• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.638-645
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• 2002

One of the potential advantages of computer-based instruction is individualization of instruction. However, this goal has not been fully realized in practice, due largely to limitations of natural language understanding and to combinatorial explosion. It is nonetheless possible to develop CAT(Computer- based Adaptive Testing) Programs which can adapt to students, depending on their performance, by adjusting the length of computer-based tests. The number of questions can be significantly reduced for many individuals, while mastery and nonmastery decisions remain highly accurate. In this paper, We design and implement a Diagnosis System using SPRT(Sequential Probability Ratio Testing). This system supports multimedia object, client/server environment, indvidual feedback, multi-SPRT and maintain student model for individualization of instruction. besides, this system measures coefficient alpha of each problem.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.23 no.1 s.72
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• pp.86-91
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• 1995

Isoenzymatic analysis related with cadmium adaptation and detoxifying mechanism were carried out upon Rhizopus oryzae. When cadmium was added into R. oryzae culture, activities of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) related with carbohydrate metabolizing pathways were stimulated. Novel isoenzyme CAT-2 related with removing intracellular toxic peroxides, was induced lately and derepressed very highly. On the other hand, lactate-catabolizing enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) were repressed. These results strongly suggest that, under cadmium stress, much of derepression of enzymes relating with central metabolism such as TCA cycle that produces high yield of energy and relating with removal of toxic peroxides should be necessary.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.53-64
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• 2005

In this paper, proposes Kerberos certification mechanism that improve certification service of PKINIT base that announce in IETF CAT Working Croup. Also proposed Authentication Mechanism for reusability of Ticket that after Ticket's Lifetime is ended, message exchange that Local Client receives Remote Server's service. Since my suggestion to regional services are not described in Kerberos, authentication between regions can be performed via PKINIT(Public Key Cryptography for Initial Authentication) presented by IETF(Internet Engineering Task Force) CAT working group. The new protocol is better than the authentication mechanism proposed by IETF CAT Working group in terms of communication complexity and mechanism according to simplified Ticket issue processing.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.35-48
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• 2023

Let 𝔼 be a CAT(0) space and K be a nonempty closed convex subset of 𝔼. Let T : K → 𝓟(K) be a multimap such that F(T) ≠ ∅ and ℙ_T(x) = {y ∈ Tx : d(x, y) = d(x, Tx)}. Define sequence {x_n} by x_n+1 = (1 - α)𝜈_n⊕αw_n, y_n = (1 - β)u_n⊕βw_n, z_n = (1-γ)x_n⊕γu_n where α, β, γ ∈ [0; 1]; u_n ∈ ℙ_T (x_n); 𝜈_n ∈ ℙ_T (y_n) and w_n ∈ ℙ_T (z_n). (1) If ℙ_T is quasi-nonexpansive, then it is proved that {x_n} converges strongly to a fixed point of T. (2) If a multimap T satisfies Condition(I) and ℙ_T is quasi-nonexpansive, then {x_n} converges strongly to a fixed point of T. (3) Finally, we establish a weak convergence result. Our results extend and unify some of the related results in the literature.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.480-482
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• 2009

A 2-year-old, castrated male, Scottish fold cat was referred to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Seoul National University (VMTH-SNU) for evaluation of acute bilateral blindness after general anesthesia. For dental prophylaxis in local animal hospital, general anesthesia had been induced with intravenous acepromazine and ketamine, and maintained with isoflurane after intubation. At VMTH-SNU on next day, complete blood count, electrolytes and serum chemistry values were within normal ranges. On neurologic examination, visual placing and postural reactions like as hopping, hemiwalking and wheelborrowing were reduced on right hindlimb. On ophthalmic examination, menace responses were absent on both eyes and pupillary light reflex (PLR) reduced on right eye, but other reflex and fundus were normal. Prednisolone (2 mg/kg sid for 3 days) was administrated orally and tapered. Visual placing was possible on 2nd day, and postural reactions were recovered on 4th day after dental prophylaxis. Based on the process and recovery, this case was considered as postoperative visual loss (POVL) after general anesthesia.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.36-36
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• 2019

강원도 설악산 국립공원에는 국내 최장의 토왕성 폭포가 있다. 유역면적이 $0.54km^2$에 불과하여 평소에는 폭포의 물줄기를 볼 수 없지만, 비 온 뒤에는 며칠간 하얀 물줄기의 장관을 연출한다. 본 연구에서는 물리적 기반의 수문모형인 CAT3.0을 이용하여 강우시 토왕성 폭포의 유출량을 분석하고 강우량에 따른 유출지속기간을 산정하여 강우의 누적량 및 지속기간에 따른 폭포의 물줄기를 볼 수 있는 기간을 추정하고자 하였다. CAT 3.0은 다양한 침투방정식중에 Rainfall Excess, Horton Eq., Green-Ampt. Eq.을 이용하여 강우시 토양특성(토양깊이, 투수계수)과 잠재증발산량과 토양수분량에 의한 실제증발산량을 산정하고 유출량을 계산하는 수문모형이다. 토왕성 폭포의 유출 특성을 분석하기 위하여 속초지점의 19년간(2010~2018) 관측자료를 이용하였으며, 토양의 깊이는 10 cm, 30 cm를 가정하여 비교하였다. 유출해석을 위하여 일단위 자료를 사용하였으며, 강우지속일수 및 누가강우량에 따른 유출을 산정하고 폭포의 물줄기가 확연히 보일 수 있는 한계유출량을 추정하였다. 폭포로부터의 유출량을 측정하는 관측지점이 없으므로, 폭포의 물줄기를 볼 수 있는 기간은 방송사 뉴스, 신문기사, SNS 등의 다양한 정보원으로부터 유추해석하였다. 이러한 분석결과로부터 강우에 의한 토왕성 폭포의 물줄기를 볼 수 있는 기간을 제시하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.396-396
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• 2020

기후변화는 여러 수자원 문제를 야기하며, 특히 가뭄으로 인해 농업용 저수지의 물관리는 점점 중요해지고 있다. 여러 둑높이기 농업용 저수지 중 나주호는 수혜면적에 비해 유역면적이 작아 저수율관리에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 실제로 2017년과 2018년 가뭄이 발생함에 따라 저수율이 20 %까지 저하되었으며, 수혜구역내 간이 양수장, 양수 저류 등 가뭄대책이 시행되었다. 그럼에도 불구하고 나주호의 저수율이 회복되지 않아 단수를 실시하는 등 물관리에 어려움을 겪었다. 이 연구에서는 저수지인 나주호를 대상으로 기상자료, 나주호의 저수율, 공급량 자료를 바탕으로 CAT 모형을 적용 가뭄년도의 유입량 변화를 추정하였다. 검보정의 경우 CAT 3.0 버전에 포함된 SCE-UA 최적화기법을 이용하였다. 그 결과, 2008년부터 2019년까지의 평균 연간 유입량은 6,549 만㎥으로 분석되었으며, 평균 연간 유출율은 48 %로 조사되었다. 하지만, 가뭄이 발생하였던 2017년도의 경우 평균 연간 유입량이 2,070 만㎥, 유출율은 27 %로 조사되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.254-254
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• 2020

우리나라의 주요 식량은 쌀이기 때문에 논 경작이 매우 활발한 국가이며 국토전체면적의 약 8.27%가 논으로 구성되어 있다. 그렇기 때문에 우리나라 유역을 대상으로 수문 모델을 모의함에 있어서 유역 내 논에서의 수문학적 반응을 살펴보는 것은 정확한 유출분석을 위해 반드시 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 물리적 매개변수 기반의 물 순환 해석 모형인 CAT(Catchment Hydrologic cycle Assessment Tool)을 이용하여 충청남도 보령시에 위치한 보령댐 유역을 대상으로 일 자료기반의 유출모의를 수행하였다. CAT은 논에서의 담수심과 물꼬높이 등을 고려한 모듈을 포함하고 있기 때문에 우리나라 논에서의 유출특성을 반영한 유역 유출 모의가 가능하다. 연구기간은 2000년부터 2017년으로 총 18년의 강우, 유출 및 기상자료를 수집하여 전체 기간에 대해 모의하였다. 전체 기간 모의 결과에 대한 유출률과 토양수분을 분석하여 연속된 평년기간(2003년 - 2005년)과 연속된 가뭄년 기간(2015년 - 2017년)으로 시나리오를 구분하였으며, 각 3년 기간으로 구분된 두 가지 시나리오에 대한 논에서의 수문학적 거동 변화를 토양수분과 지하수수위를 중심으로 비교 및 분석하였다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.425-434
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• 1998

This study was designed to investigate the microglial reactions to the neurodegenerative changes in the cat retina. All experiments were performed using adult cats of both sex, weighing $2,500g\sim3,500g$. 5,7-DHT $(100{\mu}g)$ dissolved in 0.1% ascorbic acid was injected into the vitreous body. All injections were performed in one-side eye; the other side served as the control, which was injected only with 0.1% ascorbic acid. Cats were sacrificed at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after intravitreal injection of 5,7-DHT For light microscopy, retinae were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and processed using NDPase histochemistry. Same retinae were fixed with 1% para(formaldehyde-2.5% glutaraldehyde and processed for electron microscopy. NDPase-positive microglial cells were mainly distributed in the inner plexiform layer of the retina, and characterized by a small somata with a few slender processes, which were also extended in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner nuclear layer (INL). The intensity of the microglia stained for NDPase was abruptly increased at 7 day as compared with that of the control, and thereafter continuously sustained until 21 day, the last experimental group in this study. Under the electron microscopical observation, microglial cells in the control group exhibited elongate nucleus with perinuclear chromatin condensation, and the perikaryon was scanty. However, a few hypertrophic glial cells were frequently found at 3 days after the drug injection. By 7 day, most microglial cells directed toward the degenerated neurons in the GCL, and the number of microglial cells was slightly increased as compared with the former group. At the 14 day, most microglial cells wrapped the degenerated cells in the GCL, and a few cells showed phagocytotic features. By 21 day, most microglial cells were engaged in phagocytotic activity, and their cytoplasm was filled with the phagorytosed material. Based on the results, 5,7-DHT may act as a specific neurotoxin to the cat retina, and microglial reactions to the neuronal death are already induced in early experimental stage. These results indicate that the microglial cells in the cat retina show characteristic features as a protective effect of neural tissue.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.5-10
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the active ingredients from ginseng on paraquat(PQ) toxicity. Oxidative stress was induced by intraperitreatneal injection of PQ at a single dose of 25 mg/kg. Saponin treated groups were given protopanaxadiol saponins(PPD) or protopanaxatriol saponins(PPT)(5 mg/kg, orally) per day for 1, 3, & 7 days. We also investigated the relationship between lipid peroxidation and ginseng saponins by measuring the levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione(GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide(H$_2$O$_2$) in liver tissue. The activities of SOD, CAT, and GPx were generally high in the PPD group; the SOD activity on each day was the highest in the PPD group. The H$_2$O$_2$ content was the lowest in the PPD group. The GSH levels were significantly increased in the PPD. The levels of MDA(the end product of lipid peroxidation) were significantly lower in the red ginseng component groups than in the PQ group; the levels were especially low in the PPD groups. These results led us to conclude that the antioxidant effects of extracts from red ginseng prevent oxidative damage by direct antioxidant effects involving SOD, CAT, & GPx, and increasing the ability of the body to synthesize endogenous antioxidants.