Hemorrhagic Transformation of Ischemic Stroke: Severe Complications of Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis
![]() |
Kim, Jin-Sun
(Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine)
Yang, Woo-In (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine) Shim, Chi-Young (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine) Ha, Jong-Won (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine) Chung, Nam-Sik (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine) Chang, Hyuk-Jae (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine) |
1 | Baddour LM, Wilson WR, Bayer AS, et al. Infective endocarditis diag-nosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications. Circulation 2005;111:e394-434. DOI ScienceOn |
2 | Nishimura RA, Carabello BA, Faxon DP, et al. ACC/AHA 2008 gu-ideline update on valvular heart disease: focused update on infective endocarditis. Circulation 2008;118:887-96. DOI ScienceOn |
3 | Salem DN, Daudelin DH, Levine HJ, Pauker SG, Eckman MH, Riff J. Antithrombotic therapy in valvular heart disease. Chest 2001;119: 207S-19S. DOI |
4 | Tornos P, Almirante B, Mirabet S, Permanyer G, Pahissa A, Soler-Soler J. Infective endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus: deleterious effect of anticoagulant therapy. Arch Intern Med 1999;159:473-5. DOI ScienceOn |
5 | Okada Y, Yamaguchi T, Minematsu K, et al. Hemorrhagic transforma-tion in cerebral embolism. Stroke 1989;20:598-603. DOI ScienceOn |
6 | Adams HP Jr, del Zoppo G, Alberts MJ, et al. Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic stroke. Stroke 2007;38:1655-711. DOI ScienceOn |
7 | Hallevi H, Albright KC, Martin-Schild S, et al. Anticoagulation after cardioembolic stroke, to bridge or not to bridge? Arch Neurol 2008;65:1169-73. DOI ScienceOn |
8 | Aviv RI, d'Esterre CD, Murphy BD, et al. Hemorrhagic transformation of ischemic stroke: prediction with CT perfusion. Radiology 2009;250:867-77. DOI ScienceOn |
9 | Davenport J, Hart RG. Prosthetic valve endocarditis 1976-1987: antibiotics, anticoagulation, and stroke. Stroke 1990;21:993-9. DOI ScienceOn |
10 | Piechowski-Jozwiak B, Bogousslavsky J. Infectious endocarditis and stroke: any lessons learned since William Osler's Gulstonian lectures? Neurology 2003;61:1324-5. DOI ScienceOn |
11 | Fiorelli M, Bastianello S, von Kummer R, et al. Hemorrhagic transformation within 36 hours of a cerebral infarct: relationships with early clinical deterioration and 3-month outcome in the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study I (ECASS I) Cohort. Stroke 1999;30:2280-4. DOI ScienceOn |
12 | Ruttmann E, Willeit J, Ulmer H, et al. Neurological outcome of septic cardioembolic stroke after infective endocarditis. Stroke 2006;37:2094-9. DOI ScienceOn |
13 | Derex R, Bonnefoy E, Delahaye F. Impact of stroke on therapeutic de-cision making in infective endocarditis. J Neurol 2010;257:315-21. DOI ScienceOn |
14 | Paciaroni M, Agnelli G, Micheli S, Caso V. Efficacy and safety of anticoagulant treatment in acute cardioembolic stroke: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Stroke 2007;38:423-30. DOI ScienceOn |
15 | Ryu WS, Kim CH, Kim JH, et al. Prosthetic valve endocarditis. Korean Circ J 1984;14:29-36. DOI |
16 | Kim JS, Kim YJ, Moon KS, et al. Clinical observation of infective endocarditis. Korean Circ J 2000;30:166-73. |
![]() |