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http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/acc.2021.11.6.531

Effect of mixing Nano-silica and Perlite with pervious concrete for nitrate removal from the contaminated water  

Hosseini, Seyed Azim (Department of Civil Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University)
Toghroli, Ali (Department of Civil Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University)
Publication Information
Advances in concrete construction / v.11, no.6, 2021 , pp. 531-544 More about this Journal
Abstract
Nitrogen and phosphorus contained in storm water runoff contaminate both surface and ground waters, causing problems for natural aquatic systems and human health. Pervious concrete particularly developed for pollutant removal might be a novel notion to remove nitrate from runoff. In this research, three aggregates were used in pervious concrete as Nano silica, perlite (Pe) and zeolite (Z) which are able to adsorb pollutants. The water absorption, compressive strength, porosity, permeability of aggregate and nitrate removal of concrete samples were evaluated in tests. While adding Nano silica, perlite and zeolite, experiments have shown that addition of fine grains enhances runoff efficiency and compressive strength, but reduces permeability and porosity. Both adsorbents improved the runoff quality while increasing the additives' ratio. The mechanical properties were density of 879 (Kg/m3), permeability of 1.06 (cm/s), the void rate of 19.7(%), compressive strength of 3.6 (MPa), and nitrate removal of about 75%. While adding perlite with the highest (40%) water absorption, the results showed no reactivity of aggregates in terms of alkali-silica reaction. Considering the Permeability tests, perlite has the minimum (1.4 cm/s) permeability, and then adding perlite to previous concrete brought the nitrate absorption capacity about 70 ml/g (60%). The best results belonged to samples containing zeolite treatments (with 15% adsorbent and 0, 10, 20% fine-grains) with a maximum pollution decline and improved Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (87.1, 82.6 and 89.3%), Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (88.1, 87.3 and 90.7%) and Total suspended solids (TSS) (75.8, 79.1 and 84.6%). Thus, zeolite has shown effective mechanical characteristics and runoff quality, while perlite and Nano silica has shown a poor and moderate performance among the adsorbents in all tests, respectively.
Keywords
pervious concrete; nitrate removal; mix design; nano-silica; perlite with pervious concrete for nitrate removal from the contaminated water;
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82 Shariati, M., Tahmasbi, F., Mehrabi, P., Bahadori, A. and Toghroli, A. (2020), "Monotonic behavior of C and L shaped angle shear connectors within steel-concrete composite beams: an experimental investigation", Steel Compos. Struct., 35(2), 237-247. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.35.2.237.   DOI
83 Shariati, M., Naghipour, M., Yousofizinsaz, G., Toghroli, A. and Tabarestani, N.P. (2020), "Numerical study on the axial compressive behavior of built-up CFT columns considering different welding lines", Steel Compos. Struct., 34(3), 377-391. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.34.3.377.   DOI
84 Shariati, M., Rafie, S., Zandi, Y., Fooladvand, R., Gharehaghaj, B., Mehrabi, P., ... & Poi-Ngian, S. (2019), "Experimental investigation on the effect of cementitious materials on fresh and mechanical properties of self-consolidating concrete", Adv. Concrete Constr., 8(3), 225-237. http://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2019.8.3.225.   DOI
85 Shariati, M., Shariati, A., Trung, N.T., Shoaei, P., Ameri, F., Bahrami, N. and Zamanabadi, S.N. (2021), "Alkali-activated slag (AAS) paste: Correlation between durability and microstructural characteristics", Constr. Build. Mater., 267, 120886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120886.   DOI
86 Sinaei, H., Shariati, M., Abna, A.H., Aghaei, M. and Shariati, A. (2012), "Evaluation of reinforced concrete beam behaviour using finite element analysis by ABAQUS", Scientif. Res. Essay., 7(21), 2002-2009. https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE11.1393.   DOI
87 Sonebi, M. and Bassuoni, M.T. (2013), "Investigating the effect of mixture design parameters on pervious concrete by statistical modelling", Constr. Build. Mater., 38, 147-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.07.044.   DOI
88 Naghipour, M., Yousofizinsaz, G. and Shariati, M. (2020), "Experimental study on axial compressive behavior of welded built-up CFT stub columns made by cold-formed sections with different welding lines", Steel Compos. Struct., 34(3), 347. http://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.34.3.347.   DOI
89 Shariati, M., Sulong, N.R. and Khanouki, M.A. (2012), "Experimental assessment of channel shear connectors under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading in high strength concrete", Mater. Des., 34, 325-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.08.008.   DOI
90 Shu, X., Huang, B., Wu, H., Dong, Q. and Burdette, E.G. (2011), "Performance comparison of laboratory and field produced pervious concrete mixtures", Constr. Build. Mater., 25(8), 3187-3192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.03.002.   DOI
91 Qi, C., Chen, Q. and Kim, S.S. (2020), "Integrated and intelligent design framework for cemented paste backfill: A combination of robust machine learning modelling and multi-objective optimization", Min. Eng., 155, 106422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2020.106422.   DOI
92 Nasrollahi, S., Maleki, S., Shariati, M., Marto, A. and Khorami, M. (2018), "Investigation of pipe shear connectors using push out test", Steel Compos. Struct., 27(5), 537-543. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.27.5.537.   DOI
93 Paknahad, M., Shariati, M., Sedghi, Y., Bazzaz, M. and Khorami, M. (2018), "Shear capacity equation for channel shear connectors in steel-concrete composite beams", Steel Compos. Struct, 28(4), 483-494. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.28.4.483.   DOI
94 Pitcher, S.K., Slade, R.C.T. and Ward, N.I. (2004), "Heavy metal removal from motorway stormwater using zeolites", Sci. Total Environ., 334, 161-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.04.035.   DOI
95 Abedini, M. and Zhang, C. (2021), "Dynamic vulnerability assessment and damage prediction of RC columns subjected to severe impulsive loading", Struct. Eng. Mech., 77(4), 441-461. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2021.77.4.441.   DOI
96 Radfard, M., Yunesian, M., Nabizadeh, R., Biglari, H., Nazmara, S., Hadi, M., ... & Mahvi, A.H. (2018), "Drinking water quality and arsenic health risk assessment in Sistan and Baluchestan, Southeastern Province, Iran", Human Ecolog. Risk Asses., 25(4), 949-965. https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2018.1458210.   DOI
97 Razavian, L., Naghipour, M., Shariati, M. and Safa, M. (2020), "Experimental study of the behavior of composite timber columns confined with hollow rectangular steel sections under compression", Struct. Eng. Mech., 74(1), 145-156. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2020.74.1.145.   DOI
98 Qi, C. and Fourie, A. (2019), "Cemented paste backfill for mineral tailings management: Review and future perspectives", Min. Eng., 144, 106025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2019.106025.   DOI
99 Mohammadhassani, M., Akib, S., Shariati, M., Suhatril, M. and Khanouki, M.A. (2014), "An experimental study on the failure modes of high strength concrete beams with particular references to variation of the tensile reinforcement ratio", Eng. Fail. Anal., 41, 73-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2013.08.014.   DOI
100 Mohammadhassani, M., Nezamabadi-Pour, H., Suhatril, M. and Shariati, M. (2013), "Identification of a suitable ANN architecture in predicting strain in tie section of concrete deep beams", Struct. Eng. Mech., 46(6), 853-868. http://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2013.46.6.853.   DOI
101 Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Sinaei, H., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Shafigh, P. (2011), "Behavior of channel shear connectors in normal and light weight aggregate concrete (experimental and analytical study)", Adv. Mater. Res., 168, 2303-2307. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.168-170.2303.   DOI
102 Zhang, W., Tang, Z., Yang, Y., Wei, J. and Stanislav, P. (2021), "Mixed-Mode Debonding Behavior between CFRP Plates and Concrete under Fatigue Loading", J. Struct. Eng., 147(5), 04021055. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0003032.   DOI
103 Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H. and Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. (2010), "Experimental and analytical study on channel shear connectors in light weight aggregate concrete", Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Steel Compos. Struct., 21-23.
104 Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Shariati, A. (2011), "Experimental and numerical investigations of channel shear connectors in high strength concrete", Proceedings of the 2011 World Congress on Advances in Struct. Eng. Mech. (ASEM'11+).
105 Zhang, C. and Ou, J. (2008), "Control structure interaction of electromagnetic mass damper system for structural vibration control", J. Eng. Mech., 134(5), 428-437. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2008)134:5(428).   DOI
106 Zhu, J., Yang, K., Chen, Y., Fan, G., Zhang, L., Guo, B., ... & Zhao, R. (2021), "Revealing the substitution preference of zinc in ordinary Portland cement clinker phases: A study from experiments and DFT calculations", J. Hazard. Mater., 409, 124504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124504.   DOI
107 Afshar, A., Jahandari, S., Rasekh, H., Shariati, M., Afshar, A. and Shokrgozar, A. (2020), "Corrosion resistance evaluation of rebars with various primers and coatings in concrete modified with different additives", Constr. Build. Mater., 262, 120034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120034.   DOI
108 Radfard, M., Yunesian, M., Nabizadeh, R., Biglari, H., Nazmara, S., Hadi, M., ... & Mahvi, A.H. (2018), "Drinking water quality and arsenic health risk assessment in Sistan and Baluchestan, Southeastern Province, Iran", Human Ecolog. Risk Asses., 25(4), 949-965. https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2018.1458210.   DOI
109 Abedini, M. and Zhang, C. (2021), "Dynamic performance of concrete columns retrofitted with FRP using segment pressure technique", Compos. Struct., 260, 113473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.113473.   DOI
110 Aggregate, Concrete (2004), State of the Practice National Review, Washington, DC.
111 Safa, M., Sari, P.A., Shariati, M., Suhatril, M., Trung, N.T., Wakil, K. and Khorami, M. (2020), "Development of neuro-fuzzy and neuro-bee predictive models for prediction of the safety factor of eco-protection slopes", Physica A: Stat. Mech. Its Appl., 550, 124046.. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.30.5.417.   DOI
112 Shariati, A., Shariati, M., Sulong, N.R., Suhatril, M., Khanouki, M.A. and Mahoutian, M. (2014), "Experimental assessment of angle shear connectors under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading in high strength concrete", Constr. Build. Mater., 52, 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.11.036.   DOI
113 Shariati, M., Sulong, N.R., Suhatril, M., Shariati, A., Khanouki, M.A. and Sinaei, H. (2012), "Behaviour of C-shaped angle shear connectors under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading: An experimental study", Mater. Des., 41, 67-73.. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.04.039.   DOI
114 Zheng, J., Zhang, C. and Li, A. (2020), "Experimental investigation on the mechanical properties of curved metallic plate dampers", Appl. Sci., 10(1), 269. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10010269.   DOI
115 Zhang, H., Sun, M., Song, L., Guo, J. and Zhang, L. (2019), "Fate of NaClO and membrane foulants during in-situ cleaning of membrane bioreactors: Combined effect on thermodynamic properties of sludge", Biochem. Eng. J., 147, 146-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2019.04.016.   DOI
116 Zhang, S., Zhang, J., Ma, Y. and Pak, R.Y. (2021), "Vertical dynamic interactions of poroelastic soils and embedded piles considering the effects of pile-soil radial deformations", Soil. Found., 61(1), 16-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2020.10.003.   DOI
117 Yang, Y., Tao, L., Yang, H., Iglauer, S., Wang, X., Askari, R., ... & Sun, H. (2020), "Stress sensitivity of fractured and vuggy carbonate: an X-Ray computed tomography analysis", J. Geophys. Res.: Solid Earth, 125(3), e2019JB018759. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JB018759.   DOI
118 Zhu, L., Zhang, C., Guan, X., Uy, B., Sun, L. and Wang, B. (2018), "The multi-axial strength performance of composited structural BCW members subjected to shear forces", Steel Compos. Struct., 27(1), 75-87. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.27.1.075.   DOI
119 Shariati, M. (2013), "Behaviour of C-shaped shear connectors in stell concrete composite beams", Jabatan Kejuruteraan Awam, Fakulti Kejuruteraan, Universiti Malaya.
120 Zhao, R., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Chen, Y., Huang, G., Zhang, H., ... & Guan, X. (2021), "Probing the exact form and doping preference of magnesium in ordinary Portland cement clinker phases: A study from experiments and DFT simulations", Cement Concrete Res., 144, 106420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2021.106420.   DOI
121 Ziaei-Nia, A., Shariati, M. and Salehabadi, E. (2018), "Dynamic mix design optimization of high-performance concrete", Steel Compos. Struct., 29(1), 67-75 https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.29.1.067..   DOI
122 Ke, P.C., Liu, Z.H. and Li, L. (2018), "Synthesis, characterization, and property test of crystalline polyferric sulfate adsorbent used in treatment of contaminated water with a high As (III) content", Int. J. Miner. Metal. Mater., 25(10), 1217-1225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-018-1674-8.   DOI
123 Sinaei, H., Jumaat, M.Z. and Shariati, M. (2011), "Numerical investigation on exterior reinforced concrete Beam-Column joint strengthened by composite fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)", Int. J. Phys. Sci., 6(28), 6572-6579. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS11.1225.   DOI
124 Tahmasbi, F., Maleki, S., Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H. and Tahir, M.M. (2016), "Shear capacity of C-shaped and L-shaped angle shear connectors", PLoS one, 11(8), e0156989. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156989.   DOI
125 Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M., Ramli Sulong, N.H. and Shariati, M. (2011), "Behavior of through beam connections composed of CFSST columns and steel beams by finite element studying", Adv. Mater. Res., 168, 2329-2333. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.168-170.2329.   DOI
126 Alam, Z., Zhang, C. and Samali, B. (2020), "Influence of seismic incident angle on response uncertainty and structural performance of tall asymmetric structure", Struct. Des. Tall Spec. Build., 29(12), e1750. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.1750.   DOI
127 Alam, Z., Zhang, C. and Samali, B. (2020), "The role of viscoelastic damping on retrofitting seismic performance of asymmetric reinforced concrete structures", Earthq. Eng. Eng. Vib., 19(1), 223-237.   DOI
128 Ali, T., Meldi, S., Zainah, I., Maryam, S., Mahdi, S. and Shahaboddin, S. (2018), "RETRACTED ARTICLE: Potential of soft computing approach for evaluating the factors affecting the capacity of steel-concrete composite beam", J. Intel. Manuf., 29(8), 1793-1801. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-016-1217-y.   DOI
129 Bai, Y., Wang, S., Mou, B., Wang, Y. and Skalomenos, K. A. (2021), "Bi-directional seismic behavior of steel beam-column connections with outer annular stiffener", Eng. Struct., 227, 111443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111443.   DOI
130 Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N., Suhatril, M., Shariati, A., Arabnejad Khanouki, M. and Sinaei, H. (2012), "Fatigue energy dissipation and failure analysis of channel shear connector embedded in the lightweight aggregate concrete in composite bridge girders", Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Eng. Fail. Anal., ICEFA, 1-4.
131 Shariati, M., Trung, N.T., Wakil, K., Mehrabi, P., Safa, M. and Majid. K.. (2019), "Moment-rotation estimation of steel rack connection using extreme learning machine", Steel Compos. Struct., 31(5), 427-435. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.31.5.427.   DOI
132 Shariati, M., Tahir, M.M., Wee, T.C., Shah, S.N.R., Jalali, A. and Khorami, M. (2018), "Experimental investigations on monotonic and cyclic behavior of steel pallet rack connections", Eng. Fail. Anal., 85, 149-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2017.08.014.   DOI
133 Zhang, C. and Ou, J. (2015), "Modeling and dynamical performance of the electromagnetic mass driver system for structural vibration control", Eng. Struct., 82, 93-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.10.029.   DOI
134 Kevern, J.T., Wang, K. and Schaefer, V.R. (2010), "Effect of coarse aggregate on the freeze-thaw durability of pervious concrete", J. Mater. Civil Eng., 22(5), 469-475. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000049.   DOI
135 Zhang, C. and Wang, H. (2019), "Robustness of the active rotary inertia driver system for structural swing vibration control subjected to multi-type hazard excitations", Appl. Sci., 9(20), 4391. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9204391.   DOI
136 Zhang, C. and Wang, H. (2019), "Swing vibration control of suspended structure using active rotary inertia driver system: Parametric analysis and experimental verification", Appl. Sci., 9(15), 3144. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9153144.   DOI
137 Zhang, H., Guan, W., Zhang, L., Guan, X. and Wang, S. (2020), "Degradation of an Organic Dye by Bisulfite Catalytically Activated with Iron Manganese Oxides: The Role of Superoxide Radicals", ACS Omega, 5(29), 18007-18012. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c01257.   DOI
138 Ju, Y., Shen, T. and Wang, D. (2020), "Bonding behavior between reactive powder concrete and normal strength concrete", Constr. Build. Mater., 242, 118024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118024.   DOI
139 Kaplan, G., Gulcan, A., Cagdas, B. and Bayraktar, O.Y. (2021), "The impact of recycled coarse aggregates obtained from waste concretes on lightweight pervious concrete properties", Envir. Sci. Pollut. Res., 28(14), 17369-17394. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11881-y.   DOI
140 Luo, Z., Sinaei, H., Ibrahim, Z., Shariati, M., Jumaat, Z., Wakil, K., ... & Khorami, M. (2019), "Computational and experimental analysis of beam to column joints reinforced with CFRP plates", Steel Compos. Struct., 30(3), 271-280. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.30.3.271.   DOI
141 Davoodnabi, S.M., Mirhosseini, S.M. and Shariati, M. (2019), "Behavior of steel-concrete composite beam using angle shear connectors at fire condition", Steel Compos. Struct., 30(2), 141-147. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.30.2.141.   DOI
142 Sun, M., Yan, L., Zhang, L., Song, L., Guo, J. and Zhang, H. (2019), "New insights into the rapid formation of initial membrane fouling after in-situ cleaning in a membrane bioreactor", Proc. Biochem., 78, 108-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2019.01.004.   DOI
143 Alam, Z., Sun, L., Zhang, C., Su, Z. and Samali, B. (2021), "Experimental and numerical investigation on the complex behaviour of the localised seismic response in a multi-storey plan-asymmetric structure", Struct. Infrastr. Eng., 17(1), 86-102. https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2020.1730914   DOI
144 Jalali, A., Daie, M., Nazhadan, S.V.M., Kazemi-Arbat, P. and Shariati, M. (2012), "Seismic performance of structures with pre-bent strips as a damper", Int. J. Phys. Sci., 7(26), 4061-4072. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS11.1324.   DOI
145 Shariati, M., Sulong, N.R., Shariati, A. and Khanouki, M.A. (2016), "Behavior of V-shaped angle shear connectors: experimental and parametric study", Mater. Struct., 49(9), 3909-3926. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-015-0762-8.   DOI
146 Sun, L., Li, C., Zhang, C., Su, Z. and Chen, C. (2018), "Early monitoring of rebar corrosion evolution based on FBG sensor", Int. J. Struct. Stab. Dyn., 18(08), 1840001. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219455418400011.   DOI
147 Sun, L., Yang, Z., Jin, Q. and Yan, W. (2020), "Effect of Axial Compression Ratio on Seismic Behavior of GFRP Reinforced Concrete Columns", Int. J. Struct. Stab. Dyn., 20(06), 2040004. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219455420400040.   DOI
148 Tan, K., Qin, Y., Du, T., Li, L., Zhang, L. and Wang, J. (2021), "Biochar from waste biomass as hygroscopic filler for pervious concrete to improve evaporative cooling performance", Constr. Build. Mater., 287, 123078. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123078.   DOI
149 Toghroli, A., Shariati, M., Karim, M.R. and Ibrahim, Z. (2017), "Investigation on composite polymer and silica fume-rubber aggregate pervious concrete", Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Advances in Civil, Structural and Mechanical Engineering-CSM. https://doi.org/10.15224/978-1-63248-132-0-56.   DOI
150 Trung, N.T., Shahgoli, A.F., Zandi, Y., Shariati, M., Wakil, K., Safa, M. and Khorami, M. (2019), "Moment-rotation prediction of precast beam-to-column connections using extreme learning machine", Struct. Eng. Mech., 70(5), 639-647. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2019.70.5.639.   DOI
151 Xu, J., Li, Y., Ren, C., Wang, S., Vanapalli, S.K. and Chen, G. (2021), "Influence of freeze-thaw cycles on microstructure and hydraulic conductivity of saline intact loess", Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 181, 103183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2020.103183.   DOI