Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.4070/kcj.2013.43.1.1

Advanced Cardiac MR Imaging for Myocardial Characterization and Quantification: T1 Mapping  

Hwang, Sung Ho (Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine)
Choi, Byoung Wook (Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine)
Publication Information
Korean Circulation Journal / v.43, no.1, 2013 , pp. 1-6 More about this Journal
Abstract
Magnetic resonance as an imaging modality provides an excellent soft tissue differentiation, which is an ideal choice for cardiac imaging. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) allows myocardial tissue characterization, as well as comprehensive evaluation of the structures. Although late gadolinium enhancement after injection of the gadolinium extracellular contrast agent has further extended our ability to characterize the myocardial tissue, it also has limitations in the quantification of enhanced myocardial tissue pathology, and the detection of diffuse myocardial disease, which is not easily recognized by enhancement contrast. Recently, the remarkable advances in CMR technique, such as T1 mapping, which can quantitatively evaluate myocardial status, showed potentials to overcome limitations of existing CMR sequences and to expand the application of CMR. This article will review the technical and clinical points to be considered in the practical use of pre- and post-contrast T1 mapping.
Keywords
Magnetic resonance imaging; Myocardium; Gadolinium; Fibrosis; Myocardial infarction;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Payne AR, Casey M, McClure J, et al. Bright-blood T2-weighted MRI has higher diagnostic accuracy than dark-blood short tau inversion recovery MRI for detection of acute myocardial infarction and for assessment of the ischemic area at risk and myocardial salvage. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2011;4:210-9.   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Friedrich MG, Sechtem U, Schulz-Menger J, et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in myocarditis: A JACC White Paper. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;53:1475-87.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Abdel-Aty H, Simonetti O, Friedrich MG. T2-weighted cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2007;26:452-9.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Williams ES, Kaplan JI, Thatcher F, Zimmerman G, Knoebel SB. Prolongation of proton spin lattice relaxation times in regionally ischemic tissue from dog hearts. J Nucl Med 1980;21:449-53.
5 Dall'Armellina E, Piechnik SK, Ferreira VM, et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance by non contrast T1-mapping allows assessment of severity of injury in acute myocardial infarction. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2012;14:15.   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Ferreira VM, Piechnik SK, Dall'Armellina E, et al. Non-contrast T1-mapping detects acute myocardial edema with high diagnostic accuracy: a comparison to T2-weighted cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2012;14:42.   DOI
7 Bello D, Shah DJ, Farah GM, et al. Gadolinium cardiovascular magnetic resonance predicts reversible myocardial dysfunction and remodeling in patients with heart failure undergoing beta-blocker therapy. Circulation 2003;108:1945-53.   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Kwong RY, Chan AK, Brown KA, et al. Impact of unrecognized myocardial scar detected by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging on eventfree survival in patients presenting with signs or symptoms of coronary artery disease. Circulation 2006;113:2733-43.   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Kwong RY, Sattar H, Wu H, et al. Incidence and prognostic implication of unrecognized myocardial scar characterized by cardiac magnetic resonance in diabetic patients without clinical evidence of myocardial infarction. Circulation 2008;118:1011-20.   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Messroghli DR, Walters K, Plein S, et al. Myocardial T1 mapping: application to patients with acute and chronic myocardial infarction. Magn Reson Med 2007;58:34-40.   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Kehr E, Sono M, Chugh SS, Jerosch-Herold M. Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for detection and quantification of fibrosis in human myocardium in vitro. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2008; 24:61-8.
12 Wong TC, Piehler K, Meier CG, et al. Association between extracellular matrix expansion quantified by cardiovascular magnetic resonance and short-term mortality. Circulation 2012;126:1206-16.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Ferreira V, Piechnik SK, Dall'Armellina E, et al. The diagnostic performance of non-contrast T1-mapping in patients with acute myocarditis on cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2012;14(Suppl 1):179.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Piechnik SK, Ferreira VM, Dall'Armellina E, et al. Shortened Modified Look-Locker Inversion recovery (ShMOLLI) for clinical myocardial T1- mapping at 1.5 and 3 T within a 9 heartbeat breathhold. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2010;12:69.   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Messroghli DR, Greiser A, Fröhlich M, Dietz R, Schulz-Menger J. Optimization and validation of a fully-integrated pulse sequence for modified look-locker inversion-recovery (MOLLI) T1 mapping of the heart. J Magn Reson Imaging 2007;26:1081-6.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Karamitsos TD, Francis JM, Myerson S, Selvanayagam JB, Neubauer S. The role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;54:1407-24.   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Maceira AM, Joshi J, Prasad SK, et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in cardiac amyloidosis. Circulation 2005;111:186-93.   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Mahrholdt H, Wagner A, Judd RM, Sechtem U, Kim RJ. Delayed enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance assessment of nonischaemic cardiomyopathies. Eur Heart J 2005;26:1461-74.   DOI   ScienceOn
19 McCrohon JA, Moon JC, Prasad SK, et al. Differentiation of heart failure related to dilated cardiomyopathy and coronary artery disease using gadolinium-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Circulation 2003;108:54-9.   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Gai N, Turkbey EB, Nazarian S, et al. T1 mapping of the gadolinium-enhanced myocardium: adjustment for factors affecting interpatient comparison. Magn Reson Med 2011;65:1407-15.   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Broberg CS, Chugh SS, Conklin C, Sahn DJ, Jerosch-Herold M. Quantification of diffuse myocardial fibrosis and its association with myocardial dysfunction in congenital heart disease. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2010;3:727-34.   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Messroghli DR, Nordmeyer S, Dietrich T, et al. Assessment of diffuse myocardial fibrosis in rats using small-animal Look-Locker inversion recovery T1 mapping. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2011;4:636-40.   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Arheden H, Saeed M, Higgins CB, et al. Measurement of the distribution volume of gadopentetate dimeglumine at echo-planar MR imaging to quantify myocardial infarction: comparison with 99mTc-DTPA autoradiography in rats. Radiology 1999;211:698-708.   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Willinek WA, Gieseke J, Kukuk GM, et al. Dual-source parallel radiofrequency excitation body MR imaging compared with standard MR imaging at 3.0 T: initial clinical experience. Radiology 2010;256:966-75.   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Judd RM, Levy BI. Effects of barium-induced cardiac contraction on large- and small-vessel intramyocardial blood volume. Circ Res 1991; 68:217-25.   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Wansapura J, Gottliebson W, Crotty E, Fleck R. Cyclic variation of T1 in the myocardium at 3 T. Magn Reson Imaging 2006;24:889-93.   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Abdel-Aty H, Zagrosek A, Schulz-Menger J, et al. Delayed enhancement and T2-weighted cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging differentiate acute from chronic myocardial infarction. Circulation 2004; 109:2411-6.   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Callot V, Galanaud D, Figarella-Branger D, et al. Correlations between MR and endothelial hyperplasia in low-grade gliomas. J Magn Reson Imaging 2007;26:52-60.   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Bottomley PA, Foster TH, Argersinger RE, Pfeifer LM. A review of normal tissue hydrogen NMR relaxation times and relaxation mechanisms from 1-100 MHz: dependence on tissue type, NMR frequency, temperature, species, excision, and age. Med Phys 1984;11:425-48.   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Cummings KW, Bhalla S, Javidan-Nejad C, Bierhals AJ, Gutierrez FR, Woodard PK. A pattern-based approach to assessment of delayed enhancement in nonischemic cardiomyopathy at MR imaging. Radiographics 2009;29:89-103.   DOI   ScienceOn
31 Friedrich MG. Myocardial edema--a new clinical entity? Nat Rev Cardiol 2010;7:292-6.   DOI
32 Arai AE. Magnetic resonance imaging for area at risk, myocardial infarction, and myocardial salvage. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2011; 16:313-20.   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Foltz WD, Yang Y, Graham JJ, Detsky JS, Wright GA, Dick AJ. MRI relaxation fluctuations in acute reperfused hemorrhagic infarction. Magn Reson Med 2006;56:1311-9.   DOI   ScienceOn
34 Croisille P, Revel D, Saeed M. Contrast agents and cardiac MR imaging of myocardial ischemia: from bench to bedside. Eur Radiol 2006;16: 1951-63.   DOI
35 Judd RM, Atalay MK, Rottman GA, Zerhouni EA. Effects of myocardial water exchange on T1 enhancement during bolus administration of MR contrast agents. Magn Reson Med 1995;33:215-23.   DOI
36 Mewton N, Liu CY, Croisille P, Bluemke D, Lima JA. Assessment of myocardial fibrosis with cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;57:891-903.   DOI   ScienceOn
37 Ugander M, Oki AJ, Hsu LY, et al. Extracellular volume imaging by magnetic resonance imaging provides insights into overt and sub-clinical myocardial pathology. Eur Heart J 2012;33:1268-78.   DOI   ScienceOn
38 Lee JJ, Liu S, Nacif MS, et al. Myocardial T1 and extracellular volume fraction mapping at 3 tesla. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2011;13:75.   DOI   ScienceOn
39 Kawel N, Nacif M, Zavodni A, et al. T1 mapping of the myocardium: intra- individual assessment of the effect of field strength, cardiac cycle and variation by myocardial region. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2012; 14:27.   DOI
40 Zhang Y, Yeung HN, O'Donnell M, Carson PL. Determination of sample time for T1 measurement. J Magn Reson Imaging 1998;8:675-81.   DOI   ScienceOn
41 Messroghli DR, Radjenovic A, Kozerke S, Higgins DM, Sivananthan MU, Ridgway JP. Modified Look-Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) for highresolution T1 mapping of the heart. Magn Reson Med 2004;52:141-6.   DOI   ScienceOn
42 Scheffler K, Hennig J. T(1) quantification with inversion recovery True- FISP. Magn Reson Med 2001;45:720-3.   DOI   ScienceOn
43 Messroghli DR, Plein S, Higgins DM, et al. Human myocardium: singlebreath- hold MR T1 mapping with high spatial resolution--reproducibility study. Radiology 2006;238:1004-12.   DOI   ScienceOn