Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.22937/IJCSNS.2022.22.11.51

The Impact of Linguistic Misinformation on Shaping Saudi Awareness: An Empirical Study of Saudi Perception of Social Media News  

Khafaga, Ayman (College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University)
Publication Information
International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security / v.22, no.11, 2022 , pp. 348-356 More about this Journal
Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to probe the extent to which misinformation propagated through the different social media platforms contribute effectively in the process of directing, shaping and reshaping societal awareness of Saudis. In so doing, this paper attempts to delve into the relationship between linguistic misinformation and societal awareness, by exploring the perception of Saudis towards social media news, particularly misinformation and the extent to which this misinformation influences the social attitudes of Saudis in terms of various societal issues. Two main research questions are addressed in this study. First, to what extent does social media misinformation affect Saudis' awareness? Second, what are the linguistic manifestations of misinformation presented in the different social platforms? Two main findings have been recorded in this study: first, misinformation significantly contributes to the societal awareness of Saudis; and, second, however misinformation is linguistically manifested at the different levels of linguistic analysis, it is highly representative at the lexicalization level of language use.
Keywords
ICT; social media; linguistic misinformation; Saudi awareness; fake news;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 3  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Arias, E. How does media influence social norms? Experimental evidence on the role of common knowledge. Political Science Research and Methods, vol. 7, no.3, pp. 561-578, (2019).   DOI
2 Zollmann, F. Bringing propaganda back into news media studies. Critical Sociology, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 329-345, (2019).   DOI
3 Vamanu, I. Fake news and propaganda: A critical discourse research perspective. Open Information Science, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 197-208, (2019).   DOI
4 Guo, L., and Vargo, C. "Fake news" and emerging online media ecosystem. Communication Research, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 178-200, (2020).   DOI
5 Shane, S. The fake Americans Russia created to influence the election. from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/07/us/politics/russia-facebooktwitter-election.html, (2017)
6 McGrath, G. Measuring the Concept of Credibility. Journalism Quarterly, 63, (3), pp. 12- 24, (1986).   DOI
7 Maheshwari, S. 20th century fox gives real apology for a fake news campaign. The New York Times. Business Day, (2017).
8 Weeks, B. de. Gil, and Zuniga, H. "What's next? Six observations for the future of political misinformation research," American Behavioral Scientist, vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 277-289, (2021).   DOI
9 de la Garza, A. How social media is shaping our fears of and responses to the Coronavirus. Times, available at: https://time.come/5802802/social-media-coronavirus/ (Accessed: 22 September, 2022), (2020).
10 Fairclough, N. Media discourse. Edward Arnold, London, (1995).
11 Koidl, K., and T. Matthews, Measuring impact of rumors messages in social media. NOBIDS, pp. 1-16, (2017).
12 Lukasik, M., Cohn, T., and Bontcheva, K. Classifying tweet level judgments of rumors in social media. Hospital, vol. 796, no. 487, p. 132, (2015).
13 Azzimonti, M., and Fernandes, M. Social media networks, fake news, and polarization. National Bureau of Economic Research, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 35-61, (2018).
14 Ha, L., Perez, A., and Ray, R. Mapping recent development in scholarship on fake news and misinformation, 2008 to 2017: Disciplinary contribution, topics, and impact. American Behavioral Scientist, vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 290-315, (2021).   DOI
15 Rice, R. E., Gustafson, A., and Hoffman, Z. Frequent but Accurate: A Closer Look at Uncertainty and Opinion Divergence in Climate Change Print News. Environmental Communication (12:3), pp. 301-321, (2018).   DOI
16 Shearer, E., and Mitchell, A. News use across social media platforms in 2020. London: Sage, (2021).
17 Bandura, A. Social cognitive theory of mass communication. Media Psychology, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 265- 299, (2001).   DOI
18 Barkho, L. Editorial policies and news discourse-how Al Jazeera's implicit guidelines shape its coverage of Middle East conflicts. Journalism, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 1357-1374, (2021).   DOI
19 Oh, O., Agrawal, M., and Rao, H. R. Community intelligence and social media services: A rumor theoretic analysis of tweets during social crises. Mis. Quarterly, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 407-426, (2013).   DOI
20 Roberts, D. Yelp's Fake Review Problem. Fortune magazine, (2013).
21 Koidl, K., and Matthews, T. Measuring Impact of Rumors Messages in Social Media. NOBIDS, 1-16, (2017).
22 Lee, S., and Xenos, M. Social distraction? Social media use and political knowledge in two US presidential elections. Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 90, pp. 18-25, (2019).   DOI
23 Toendan, W. Research methods. Palangka Raya: University of Palangka Raya, (2013).
24 Fowler, R., Hodge, B., Kress, G., and Trew, T. Language and control. Routledge, (2018).
25 Sornig, K., Some remarks on linguistic strategies of persuasion, in Wodak, R. (Ed.), Language, power and ideology: Studies in political discourse. John Benjamins Publishing Company, pp. 95-113, (1989).
26 Jones, M. O. The gulf information war propaganda, fake news, and fake trends: The weaponization of twitter bots in the gulf crisis. International journal of communication, vol. 13, pp. 27, (2019).
27 Lee, S. Connecting social media use with gaps in knowledge and participation in a protest context: The case of candle light vigil in South Korea. Asian Journal of Communication, vol. 29, pp. 111-127, (2019).   DOI
28 Lopes, A. R. The impact of social media on social movements: The new opportunity and mobilizing structure," Journal of Political Science Research, vol. 4, pp. 1-23, (2014).
29 Rogers, R., and Niederer, S. The politics of social media manipulation. in R. Rogers and S. Niederer (Eds.), The politics of Social Media Manipulation. Amestrdam University Press, 2020, 19-70, (2020).
30 Allcott, H., and Gentzkow, M. "Social media and fake news in the 2016 election," Journal of economic perspectives, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 211-36, (2017).   DOI
31 Khafaga, A., Strategies of political persuasion in literary genres: A computational approach to critical discourse analysis. Germany: LAMBERT Publication, (2017).
32 Khafaga, A., Linguistic manipulation of political myth in Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale. International Journal of English Linguistics, 7(3), 189-200, (2017).   DOI
33 van Dijk, T. A., Ideology and discourse analysis. Journal of Political Ideologies, 11(2), pp. 115-140, (2006).   DOI
34 Khafaga, A., Linguistic representation of power in Edward Bond's Lear: A lexico-pragmatic approach to critical discourse analysis. International Journal of English Linguistics, 9(6), 404-420, (2019).   DOI
35 Goyanes, M., Borah, P., and Gil de Zuniga, H. Social media filtering and democ- racy: Effects of social media news use and uncivil political discussions on social media unfriending," Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 120, pp. 106759, (2021).   DOI
36 Mendoza, M., Poblete, B., and Castillo, C. Twitter under crisis: can we trust what we write? Proceedings of the first workshop on social media analytics. ACM, pp. 71-79, (2010).
37 Dwoskin, E., and Timberg, C. How Merchants Use Facebook to Flood Amazon with Fake Reviews. The Washington Post, (2018).
38 Repoll, S. Social dimension of the COVID-19 outbreak in China and beyond. Institute of Development Studies, available at: https://www.ids.ac.uk/news/ids-researchers-attend-world-healthorganization/.(Accessed:20 September, 2022), (2020).
39 Dwoskin, E., and Shaban, H. Facebook Will Now Ask Users to Rank News Organizations They Trust. The Washington Post, (2018).
40 Minas, R. K., Potter, R. F., Dennis, A. R., Bartelt, V. L., and Bae, S. Putting on the Thinking Cap: Using Neurois to Understand Information Processing Biases in Virtual Teams," Journal of Management Information Systems (30:4), pp. 49-82, (2014).   DOI
41 Balakrishnan, V., and Lay, G. Student's learning style and their effects on the use of social media technology for learning. Telematics and Informatics, 33, 808-821, (2016).   DOI
42 Fowler, R. Language in the news: Discourse and ideology in the press. Routledge, New York, (1991).
43 Khafaga, A. F. A computational approach to explore the extremist ideologies of Daesh discourse". International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 193-199, (2020).
44 Wilson, T. D., and Walsh, C. Information behavior: An interdisciplinary perspective. Sheffield: University of Sheffield Department of Information Studies." Available at: http://informationr.net/tdw/publ/infbehav/cont.html (Accessed: 19 October, 2022), (1996).
45 Kirby, E. J. The city getting rich from fake news. BBC News, (2016).
46 Thorne, S. L. The intercultural turn and language learning in the crucible of new media. In F. Helm & S. Guth (eds.), Telecollaboration 2.0 for Language and Intercultural Learning (pp. 139-164). Bern: Peter Lang, (2010).