Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/acc.2021.11.6.507

The compressive strength of concrete retrofitted with wind ash and steel slag pozzolans with a water-cement based polymers  

Cai, Ting (School of Information Engineering, Xizang Minzu University)
Zandi, Yousef (Department of Civil Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University)
Agdas, Alireza Sadighi (Ghateh Gostar Novin Company)
Selmi, Abdellatif (Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University)
Issakhov, Alibek (Al-Farabi Kazakh National University)
Roco-Videla, Angel (Programa Magister en Ciencias Quimico-Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins)
Publication Information
Advances in concrete construction / v.11, no.6, 2021 , pp. 507-519 More about this Journal
Abstract
Freeze and thaw phenomena in cold regions are the main cause of severe damage to concrete structures. Alkali-activated slag repair mortars, which are introduced as a suitable material for the replacement of Portland cement, can be used as the protective coating for these damaged structures. The mechanical properties and durability of this coating layer should be studied. In this study, the mechanical properties and durability of alkali-activated slag repair mortars with silica fume (SF) participation as inorganic additives against freeze-thaw and salt scaling attacks have been investigated. In order to evaluate the effects of alkaline activators type, the ratio of these solutions to Pozzolan (Pozz), and the use of SF as a substitute base material, these three factors were considered as the main variables to produce 12 alkali-activated slag mortar mixtures. To investigate their mechanical properties, compressive strength, tensile adhesion strength, and drying shrinkage tests were conducted. Also, mortar specimen length change, compressive strength loss, weight loss, and dynamic elastic modulus were measured to evaluate the durability features against freeze-thaw and salt scaling attacks. According to the results, in addition to higher compressive strength and adhesion resistance of alkali-activated slag repair mortars, these mortars showed at least 30% better durability against freeze-thaw and salt scaling attacks than cement-based repair mortar. Also, alkali-activated slag mixtures containing potassium hydroxide, alkaline solution (AS) to Pozz ratio of 0.7, and SF had the best mechanical properties and frost resistance among all mixtures.
Keywords
pozzolanic concrete; ash; iron slag; compressive strength; wind ash; steel slag pozzolans; water-cement based polymers;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 4  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Sun, L., Yang, Z., Jin, Q. and Yan, W. (2020), "Effect of axial compression ratio on seismic behavior of GFRP reinforced concrete columns", Int. J. Struct. Stab. Dyn., 20(06), 2040004. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219455420400040.   DOI
2 Thomas, M. (2007), Optimizing the Use of Fly Ash in Concrete, Portland Cement Association Skokie, IL.
3 Tiwari, M.K., Bajpai, S. and Dewangan, U.K. (2016), "Fly ash utilization: A brief review in Indian context", Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol. (IRJET), 3(4), 2395-0056.
4 Toghroli, A., Mohammadhassani, M., Suhatril, M., Shariati, M. and Ibrahim, Z. (2014), "Prediction of shear capacity of channel shear connectors using the ANFIS model", Steel Compos. Struct., 17(5), 623-639.http://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2014.17.5.623   DOI
5 Toghroli, A., Shariati, M., Karim, M. R. and Ibrahim, Z. (2017). "Investigation on composite polymer and silica fume-rubber aggregate pervious concrete", Fifth International Conference on Advances in Civil, Structural and Mechanical Engineering - CSM 2017, Zurich, Switzerland.
6 Trung, N.T., Shahgoli, A.F., Zandi, Y., Shariati, M., Wakil, K., Safa, M. and Khorami, M. (2019a), "Moment-rotation prediction of precast beam-to-column connections using extreme learning machine", Struct. Eng. Mech., 70(5), 639-647. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2019.70.5.639.   DOI
7 Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Haido, J.H., Yousif, S.T., Toghroli, A., Trung, N.T. and Shariati, A. (2020e), "Identification of the most influencing parameters on the properties of corroded concrete beams using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)", Steel Compos. Struct., 34(1), 155. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.34.1.155.   DOI
8 Khorramian, K., Maleki, S., Shariati, M., Jalali, A. and Tahir, M. (2017), "Numerical analysis of tilted angle shear connectors in steel-concrete composite systems", Steel Compos. Struct., 23(1), 67-85. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2017.23.1.067.   DOI
9 Khorramian, K., Maleki, S., Shariati, M. and Ramli Sulong, N.H. (2016), "Behavior of tilted angle shear connectors", PLoS one, 10(12), e0144288. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0144288.   DOI
10 Lei, Z., Hao, S., Yang, J., Zhang, L., Fang, B., Wei, K., Lingbo, Q., Jin, S. and Wei, C. (2021), "Study on denitration and sulfur removal performance of Mn-Ce supported fly ash catalyst", Chemosph., 270, 128646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128646.   DOI
11 Naik, T.R., Singh, S.. and Hossain, M.M. (1994), "Permeability of concrete containing large amounts of fly ash", Cement Concrete Res., 24(5), 913-922. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(94)90011-6.   DOI
12 Li, C., Sun, L., Xu, Z., Wu, X., Liang, T. and Shi, W. (2020), "Experimental investigation and error analysis of high precision FBG displacement sensor for structural health monitoring", Int. J. Struct. Stab. Dyn., 20(6), 2040011. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219455420400118.   DOI
13 Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Mehrabi, P., Bahadori, A., Zandi, Y., Salih, M.N., Nguyen, H., Dou, J., Song, X. and Poi-Ngian, S. (2019d), "Application of a hybrid artificial neural networkparticle swarm optimization (ANN-PSO) model in behavior prediction of channel shear connectors embedded in normal and high-strength concrete", Appl. Sci., 9(24), 5534. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9245534.   DOI
14 Shariati, M. (2008), "Assessment of building using nonedestructive test techniques (ultra Sonic Pulse Velocity and Schmidt Rebound Hammer)", Universiti Putra Malaysia.
15 Shariati, M. (2013), "Behaviour of C-shaped shear connectors in stell concrete composite beams", Jabatan Kejuruteraan Awam, Fakulti Kejuruteraan, Universiti Malaya.
16 Shariati, M., Azar, S.M., Arjomand, M.A., Tehrani, H.S., Daei, M. and Safa, M. (2019a), "Comparison of dynamic behavior of shallow foundations based on pile and geosynthetic materials in fine-grained clayey soils", Geomech. Eng., 19(6), 473. http://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.19.6.473.   DOI
17 Shariati, M., Azar, S.M., Arjomand, M.A., Tehrani, H.S., Daei, M. and Safa, M. (2020a), "Evaluating the impacts of using piles and geosynthetics in reducing the settlement of fine-grained soils under static load", Geomech. Eng., 20(2), 87-101. http://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.20.2.087.   DOI
18 Shariati, M., Grayeli, M., Shariati, A. and Naghipour, M. (2020c), "Performance of composite frame consisting of steel beams and concrete filled tubes under fire loading", Steel Compos. Struct., 36(5), 587-602. http://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.36.5.587.   DOI
19 Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Ghahremani, B., Azarhomayun, F., Ahmadi, M., Trung, N.T. and Shariati, A. (2020d), "A novel hybrid extreme learning machine-grey wolf optimizer (ELMGWO) model to predict compressive strength of concrete with partial replacements for cement", Eng. Comput., 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-020-01081-0.   DOI
20 Shariati, M., Ghorbani, M., Naghipour, M., Alinejad, N. and Toghroli, A. (2020b), "The effect of RBS connection on energy absorption in tall buildings with braced tube frame system", Steel Compos. Struct., 34(3), 393-407. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.34.3.393.   DOI
21 Shah, S., Sulong, N.R., Jumaat, M. and Shariati, M. (2016b), "State-of-the-art review on the design and performance of steel pallet rack connections", Eng. Fail. Anal., 66, 240-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2016.04.017.   DOI
22 Shariati, M., Rafiei, S., Zandi, Y., Fooladvand, R., Gharehaghaj, B., Shariat, A., Trung, N.T., Salih, M.N., Mehrabi, P. and PoiNgian, S. (2019f), "Experimental investigation on the effect of cementitious materials on fresh and mechanical properties of self-consolidating concrete", Adv. Concrete Constr., 8(3), 225-237. http://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2019.8.3.225.   DOI
23 Shariati, A., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Suhatril, M. and Shariati, M. (2012a), "Investigation of channel shear connectors for composite concrete and steel T-beam", Int. J. Phys. Sci., 7(11), 1828-1831. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS11.1604.   DOI
24 Toghroli, A., Suhatril, M., Ibrahim, Z., Safa, M., Shariati, M. and Shamshirband, S. (2016), "Potential of soft computing approach for evaluating the factors affecting the capacity of steel-concrete composite beam", J. Intel. Manuf., 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-016-1217-y.   DOI
25 Safa, M., Maleka, A., Arjomand, M.A., Khorami, M. and Shariati, M. (2019), "Strain rate effects on soil-geosynthetic interaction in fine-grained soil", Geomech. Eng., 19(6), 533. http://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2019.19.6.533.   DOI
26 Safa, M., Sari, P.A., Shariati, M., Suhatril, M., Trung, N.T., Wakil, K. and Khorami, M. (2020), "Development of neuro-fuzzy and neuro-bee predictive models for prediction of the safety factor of eco-protection slopes", Physica A: Stat. Mech. Its Appl., 550, 124046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2019.124046.   DOI
27 Sajedi, F. and Shariati, M. (2019), "Behavior study of NC and HSC RCCs confined by GRP casing and CFRP wrapping", Steel Compos. Struct., 30(5), 417-432. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.30.5.417.   DOI
28 Zhang, C., Li, L. and Ou, J. (2010), "Swinging motion control of suspended structures: Principles and applications", Struct. Control Hlth. Monit., 17(5), 549-562. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.331.   DOI
29 Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Mehrabi, P., Shariati, A., Toghroli, A., Trung, N.T. and Salih, M.N. (2020). "A novel approach to predict shear strength of tilted angle connectors using artificial intelligence techniques", Eng. Comput., 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-019-00930-x.   DOI
30 Shariati, M., Naghipour, M., Yousofizinsaz, G., Toghroli, A. and Tabarestani, N.P. (2020g), "Numerical study on the axial compressive behavior of built-up CFT columns considering different welding lines", Steel Compos. Struct., 34(3), 377. http://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.34.3.377.   DOI
31 Ahmaruzzaman, M. (2010), "A review on the utilization of fly ash", Prog. Energy Combus. Sci., 36(3), 327-363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2009.11.003.   DOI
32 Sedghi, Y., Zandi, Y., Shariati, M., Ahmadi, E., Moghimi Azar, V., Toghroli, A., Safa, M., Tonnizam Mohamad, E., Khorami, M. and Wakil, K. (2018), "Application of ANFIS technique on performance of C and L shaped angle shear connectors", Smart Struct. Syst., 22(3), 335-340. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2018.22.3.335.   DOI
33 Shah, S., Sulong, N.R., Khan, R., Jumaat, M. and Shariati, M. (2016c), "Behavior of industrial steel rack connections", Mech. Syst. Signal Pr., 70, 725-740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2015.08.026.   DOI
34 Shahabi, S., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Shariati, M., Mohammadhassani, M. and Shah, S. (2016a), "Numerical analysis of channel connectors under fire and a comparison of performance with different types of shear connectors subjected to fire", Steel Compos. Struct., 20(3), 651-669. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2016.20.3.651.   DOI
35 Abedini, M. and Zhang, C. (2020a), "Blast performance of concrete columns retrofitted with FRP using segment pressure technique", Compos. Struct., 260, 113473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.113473.   DOI
36 Abedini, M. and Zhang, C. (2021), "Dynamic vulnerability assessment and damage prediction of RC columns subjected to severe impulsive loading", Struct. Eng. Mech., 77(4), 441. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2021.77.4.441.   DOI
37 Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Shariati, M. and Tahir, M.M. (2016), "Investigation of through beam connection to concrete filled circular steel tube (CFCST) column", J. Constr. Steel Res., 121, 144-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2016.01.002.   DOI
38 Chen, F.X., Zhong, Y.C., Gao, X.Y., Jin, Z.Q., Wang, E.D., Zhu, F.P., Shao, X.X. and He, X.Y. (2021a), "Non-uniform model of relationship between surface strain and rust expansion force of reinforced concrete", Scientif. Report., 11(1), 1-9.   DOI
39 Huang, H., Guo, M., Zhang, W., Zeng, J., Yang, K. and Bai, H. (2021), "Numerical investigation on the bearing capacity of RC columns strengthened by HPFL-BSP under combined loadings", J. Build. Eng., 39, 102266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102266.   DOI
40 Ismail, M., Shariati, M., Abdul Awal, A.S.M., Chiong, C.E., Sadeghipour Chahnasir, E., Porbar, A., Heydari, A. and khorami, M. (2018), "Strengthening of bolted shear joints in industrialized ferrocement construction", Steel Compos. Struct., 28(6), 681-690. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.28.6.681.   DOI
41 Sun, L., Li, C., Zhang, C., Su, Z. and Chen, C. (2018), "Early monitoring of rebar corrosion evolution based on FBG sensor", Int. J. Struct. Stab. Dyn., 18(08), 1840001. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219455418400011.   DOI
42 Shahabi, S., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Shariati, M. and Shah, S. (2016b), "Performance of shear connectors at elevated temperatures-A review", Steel Compos. Struct., 20(1), 185-203. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2016.20.1.185.   DOI
43 Shariati, A., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Suhatril, M. and Shariati, M. (2012b), "Various types of shear connectors in composite structures: A review", Int. J. Phys. Sci., 7(22), 2876-2890. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPSx11.004.   DOI
44 Jitchaiyaphum, K., Sinsiri, T., Jaturapitakkul, C. and Chindaprasirt, P. (2013), "Cellular lightweight concrete containing high-calcium fly ash and natural zeolite", Int. J. Min. Metal. Mater., 20(5), 462-471.   DOI
45 Suhatril, M., Osman, N., Sari, P.A., Shariati, M. and Marto, A. (2019), "Significance of surface eco-protection techniques for cohesive soils slope in Selangor, Malaysia", Geotech. Geolog. Eng., 37(3), 2007-2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-018-0740-3.   DOI
46 Sun, L., Li, C., Zhang, C., Liang, T. and Zhao, Z. (2019a), "The strain transfer mechanism of fiber bragg grating sensor for extra large strain monitoring", Sensor., 19(8), 1851. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19081851.   DOI
47 Shariati, M., Shariati, A., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Suhatril, M. and Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. (2014b), "Fatigue energy dissipation and failure analysis of angle shear connectors embedded in high strength concrete", Eng. Fail. Anal., 41, 124-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2014.02.017.   DOI
48 Shah, S., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Shariati, M., Khan, R. and Jumaat, M. (2016a), "Behavior of steel pallet rack beam-to-column connections at elevated temperatures", Thin Wall. Struct., 106, 471-483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2016.05.021.   DOI
49 Shah, S., Sulong, N.R., Shariati, M. and Jumaat, M. (2015), "Steel rack connections: Identification of most influential factors and a comparison of stiffness design methods", PloS one, 10(10), e0139422. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139422.   DOI
50 Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Suhatril, M., Shariati, A., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Sinaei, H. (2013), "Comparison of behaviour between channel and angle shear connectors under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading", Constr. Build. Mater., 38, 582-593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.07.050.   DOI
51 Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Suhatril, M., Shariati, A., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Sinaei, H. (2012d), "Behaviour of C-shaped angle shear connectors under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading: An experimental study", Mater. Des., 41, 67-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.04.039.   DOI
52 Naghipour, M., Niak, K.M., Shariati, M. and Toghroli, A. (2020a), "Effect of progressive shear punch of a foundation on a reinforced concrete building behavior", Steel Compos. Struct., 35(2), 279-294. http://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.35.2.279.   DOI
53 Luo, Z., Sinaei, H., Ibrahim, Z., Shariati, M., Jumaat, Z., Wakil, K., Pham, B.T., Mohamad, E.T. and Khorami, M. (2019), "Computational and experimental analysis of beam to column joints reinforced with CFRP plates", Steel Compos. Struct., 30(3), 271-280. http://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.30.3.271.   DOI
54 Memon, F.A., Nuruddin, M.F. and Shafiq, N. (2013), "Effect of silica fume on the fresh and hardened properties of fly ashbased self-compacting geopolymer concrete", Int. J. Min. Metal. Mater., 20(2), 205-213.   DOI
55 Mohammadhassani, M., Nezamabadi-Pour, H., Suhatril, M. and Shariati, M. (2013), "Identification of a suitable ANN architecture in predicting strain in tie section of concrete deep beams", Struct. Eng. Mech., 46(6), 853-868. http://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2013.46.6.853.   DOI
56 Shariati, A., Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Suhatril, M., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Mahoutian, M. (2014a), "Experimental assessment of angle shear connectors under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading in high strength concrete", Constr. Build. Mater., 52, 276-283. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.11.036.   DOI
57 Shariati, M., Heyrati, A., Zandi, Y., Laka, H., Toghroli, A., Kianmehr, P., Safa, M., Salih, M.N. and Poi-Ngian, S. (2019c), "Application of waste tire rubber aggregate in porous concrete", Smart Struct. Syst., 24(4), 553-566. http://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2019.24.4.553.   DOI
58 Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Sinaei, H., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Shafigh, P. (2011d), "Behavior of channel shear connectors in normal and light weight aggregate concrete (experimental and analytical study)", Adv. Mater. Res., 168, 2303-2307. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.168-170.2303.   DOI
59 Sadeghipour Chahnasir, E., Zandi, Y., Shariati, M., Dehghani, E., Toghroli, A., Mohamed, E.T., Shariati, A., Safa, M., Wakil, K. and Khorami, M. (2018), "Application of support vector machine with firefly algorithm for investigation of the factors affecting the shear strength of angle shear connectors", Smart Struct. Syst., 22(4), 413-424. http://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2018.22.4.413.   DOI
60 Safa, M., Shariati, M., Ibrahim, Z., Toghroli, A., Baharom, S.B., Nor, N.M. and Petkovic, D. (2016), "Potential of adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system for evaluating the factors affecting steelconcrete composite beam's shear strength", Steel Compos Struct., 21(3), 679-688. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2016.21.3.679.   DOI
61 Shariati, M. (2020), "Evaluation of seismic performance factors for tension-only braced frames", Steel Compos. Struct., 35(4), 599-609. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.35.4.599.   DOI
62 Shariati, M., Faegh, S.S., Mehrabi, P., Bahavarnia, S., Zandi, Y., Masoom, D.R., Toghroli, A., Trung, N.T. and Salih, M.N. (2019b), "Numerical study on the structural performance of corrugated low yield point steel plate shear walls with circular openings", Steel Compos. Struct., 33(4), 569-581. http://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.33.4.569.   DOI
63 Heydari, A. and Shariati, M. (2018), "Buckling analysis of tapered BDFGM nano-beam under variable axial compression resting on elastic medium", Struct. Eng. Mech., 66(6), 737-748. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2018.66.6.737.   DOI
64 Daie, M., Jalali, A., Suhatril, M., Shariati, M., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M., Shariati, A. and Kazemi-Arbat, P. (2011), "A new finite element investigation on pre-bent steel strips as damper for vibration control", Int. J. Phys. Sci., 6(36), 8044-8050. https://doi.org/10.5897/ijps11.1585.   DOI
65 De la Varga, I., Castro, J., Bentz, D. and Weiss, J. (2012), "Application of internal curing for mixtures containing high volumes of fly ash", Cement Concrete Compos., 34(9), 1001-1008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2012.06.008.   DOI
66 Gholipour, G., Zhang, C. and Mousavi, A.A. (2020), "Numerical analysis of axially loaded RC columns subjected to the combination of impact and blast loads", Eng. Struct., 219, 110924. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110924.   DOI
67 Huang, H., Huang, M., Zhang, W. and Yang, S. (2020), "Experimental study of predamaged columns strengthened by HPFL and BSP under combined load cases", Struct. Infrastr. Eng., 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2020.1801768.   DOI
68 Zhang, C. and Wang, H. (2019c), "Swing vibration control of suspended structure using active rotary inertia driver system: Parametric analysis and experimental verification", Appl. Sci., 9(15), 3144. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9153144.   DOI
69 Zhang, C.W., Ou, J.P. and Zhang, J.Q. (2006), "Parameter optimization and analysis of a vehicle suspension system controlled by magnetorheological fluid dampers", Struct. Control Hlth. Monit.: Official J. Int. Assoc. Struct. Control Monit. Eur. Assoc. Control Struct., 13(5), 885-896. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.63.   DOI
70 Zheng, J., Zhang, C. and Li, A. (2020), "Experimental investigation on the mechanical properties of curved metallic plate dampers", Appl. Sci., 10(1), 269. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10010269.   DOI
71 Zhu, L., Zhang, C., Guan, X., Uy, B., Sun, L. and Wang, B. (2018), "The multi-axial strength performance of composited structural BCW members subjected to shear forces", Steel Compos. Struct., 27(1), 75-87. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.27.1.075.   DOI
72 Zhang, C. and Wang, H. (2019b), "Robustness of the active rotary inertia driver system for structural swing vibration control subjected to multi-type hazard excitations", Appl. Sci., 9(20), 4391. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9204391.   DOI
73 Shariati, M., Trung, N.T., Wakil, K., Mehrabi, P., Safa, M. and Khorami, M. (2019g), "Moment-rotation estimation of steel rack connection using extreme learning machine", Steel Compos. Struct., 31(5), 427-435. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.31.5.427.   DOI
74 Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Mehrabi, P., Ahmadi, M., Wakil, K., Trung, N.T. and Toghroli, A. (2020f), "Prediction of concrete strength in presence of furnace slag and fly ash using Hybrid ANN-GA (Artificial Neural Network-Genetic Algorithm)", Smart Struct. Syst., 25(2), 183. http://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2020.25.2.183.   DOI
75 Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Mehrabi, P., Zandi, Y., Dehghani, D., bahadori, A., Shariati, A., Trung, N.T., Salih, M.N. and PoiNgian, S. (2019e), "Application of Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) and Genetic Programming (GP) to design steel-concrete composite floor systems at elevated temperatures", Steel Compos. Struct., 33(3), 319-332. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.33.3.319.   DOI
76 Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H. and Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. (2010), "Experimental and analytical study on channel shear connectors in light weight aggregate concrete", Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Steel & Composite Structures, Sydney, Australia, July.
77 Jalali, A., Daie, M., Nazhadan, S.V.M., Kazemi-Arbat, P. and Shariati, M. (2012), "Seismic performance of structures with pre-bent strips as a damper", Int. J. Phys. Sci., 7(26), 4061-4072. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS11.1324.   DOI
78 Zhang, C. and Mousavi, A.A. (2020c), "Blast loads induced responses of RC structural members: State-of-the-art review", Compos. Part B: Eng., 195, 108066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108066.   DOI
79 Little, D.N. (1995), Stabilization of Pavement Subgrades and Base Courses with Lime.
80 Davoodnabi, S.M., Mirhosseini, S.M. and Shariati, M. (2019), "Behavior of steel-concrete composite beam using angle shear connectors at fire condition", Steel Compos. Struct., 30(2), 141-147. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.30.2.141.   DOI
81 Zhang, C. and Ou, J. (2008), "Control structure interaction of electromagnetic mass damper system for structural vibration control", J. Eng. Mech., 134(5), 428-437. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2008)134:5(428).   DOI
82 Zhang, C. and Ou, J. (2015), "Modeling and dynamical performance of the electromagnetic mass driver system for structural vibration control", Eng. Struct., 82, 93-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.10.029.   DOI
83 Yazdani, M., Kabirifar, K., Frimpong, B.E., Shariati, M., Mirmozaffari, M. and Boskabadi, A. (2020), "Improving construction and demolition waste collection service in an urban area using a simheuristic approach: A case study in Sydney, Australia", J. Clean. Prod., 280, 124138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124138.   DOI
84 Hamidian, M., Shariati, M., Arabnejad, M. and Sinaei, H. (2011), "Assessment of high strength and light weight aggregate concrete properties using ultrasonic pulse velocity technique", Int. J. Phys. Sci., 6(22), 5261-5266. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS11.1081.   DOI
85 Nasrollahi, S., Maleki, S., Shariati, M., Marto, A. and Khorami, M. (2018), "Investigation of pipe shear connectors using push out test", Steel Compos. Struct., 27(5), 537-543. http://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.27.5.537.   DOI
86 Shariat, M., Shariati, M., Madadi, A. and Wakil, K. (2018), "Computational Lagrangian Multiplier Method by using for optimization and sensitivity analysis of rectangular reinforced concrete beams", Steel Compos. Struct., 29(2), 243-256. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.29.2.243.   DOI
87 Wei, X., Shariati, M., Zandi, Y., Pei, S., Jin, Z., Gharachurlu, S., Abdullahi, M.M., Tahir, M.M. and Khorami, M. (2018), "Distribution of shear force in perforated shear connectors", Steel Compos. Struct., 27(3), 389-399.http://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.27.3.389.   DOI
88 Xu, J., Li, Y., Ren, C., Wang, S., Vanapalli, S.K. and Chen, G. (2021), "Influence of freeze-thaw cycles on microstructure and hydraulic conductivity of saline intact loess", Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 181, 103183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2020.103183.   DOI
89 Zhang, C. (2014), "Control force characteristics of different control strategies for the wind-excited 76-story benchmark building structure", Adv. Struct. Eng., 17(4), 543-559. https://doi.org/10.1260/1369-4332.17.4.543.   DOI
90 Zhang, C., Abedini, M. and Mehrmashhadi, J. (2020a), "Development of pressure-impulse models and residual capacity assessment of RC columns using high fidelity Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian simulation", Eng. Struct., 224, 111219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111219.   DOI
91 Zhang, C., Alam, Z., Sun, L., Su, Z. and Samali, B. (2019a), "Fibre Bragg grating sensor-based damage response monitoring of an asymmetric reinforced concrete shear wall structure subjected to progressive seismic loads", Struct. Control Hlth. Monit., 26(3), e2307. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.2307.   DOI
92 Li, D., Toghroli, A., Shariati, M., Sajedi, F., Bui, D.T., Kianmehr, P., Mohamad, E.T. and Khorami, M. (2019), "Application of polymer, silica-fume and crushed rubber in the production of Pervious concrete", Smart Struct. Syst., 23(2), 207-214. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2019.23.2.207.   DOI
93 Xie, Q., Sinaei, H., Shariati, M., Khorami, M., Mohamad, E.T. and Bui, D. T. (2019), "An experimental study on the effect of CFRP on behavior of reinforce concrete beam column connections", Steel Compos. Struct., 30(5), 433-441. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.30.5.433.   DOI
94 Zhang, C., Gholipour, G. and Mousavi, A.A. (2020b), "State-ofthe-art review on responses of RC structures subjected to lateral impact loads", Arch. Comput. Meth. Eng., 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-020-09467-5.   DOI
95 Jiang, J., Peng, Z.Y., Ye, M., Wang, Y.B., Wang, X. and Bao, W. "Thermal effect of welding on mechanical behavior of highstrength steel", J. Mater. Civil Eng., 33(8), 04021186. 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003837.   DOI
96 Ju, Y., Shen, T. and Wang, D. (2020), "Bonding behavior between reactive powder concrete and normal strength concrete", Constr. Build. Mater., 242, 118024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118024.   DOI
97 Katebi, J., Shoaei-parchin, M., Shariati, M., Trung, N.T. and Khorami, M. (2019), "Developed comparative analysis of metaheuristic optimization algorithms for optimal active control of structures", Eng. Comput., 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-019-00780-7.   DOI
98 Khorami, M., Alvansazyazdi, M., Shariati, M., Zandi, Y., Jalali, A. and Tahir, M. (2017a), "Seismic performance evaluation of buckling restrained braced frames (BRBF) using incremental nonlinear dynamic analysis method (IDA)", Earthq. Struct., 13(6), 531-538. http://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2017.13.6.531.   DOI
99 Khorami, M., Khorami, M., Motahar, H., Alvansazyazdi, M., Shariati, M., Jalali, A. and Tahir, M.M. (2017b), "Evaluation of the seismic performance of special moment frames using incremental nonlinear dynamic analysis", Struct. Eng. Mech., 63(2), 259-268. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2017.63.2.259.   DOI
100 Sinaei, H., Jumaat, M.Z. and Shariati, M. (2011), "Numerical investigation on exterior reinforced concrete Beam-Column joint strengthened by composite fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)", Int. J. Phys. Sci., 6(28), 6572-6579. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS11.1225.   DOI
101 Sinaei, H., Shariati, M., Abna, A.H., Aghaei, M. and Shariati, A. (2012), "Evaluation of reinforced concrete beam behaviour using finite element analysis by ABAQUS", Scientif. Res. Essay., 7(21), 2002-2009.
102 Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M., Shafigh, P. and Sinaei, H. (2011b), "Assessing the strength of reinforced concrete structures through Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity and Schmidt Rebound Hammer tests", Scientif. Res. Essay., 6(1), 213-220.
103 Institute, A.C. (1996), Guide for the Use of Silica Fume in Concrete, American Concrete Institute.
104 Nehdi, M., Pardhan, M. and Koshowski, S. (2004), "Durability of self-consolidating concrete incorporating high-volume replacement composite cements", Cement Concrete Res., 34(11), 2103-2112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.03.018.   DOI
105 Qi, C., Chen, Q. and Kim, S.S. (2020a), "Integrated and intelligent design framework for cemented paste backfill: A combination of robust machine learning modelling and multi-objective optimization", Min. Eng., 155, 106422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2020.106422.   DOI
106 Rajaei, S., Shoaei, P., Shariati, M., Ameri, F., Musaeei, H.R., Behforouz, B. and de Brito, J. (2021), "Rubberized alkaliactivated slag mortar reinforced with polypropylene fibres for application in lightweight thermal insulating materials", Constr. Build. Mater., 270, 121430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121430.   DOI
107 Jaturapitakkul, C., Tangpagasit, J., Songmue, S. and Kiattikomol, K. (2011), "Filler effect of fine particle sand on the compressive strength of mortar", Int. J. Min. Metal. Mater., 18(2), 240-246.   DOI
108 Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H. and Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. (2012c), "Experimental assessment of channel shear connectors under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading in high strength concrete", Mater. Des., 34, 325-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.08.008.   DOI
109 Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Mahoutian, M. (2011a), "Shear resistance of channel shear connectors in plain, reinforced and lightweight concrete", Scientif. Res. Essay., 6(4), 977-983.
110 Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Shariati, A. (2011c), "Experimental and numerical investigations of channel shear connectors in high strength concrete", Proceedings of the 2011 World Congress on Advances in Struct. Eng. Mech., (ASEM'11+).
111 Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Shariati, A. and Kueh, A.B.H. (2016), "Comparative performance of channel and angle shear connectors in high strength concrete composites: An experimental study", Constr. Build. Mater., 120, 382-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.102.   DOI
112 Zandi, Y., Shariati, M., Marto, A., Wei, X., Karaca, Z., Dao, D., Toghroli, A., Hashemi, M.H., Sedghi, Y. and Wakil, K. (2018), "Computational investigation of the comparative analysis of cylindrical barns subjected to earthquake", Steel Compos. Struct., 28(4), 439-447. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.28.4.439.   DOI
113 Zhang, W., Tang, Z., Yang, Y., Wei, J. and Stanislav, P. (2021), "Mixed-mode debonding behavior between CFRP plates and concrete under fatigue loading", J. Struct. Eng., 147(5), 04021055. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0003032.   DOI
114 Toghroli, A., Shariati, M., Sajedi, F., Ibrahim, Z., Koting, S., Mohamad, E.T. and Khorami, M. (2018), "A review on pavement porous concrete using recycled waste materials", Smart Struct. Syst., 22(4), 433-440. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2018.22.4.433.   DOI
115 Ziaei-Nia, A., Shariati, M. and Salehabadi, E. (2018), "Dynamic mix design optimization of high-performance concrete", Steel Compos. Struct., 29(1), 67-75. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.29.1.067.   DOI
116 Shariati, M., Shariati, A., Trung, N.T., Shoaei, P., Ameri, F., Bahrami, N. and Zamanabadi, S.N. (2020h), "Alkali-activated slag (AAS) paste: Correlation between durability and microstructural characteristics", Constr. Build. Mater., 267, 120886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120886.   DOI
117 Shariati, M., Tahir, M.M., Wee, T.C., Shah, S., Jalali, A., Abdullahi, M.M. and Khorami, M. (2018), "Experimental investigations on monotonic and cyclic behavior of steel pallet rack connections", Eng. Fail. Anal., 85, 149-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2017.08.014.   DOI
118 Shariati, M., Tahmasbi, F., Mehrabi, P., Bahadori, A. and Toghroli, A. (2020i), "Monotonic behavior of C and L shaped angle shear connectors within steel-concrete composite beams: an experimental investigation", Steel Compos. Struct., 35(2), 237-247. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.35.2.237.   DOI
119 Toghroli, A., Mehrabi, P., Shariati, M., Trung, N.T., Jahandari, S. and Rasekh, H. (2020), "Evaluating the use of recycled concrete aggregate and pozzolanic additives in fiber-reinforced pervious concrete with industrial and recycled fibers", Constr. Build. Mater., 252, 118997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118997.   DOI
120 Trung, N.T., Alemi, N., Haido, J.H., Shariati, M., Baradaran, S. and Yousif, S.T. (2019b), "Reduction of cement consumption by producing smart green concretes with natural zeolites", Smart Struct. Syst., 24(3), 415-425. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2019.24.3.415.   DOI
121 Xu, H.B., Zhang, C.W., Li, H., Tan, P., Ou, J.P. and Zhou, F.L. (2014), "Active mass driver control system for suppressing wind-induced vibration of the Canton Tower", Smart Struct. Syst., 13(2), 281-303. http://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2014.13.2.281.   DOI
122 Chen, F., Jin, Z., Wang, E., Wang, L., Jiang, Y., Guo, P., Gao, X. and He, X. (2021b), "Relationship model between surface strain of concrete and expansion force of reinforcement rust", Scientif. Report., 11(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83376-w.   DOI
123 Sun, L., Su, Z., Xia, Y., Zhang, C. and Li, C. (2019b), "Superwide-range fiber bragg grating displacement sensor based on an eccentric gear: Principles and experiments", J. Aerosp. Eng., 32(1), 04018129. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000960.   DOI
124 Mehrabi, P., Shariati, M., Kabirifar, K., Jarrah, M., Rasekh, H., Trung, N.T., Shariati, A. and Jahandari, S. (2021), "Effect of pumice powder and nano-clay on the strength and permeability of fiber-reinforced pervious concrete incorporating recycled concrete aggregate", Constr. Build. Mater., 287, 122652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122652.   DOI
125 Qi, C., Spagnoli, D. and Fourie, A. (2020b), "Structural, electronic, and mechanical properties of calcium aluminate cements: Insight from first-principles theory", Constr. Build. Mater., 264, 120259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120259.   DOI
126 Razavian, L., Naghipour, M., Shariati, M. and Safa, M. (2020), "Experimental study of the behavior of composite timber columns confined with hollow rectangular steel sections under compression", Struct. Eng. Mech., 74(1), 145-156. http://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2020.74.1.145.   DOI
127 Shariati, M., Toghroli, A., Jalali, A. and Ibrahim, Z. (2017), "Assessment of stiffened angle shear connector under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading", Fifth International Conference on Advances in Civil, Structural and Mechanical Engineering-CSM 2017.
128 Sideris, K., Justnes, H., Soutsos, M. and Sui, T. (2018), Fly Ash. Properties of Fresh and Hardened Concrete Containing Supplementary Cementitious Materials, Springer, 55-98.
129 Milovancevic, M., Marinovic, J.S., Nikolic, J., Kitic, A., Shariati, M., Trung, N.T., Wakil, K. and Khorami, M. (2019), "UML diagrams for dynamical monitoring of rail vehicles", Physica A: Stat. Mech. Its Appl., 531, 121169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2019.121169.   DOI
130 Mansouri, I., Shariati, M., Safa, M., Ibrahim, Z., Tahir, M. and Petkovic, D. (2019), "Analysis of influential factors for predicting the shear strength of a V-shaped angle shear connector in composite beams using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy technique", J. Intel. Manuf., 30(3), 1247-1257.   DOI
131 Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M., Ramli Sulong, N.H. and Shariati, M. (2010), "Investigation of seismic behaviour of composite structures with concrete filled square steel tubular (CFSST) column by push-over and time-history analyses", Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Steel & Composite Structures.
132 Paknahad, M., Shariati, M., Sedghi, Y., Bazzaz, M. and Khorami, M. (2018), "Shear capacity equation for channel shear connectors in steel-concrete composite beams", Steel Compos. Struct., 28(4), 483-494. http://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.28.4.483.   DOI
133 Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M., Ramli Sulong, N.H. and Shariati, M. (2011), "Behavior of through beam connections composed of CFSST columns and steel beams by finite element studying", Adv. Mater. Res., 168, 2329-2333 http://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.168-170.2329.   DOI
134 Rukzon, S. and Chindaprasirt, P. (2013), "Strength, porosity, and chloride resistance of mortar using the combination of two kinds of pozzolanic materials", Int. J. Min. Metal. Mater., 20(8), 808-814.   DOI
135 Tahmasbi, F., Maleki, S., Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H. and Tahir, M.M. (2016), "Shear capacity of C-shaped and L-shaped angle shear connectors", PLoS One, 11(8), e0156989. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156989.   DOI
136 Mohammadhassani, M., Akib, S., Shariati, M., Suhatril, M. and Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. (2014a), "An experimental study on the failure modes of high strength concrete beams with particular references to variation of the tensile reinforcement ratio", Eng. Fail. Anal., 41, 73-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2013.08.014.   DOI
137 Mohammadhassani, M., Nezamabadi-Pour, H., Suhatril, M. and Shariati, M. (2014b), "An evolutionary fuzzy modelling approach and comparison of different methods for shear strength prediction of high-strength concrete beams without stirrups", Smart Struct. Syst., 14(5), 785-809. http://doi.org/10.12989/.2014.14.5.785.   DOI
138 Mohammadhassani, M., Suhatril, M., Shariati, M. and Ghanbari, F. (2014c), "Ductility and strength assessment of HSC beams with varying of tensile reinforcement ratios", Struct. Eng. Mech., 48(6), 833-848. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2013.48.6.833.   DOI
139 Nath, P. and Sarker, P. (2011), "Effect of fly ash on the durability properties of high strength concrete", Procedia Eng., 14, 1149-1156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.07.144.   DOI
140 Hosseinpour, E., Baharom, S., Badaruzzaman, W.H.W., Shariati, M. and Jalali, A. (2018), "Direct shear behavior of concrete filled hollow steel tube shear connector for slim-floor steel beams", Steel Compos. Struct., 26(4), 485-499. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.26.4.485.   DOI
141 Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Shariati, A. and Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. (2015), "Behavior of V-shaped angle shear connectors: experimental and parametric study", Mater. Struct., 49(9), 3909-3926. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-015-0762-8.   DOI
142 Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Suhatril, M., Shariati, A., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Sinaei, H. (2012e), "Fatigue energy dissipation and failure analysis of channel shear connector embedded in the lightweight aggregate concrete in composite bridge girders", Fifth International Conference on Engineering Failure Analysis, Hilton Hotel, The Hague, July.
143 Abedini, M., Zhang, C., Mehrmashhadi, J. and Akhlaghi, E. (2020b). "Comparison of ALE, LBE and pressure time history methods to evaluate extreme loading effects in RC column", Struct., 28, 456-466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2020.08.084.   DOI
144 Ye, M., Jiang, J., Chen, H., Zhou, H. and Song, D. (2021), "Seismic behavior of an innovative hybrid beam-column connection for precast concrete structures", Eng. Struct., 227, 111436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111436.   DOI
145 Naveen Kumar, C., John, K.V., Vengala, J. and Ranganath, R. (2006), "Self-compacting concrete with fly ash and metakaolin", Ind. Concrete J., 80(4), 33-39.
146 Nosrati, A., Zandi, Y., Shariati, M., Khademi, K., Darvishnezhad Aliabad, M., Marto, A., Mu'azu, M., Ghanbari, E., Mandizadeh, M.B. and Shariati, A. (2018), "Portland cement structure and its major oxides and fineness", Smart Struct. Syst., 22(4), 425-432 https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2018.22.4.425.   DOI
147 Naghipour, M., Yousofizinsaz, G. and Shariati, M. (2020b), "Experimental study on axial compressive behavior of welded built-up CFT stub columns made by cold-formed sections with different welding lines", Steel Compos. Struct., 34(3), 347. http://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.34.3.347.   DOI
148 Qi, C. and Fourie, A. (2019), "Cemented paste backfill for mineral tailings management: Review and future perspectives", Min. Eng., 144, 106025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2019.106025.   DOI
149 Afshar, A., Jahandari, S., Rasekh, H., Shariati, M., Afshar, A. and Shokrgozar, A. (2020), "Corrosion resistance evaluation of rebars with various primers and coatings in concrete modified with different additives", Constr. Build. Mater., 262, 120034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120034.   DOI
150 Akcay, B., Sengul, C. and ali Tasdemir, M. (2016), "Fracture behavior and pore structure of concrete with metakaolin", Adv. Concrete Constr., 4(2), 71. http://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2016.4.2.071.   DOI
151 Chen, C., Shi, L., Shariati, M., Toghroli, A., Mohamad, E.T., Bui, D.T. and Khorami, M. (2019), "Behavior of steel storage pallet racking connection-A review", Steel Compos. Struct., 30(5), 457-469. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.30.5.457.   DOI
152 Alam, Z., Zhang, C. and Samali, B. (2020a), "Influence of seismic incident angle on response uncertainty and structural performance of tall asymmetric structure", Struct. Des. Tall Spec. Build., 29(12), e1750. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.1750.   DOI
153 Alam, Z., Zhang, C. and Samali, B. (2020b), "The role of viscoelastic damping on retrofitting seismic performance of asymmetric reinforced concrete structures", Earthq. Eng. Eng. Vib., 19(1), 223-237. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-020-0558-x.   DOI
154 Cable, M. (1982), Glasses. Molten Salt Technology, Springer, 223-264.