.4%) with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.73 and a P value of 0.03. Multivariate regression analysis showed associations of gastric carcinoma with mutant form of IL-$1{\beta}$-511 TT (OR 0.309; P value <0.001) and the CC genotype of IL-$1{\beta}$-31 (OR 0.313; P value of 0.002). Haplotype analysis of IL-$1{\beta}$-31 and IL-$1{\beta}$-511 showed decreased association of IL-$1{\beta}$-31 T with IL-$1{\beta}$-511 C with gastric carcinoma (OR 0.728; P value 0.03). Expression study of 50 samples by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RT-PCR showed association with grade III and stage III+IV. After correlating the expression with polymorphism no association was found.