• 대한수의학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.219-224
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• 2002

We report the seasonal prevalence of the mycoplasmal pneumoniae of swine (MPS) in slaughter pigs from July of 1999 to June of 2000. Gross finding of lung lesion observed and examined by dot-ELISA. In gross finding of lung lesion from 750 pig samples, 465 (62.0%) was MPS, and 129 (17.2%) was single or double infection with actinobacillosis and pasturellosis. However, 156 (20.8%) had no lesion. In seasonal detection, the prevalence was found to be winter (69.5%), autumn (63.5%), summer (60.0%) and spring (54.7%) in orderly frequency. In dot-ELISA, the result was showed the positive reaction (x16>titre) with 58.0% and negative (x4

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.55-64
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• 1978

The present investigations were carried out for the purpose of making clear the fundamental features of the seasonal variations in carrageenan content and its chemical composition. The samples, Chondrus ocellatus, were collected every month from the same locality on the coast of Haewundae from March, 1975 to February, 1976, and analyzed monthly to determine their carrageenan content, sulphate and 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose over a year period. En addition, some chemical characteristics were also tested on the fractions separated by the different concentrations of potassium chloride. In seasonal variation, the maximum carrageenan content occurred from summer through autumn, and the minimum in winter, especially in February. It is noted in the seasonal variations of the sulphate content of total carrageenan and three fractions that the maximums appreared in October and minimums in february. With seasonal variations of percent 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose of total carrageenan and three fractions, maximum values occur in June and minimum values in December. Seasonal variations in sulphate and 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose contents of the three fractions were on the whole similar in mode of variation, and there could be no substancial differences. Seeing seasonal variations in the sulphate and 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose contents of three fractions, carrageenan extracted from the algae gathered in spring shelved higher portion of fraction I than that gathered in autumn. In these respects, it seems that a more weakly gelling k-carrageenan exists in the spring than in the autumn.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 1997

This study was wnducte to investigate the effects of treatment level and seasons of sluny hm bovine feces on the productivity of rye, N efficiency and improvement of soil fertility under the Korean climate condition. The results obtained fiom this study summarized as follows ; 1. The highest dry matter yield of rye was obtained in the partial fertilization of sluny in spring or autumn. There is no differences of dry matter yield between spring and autumn application. 2. With increasing the amount of slurry-N, the dry matter yield of rye was signigicantly increased up to 100Kg sluny Nha. As the level of slurry-N rises above about 100Kg N/ha, the maximal yield of dry matter was unchanged or declined. 3. As the level of sluny fertilization rises, the crude protein content of rye increases significantly. However the contents of crude protein was less affected by the application seasons. 4. The amount of nitrogen which produced 6om rye is dependent upon the level of slurry-N. The highest nitrogen yield of rye was obtained by the partial fertilization of sluny-N. 5. The season or amount of slurry treatments did not affect the organic matter content in soil. N-content in soil was the lowest by the partial fertilization of slurry in spring or autumn. However, N-content was increased with the higher level of sluny-N.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.775-784
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• 1998

This study was conduced to investigate the seasonal variation of dietary intake and quality obtained by 24 hour recall method in Korean adults living in rural area. The mean daily intakes of 4 seasons were 1,692kcal for energy, 63g(14.8% of energy) for protein, 30g(15.7% of energy) for fat, 257g(60.7% of energy) for carbohydrate. Mean daily intakes were significantly highest in winter for most of the nutrients, and lower in summer for energy, fat, calcium, iron. Mena adequacy ratio(MAR), an index of overall nutritional quality was 0.65 in winter, 0.67 in spring, 0.65 in summer and 0.72 in autumn and nutrient adequacy ratio(NAR) was significantly different fro vitamin C agmong different seasons. Subjects consumed usually 15.3 different foods in winter, 14.5 in summer, 13.9 in spring and 13.7 in autumn. The number of food consumed was positively correlated with intake of most nutrients, especially in autumn. For variety among the five major food groups(grain, meat, dairy, fruit, vegetable) with a dietary diversity scores(DDS) calculated, the average socre of DDS was 3 in all seasons and omitted food groups were usually dariy and fruit. In conclusion, dietary intake and quality of Korean adults were different according to seasons.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.149-168
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• 2000

The Purpose of this study was to investigate the new effective oriential medicine tretments in pediatric disease and its clinical applicability The study was composed of 1245 new patients who had been treated at the all unit in the Dong-Seo oriential Medicine Hospitial for 1 year, from 1 April 1999 to 31 March 2000, and aged between 0 and 18 years. The chief complaint was mainly categorized by oral examination on patients and their care-givers. Result 1. The numbers of children who involved in this study is total 1245: Male children are 668 and female children are 577 children. The sex rate between male and female is 1.15 to 1. 2. Most of the above patients came to the hospital at first time from diseases such as musculoskelectal disease, weakness, asthma, cough, anorexia, common cold, rhiorrhea, sweating, dyspepsia, dematitis, night terror, obesity, stomach, short stature, Besides, they also came to the hospital at first time from various diseases such as epistasxis, pyrexia. Bell's palsy, nocturia, contipation, cerebral palsy, disorder, CVA. diarrhea. stress disease, Allergic disease, Tic disorder. Visual disorder, Kawasaki disease, Pierre Robin's syndrom, hematuria, edema and so on. 3. Looking at the frequent diseases, Respiratory dis. children including asthma, cough, rhiorrhea, sweating, common cold, pyrexia covers 36%, in 399 numbers. digestive dis. children including anorexia, dyspepsia, stomach, diarrhea, constipation, indigestion covers 19%, in 211 numbers. cadiovasculary disease children including arrthymia, terror in frequency, night crying, sediation, Tic disorder covers 8%, in 85 numbers. Hepatobiliary disease children including short stature, dizziness, visual difficulty, sprain, disorder of nail covers 21%, in 238 numbers. renal disease. children including nocturia, hematuria, hemation, disorder of hair, menorrhea, cerebral palsy, edema in 44 numbers. Fatigue children covers 13%. in 143 numbers. 4. In case of respatory disease children. total number is 399 children. dematitis children are 108 numbers and asthma children are 96 numbers. These show that children seem to the best have dematitis and asththma. The age from 0 to 6 is 290 numbers, covering 73 percentage. The others are covering 27 percentage. These data demonstrate that the age from 0 to 6 age could easily get these kinds - of diseases. The 29 percent of children had these kinds of diseases in spring. The 28 percent of children had these kinds of diseases in autumn. These show that children seem to frequently have these kinds of diseases in both spring and autumn season.(inter-season) 5. In case of digestive disease, anorexia covers 39%, in 83 numbers, dyspepsia covers 28%, in 59 numbers, anorexia and dyspepsia were the lagest group in digestive disease and the age from 0 to 6 covers 59%, in 125 numbers and the other age covers 39%. According to these data, infant seems to be vulnerable to these kinds of diseases. The 24 percent of children had these kinds of diseases in spring and summer. The 33 percent of children had these kinds of diseases in winter, which means that children mostly had winter. but decreased significant in autumn. 6. In case of cadiovasculary diseases, it can be divided into two categories: night covers 73% and nervous characteristics covers 27%. The age from 0 to 6 occupies 75%, and the other age occupies 25%. These data also show that infants can easily infected with these kinds of diseases. Analyzing by the season, summer could be the most frequent season that children have these kinds of diseases. but decreased in autumn. 7. In case of hepatobiliary children, sprains covers 166 numbers, fatigue covers 32 numbers, epistasxia covers 24 members, the reasion which sprain occupyied most of % were sprain covered ages. The age from 0 to 14 covers 59% and from 15 to 18 covers 41%. In the conclusion the adolescent seems to be vulnerable to sprains. In spring 29%, insummer 31%, in autumn 23%, and in winter 28% of children got these kinds of diseases, which show that children seems to have this kinds of disease in summer season. and decreased in autumn. 8. In case of renal disease. nocturia and hematuria covers 52%(occupied overhalf). The age from 0 to 6 covers 52%(occupied overhalf). Analyzing by season, in spring increased in summer(59%), decreased in autumn(45%) Conclusion 1. The chief complant in pediatric diseases that needed an oriental medical tretment was mainly the disease that tends to take iong time and the weakness. and appeared frequency in respiratory disease : 2. The oriential medical tretment was still preferred as a way to improve the weakness by patients, rather than a way to overcome their disease. In paticular, the study shows that the oriental medical tretment should be emphasized in terms of preventing the disease 3, The new disease, which were developed with the change of human life and envir oment(just like seual disorder, short stature, obesity, dynamic disorder, examinee disease), should be in vestigated as a new field of oriental medical tretment.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.16-24
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• 2024

Background: Indoor PM_2.5 concentrations in residential houses can be affected by various factors depending on the season. This is because not only do the climate characteristics depend on the season, but the activity patterns of occupants are also different. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to compare factors affecting indoor PM_2.5 concentrations in apartments and detached houses in Daegu according to seasonal changes. Methods: This study included 20 households in Daegu, South Korea. The study was conducted during the summer (from July 10 to August 10, 2023) and the autumn (from September 11 to October 9, 2023). A sensor-based instrument for PM_2.5 levels was installed in the living room of each residence, and measurements were taken continuously for 24 hours at intervals of one minute during the measurement period. Based on the air quality monitoring system data in Daegu, outdoor PM_2.5 concentrations were estimated using ordinary kriging (OK) in Python. In addition, the indoor activities of the occupants were investigated using a time-activity pattern diary. The affecting factors of indoor PM_2.5 concentration were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Results: Indoor and outdoor PM_2.5 concentrations of the residences during summer were 15.27±11.09 ㎍/m³ and 11.52±7.56 ㎍/m³, respectively. Indoor and outdoor PM_2.5 concentrations during autumn were 13.82±9.61 ㎍/m³ and 9.57±5.50 ㎍/m³, respectively. The PM_2.5 concentrations were higher in summer compared to autumn both indoors and outdoors. The primary factor affecting indoor PM_2.5 concentration in summer was occupant activity. On the other hand, during the autumn season, the primary affecting factor was outdoor PM_2.5 concentration. Conclusions: Indoor PM_2.5 concentration in residential houses is affected by occupant activity such as the inflow of outdoor PM_2.5 concentration, cooking, and cleaning, as found in previous studies. However, it was revealed that there were differences depending on the season.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2003

품종별로 무의 일반성분과 경도 등의 특성을 측정하고 동치미를 제조하여 발효숙성 중의 물리화학적 미생물학적 특성과 관능검사를 실시한 결과 다음과 같다. 외형적 특성은 가을무가 봄무에 비하여 길이가 짧고 직경은 굵은 편이었고, 이화학적 특성은 가을무가 봄무에 비하여 수분, 회분함량은 낮고, 당도는 높았으며, 경도는 가을무가 봄무에 비하여 높았다. 동치미의 발효 숙성 중 pH는 낮아지고 산도는 증가하였다. 동치미의 적정 pH와 산도에 이르는 시간이 봄무가 가을무에 비해 빠르게 나타났으며, 최종 생성된 총산함량은 가을무가 봄무에 비해 높았으며, 이는 원료무의 당도와 비례하는 것으로 나타났다. 미생물 수의 변화에서 총균수의 변화는 봄무의 경우 17일과 21일, 가을무의 경우 21일과 24일에 최대 총균수를 보인후 서서히 감소하는 경향이었다. 젖산균수도 총균수의 변화양상과 비슷하였으며, 봄무는 17일에 $10^8{\sim}10^9\;CFU/mL$, 가을무는 청운과 백봉의 경우 21일에, 청복의 경우 24일에 $10^9\;CFU/mL$로 최고치를 보인 후 감소하거나 또는 감소하였다가 다시 상승하기도 하는 등 품종마다 다르게 나타났다. 경도 변화는 발효 초기 급격한 감소와 증가를 보인 후 완만하게 감소하였으며 가을무가 봄무에 비하여 높았고, 그 중 청복이 장기간 저장해도 경도가 높게 유지되었다. 동치미를 $4^{\circ}C$에서 보관하면서 $pH\;4.0{\pm}0.1$, 총산도 $0.2{\sim}0.3%에 이르는 21일째에 관능검사를 실시한 결과, 봄무에서는 96371이, 가을무에서는 청복이 단단함과 씹힘성, 국물의 향미가 높았고, 전체적인 기호도에서도 좋게 나타났다. 이상의 평가 결과 청복이 동치미 가공 저장에 가장 적당한 품종으로 나타났다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.107-115
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• 1993

This study was carried out to find the characteristics of surface ozone concentration data obtained during 1988-1991 by the Korea Ministry of Environment. Seasonal data (spring, summer, autumn and winter) wre obtained in May, August, November and February respectively at Kwanghwamun in Seoul. The pollutants analyzed in this study are $SO_2, TSP, CO, NO, NO_2 and NO_2/NO$. Atmospheric factors such as solar radiation, wind speed, relative humidity, cloud amount and atmospheric temperature are also analyzed. The influence of pollutants and atmospheric factors that affect ozone concentration were analyzed by statistical method. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The ozone concentration varied seasonally. The maximum values were 23 ppb in spring, 33 ppb in summer, 16 ppb in autumn and 13 ppb in winter. So the seasonal ozone value was highest in Summer. 2. Te diurnal concentration of ozone was highest during 2-4 P. M. and was very low in the morning and evening. 3. The maximal correlation coefficients of each season between ozone concentration and the influencing pollutants or atmospheric factors asr as follows ; a. spring, r = 0.44(solar radiation) b. summer, r = -0.59(relative humidity) c. autumn, r = -0.55(relative humidity) d. winter, r = -0.58($NO_2$) 4. The major factor affecting the ozone concentration in spring was solar radiation, Relative humidity was the first affecting factor in summer, autumn and $NO_2$ concentration was dominant in winter.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.167-172
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• 1985

경남의 주요 미꾸라지산지인 5개지역 ( 밀양, 울산, 기장, 영산, 김해 )의 미꾸라지 여름철시료와 가을철시료의 중금속함량을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 카드뮴은 5개지역의 계절별 시료에서 모두 검출되지 않았다. 2) 구리는 여름철시료에서$2.640{\sim}4.973ppm$이, 가을철시료는 $1.722{\sim}2.353ppm$이 검출되었으며 여름철시료의 구리함량이 높았다. 3) 크롬은 여름철시료에 $0.324{\sim}0.471ppm$이, 가을철시료에 $0.443{\sim}1.073ppm$이 함유되어 있었으며 가을철시료에 크롬의 함량이 높았다. 4) 망간은 여름철시료에 $5.607{\sim}8.010ppm$이, 가을철시료에는 $2.563{\sim}14.405$이 함유되어 있었으며 울산을 제외하고는 가을철시료에 망간의 함량이 높았다. 5) 비소는 5개지역 모두 검출되지 않았다. 6) 납은 여름철시료에 $1.720{\sim}2.351ppm$이, 가을철시료에 $0.306{\sim}1.882ppm$으로 5개지역 모두 여름철시료가 높았다. 7) 수은은 여름철시료에 $0.029{\sim}2.351ppm$이, 가을철시료에 $0.039{\sim}0.103ppm$으로 여름철과 가을철시료에 차이가 없었다. 우리나라의 식품위생관계법규에는 콩나물의 수은함량에 대한 잠재규정만 있을 뿐 그 외의 자연식품에 대한 중금속 함량은 규제치가 정해져 있지 않다. 위의 실험결과 미꾸라지중 중금속함량은 우리나라 식품일반에 대한 규제치, 미국의 FDA나 Australia의 NHMRC의 규제치등에 비교해 볼 때 안전범위에 있었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2001

늦가을배추의 저온저장중 선도연장을 위하여 포장방법과 적입방법 개선에 대한 연구가 행하여졌다. 전반적인 상품성을 보았을 때 늦가을 배추는 $0^{\circ}C$에 저온 저장한 경우 3개월까지 저장, 출하가 가능한 것으로 여겨졌다. 그러나 저장 비용과 상품성에 따른 출고가격 등을 고려할 때 늦가을 김장 배추는 저장용 배추로는 부적합한 것으로 여겨졌다. 포장용기간 저장성은 플라스틱콘테이너와 골판지박스가 기존 그물망에 비하여 우수하게 나타났다. MAP 저장시 포장내의 가스 조성은 처리구간에 큰 유의적인 타이를 나타내지는 않았는데 대체로 산소 농도는 13~18% 정도, 이산화탄소는 0.75~7.48% 범위를 나타내었다. 따라서 배추의 호흡을 완전히 억제하기에는 부족한 환경 조건이었으나 $0^{\circ}C$ 저온 조건과 포장내의 고습도 조건의 조성으로 기존 저장방법에 비하여선도 연장 효과가 얻어진 것으로 사료되었다.