Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/acc.2018.6.2.177

Assessment of damages on a RC building after a big fire  

Ada, Mehmet (Department of Civil Engineering, Yildiz Technical University)
Sevim, Baris (Department of Civil Engineering, Yildiz Technical University)
Yuzer, Nabi (Department of Civil Engineering, Yildiz Technical University)
Ayvaz, Yusuf (Department of Civil Engineering, Yildiz Technical University)
Publication Information
Advances in concrete construction / v.6, no.2, 2018 , pp. 177-197 More about this Journal
Abstract
This paper presents a case study about the damages on the structural elements of a cast in place reinforced concrete (RC) building after a big fire which was able to be controlled after six hours. The fire broke off at the $2^{nd}$ basement floor of the building, which has five basements, one ground, and two normal floors. As a result of intensely stocked ignitable materials, it spread out to the all of the upstairs. In visual inspection, most of the typical fire damages were observed (such as spalling, net-like cracks, crumbled plasters, bared or visible reinforcement). Also, failures of the $2^{nd}$ basement columns were encountered. It has been concluded that the severity failures of the columns at the $2^{nd}$ basement caused utterly deformation of the building, which is responsible for the massive damages on the beam-column connections. All of the observed damages were categorized related to the types and presented separated regarding the floors. Besides to the visual inspection, the numerical analysis was run to verify the observed damaged on the building for columns, beams, and the connection regions. It is concluded from the study that several parameters such as duration of the fire, level of the temperature influence on the damages to the RC building. Also, it is highlighted by the study that if the damaged building is considered on the overall structural system, it is not able to satisfy the minimum service requirements neither gravity loads nor earthquake conditions.
Keywords
beam-column connection damage; elevated temperature; fire damage; RC building; structural element;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 3  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Hertz, K.D. (2003), "Limits of spalling of fire-exposed concrete", Fire Saf. J., 38, 103-116.   DOI
2 Hertz, K.D. (2004), "Reinforcement data for fire safety design", Mag. Concrete Res., 56, 453-459.   DOI
3 Hertz, K.D. (2005), "Concrete strength for fire safety design", Mag. Concrete Res., 57, 445-453.   DOI
4 International Code Council (ICC) (2011), International Building Code, ISBN: 978-1-60983-040-3.
5 ISO (1999), ISO 834 Fire-Resistance Tests - Elements of Building Construction, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
6 Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (IMM) Fire Department (2016), "Report number 70556362-309.03/YS 2095/3041/S", 27.11.2016, Istanbul, Turkey.
7 Johnson, W.H. and Parsons, W.H. (1944), "Thermal expansion of concrete aggregate materials", U.S. Department of Commerce National Bureau of Standards, 32, 101-126.
8 Khalaf, J., Huang, Z. and Fan, M. (2016), "Analysis of bond-slip between concrete and steel bar in fire", Comput. Struct., 162, 1-15.   DOI
9 Kizilkanat, A., Yuzer, N. and Kabay, N. (2013), "Thermo-physical properties of concrete exposed to high temperature", Constr. Build. Mater., 45, 147-161.
10 Kmet, S., Tomko, M., Demjan, I., Pesek, L. and Priganc, S. (2016), "Analysis of a damaged industrial hall subjected to the effects of fire", Struct. Eng. Mech., 58(5), 757-781.   DOI
11 Lattimer, B.Y. (2016), Heat Transfer from Fires to Surfaces, Ed. M.J. Hurley, SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, Springer, New York.
12 Lennon, T., Moore, D.B., Wang, Y.C. and Bailey C.G. (2007), "Designers' Guide to EN 1991-1-2, EN 1992-1-2, EN 1993-1-2 and EN 1994-1-2. Handbook for the Fire Design of Steel, Composite and Concrete Structures to the Eurocodes", Series Editor H. Gulvanessian, Thomas Telford Publishing, England.
13 Lin, W.M., Lin, T.D. and Powers-Couche, L.J. (1996), "Microstructures of fire-damaged concrete", ACI Mater. J., 93(3), 199-205.
14 Ma, Q., Guo, R., Zhao, Z. Lin, Z. and He, K. (2015), "Mechanical properties of concrete at high temperature-A review", Constr. Build. Mater., 93, 371-383.   DOI
15 Naik, T.R. (2008), "Sustainability of concrete construction", Prac. Period. Struct. Des. Constr., 13(2), 98-103.   DOI
16 Reynolds C.E., Steedman, J.C. and Threlfal, A.J. (2008), Reynolds's Reinforced Concrete Designer's Handbook, Taylor and Francis, London and New York.
17 NTV Radyo ve Televizyon Yayinciligi A.S. (2017), Fire in Bayrampasa-Istanbul causes scare, http://www.ntv.com.tr/galeri/turkiye/istanbul-bayrampasada-korkutan-yangin,X15pwG5znEiHZG8hKCTHpA/tZoB9BCsqEKlF4CTHxPTZw (accessed on 09.09.2017).
18 Ozawa, M., Uchida, S., Kamada, T. and Morimoto, H. (2012), "Study of mechanism of explosive spalling in high-strength concrete at high temperatures using acoustic emission", Constr. Build. Mater., 37, 621-628.   DOI
19 Reuters News Agency (2017), "Tehran building collapse kills at least 20 firefighters: Mayor", https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-building-idUSKBN1530YP.(accessed on 09.08.2017).
20 Shi, X., Tan, T.H., Tan, K.H. and Guo, Z. (2004), "Influence of concrete cover on fire resistance of reinforced concrete flexural members", J. Struct. Eng., 130(8), 1225-1232.   DOI
21 Singer, J., Arbocz, J. and Weller, T. (2002), Buckling Experiments: Experimental Methods in Buckling of Thin-Walled Structures-Volume 2, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York.
22 Topcu, I.B. and Karakurt, C. (2008), "Properties of reinforced concrete steel rebar exposed to high temperatures", Research Letters in Material Science.
23 Yaqub, M., Bailey, C.G. and Nedwell, P. (2011), "Axial capacity of post heated square columns wrapped with FRP composites", Cement Concrete Compos., 33, 694-701.   DOI
24 Yu, J.T., Liu, Y., Lu, Z.D. and Xiang, K. (2012), "Flexural performance of fire damaged and rehabilitated two-span reinforced concrete span and beams", Struct. Eng. Mech., 42(6), 799-813.   DOI
25 Aslani, F. and Samali, B. (2013), "Predicting the bond between concrete and reinforcing steel at elevated temperatures", Struct. Eng. Mech., 48(5), 643-660.   DOI
26 Yung, D. (2008), Principles of Fire Risk Assessment in Buildings, John Wiley and Sons Inc., West Sussex, England.
27 Tanyildizi, H. and Coskun, A. (2008), "Performance of lightweight concrete with Silica Fume after high temperature", Constr. Build. Mater., 22, 2124-2129.   DOI
28 Anderberg, Y. (1997), "Spalling phenomena in HPC and OC", Proceedings of the International Workshop on Fire Performance of High-Strength Concrete, Maryland.
29 ANSYS(R) Academic Research Mechanical, Release 18.1., ANSYS, Inc.
30 Ashby, M.F. and Jones, D.R.H. (2006), Engineering Materials 2-An Introduction to Microstructures, Processing and Design, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, England.
31 Dogan News Agency (DNA) (2017), "Big fire in Istanbul in Turkey," http://www.dha.com.tr/dhaalbumdetay.asp?kat=70448&page_number=20 (accessed on 09.09.2017).
32 Chan, Y.N., Peng, G.F. and Anson, M. (1999), "Residual strength and pore structure of high-strength concrete and normal strength concrete after exposure to high temperatures", Cement Concrete Compos., 21, 23-27.
33 Chiang, C.H. and Tsai, C.L. (2003), "Time-temperature analysis of bond strength of a rebar after fire exposure", Cement Concrete Res., 33, 1651-1654.   DOI
34 Choi, J., Haj-Ali, R. and Kim, H.S. (2012), "Integrated fire dynamic and thermomechanical modeling of a bridge under fire", Struct. Eng. Mech., 42(6), 814-829.
35 European Committee for Standardization (CEN) (2002), EN 1991-1-2, Eurocode 1: Actions on Structures-Part 1-2: General Actions-Actions on Structures Exposed to Fire, Brussels, Belgium.
36 European Committee for Standardization (CEN) (2004), EN 1992-1-2, Eurocode 2: Design of Concrete Structures-Part 1-2: General Rules - Structural Fire Design, Brussels, Belgium
37 Folic, R., Radonjanin, V. and Malesev, M. (2002), "The assessment of the structure of novi open university damaged a fire", Constr. Build. Mater., 16, 427-440.   DOI
38 Garlocka, M., Paya-Zaforteza I., Kodur, V. and Gu, L. (2012), "Fire hazard in bridges: Review, assessment and repair strategies", Eng. Struct., 35, 89-98.   DOI
39 Ha, T., Ko, J., Lee, S., Kim, S., Jung, J. and Kim, D.J. (2016), "A case study on the rehabilitation of a firedamaged structure", Appl. Sci., 6(5), 126, doi:10.3390/app6050126.   DOI
40 ASTM (2016), E119-16a, Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials, ASTM International, Pennsylvania, USA.