Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/anr.2015.3.4.207

The use of nanotechnology in the agriculture  

Cicek, Semra (Department of Nano-Science and Nano-Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ataturk University)
Nadaroglu, Hayrunnisa (Department of Nano-Science and Nano-Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ataturk University)
Publication Information
Advances in nano research / v.3, no.4, 2015 , pp. 207-223 More about this Journal
Abstract
Nanotechnology is considered the most important technological advancement in recent years, and it is utilized in all industries due to its potential applications. Almost all of the industries (food, agriculture, medicine, automotive, information and communication technologies, energy, textile, construction, etc.) reorganize their future in the light of nanotechnological developments. As the most important source of income of countries, the agriculture industry increases the use of nanotechnology products gradually as a solution to the problems encountered. Reducing the use of agricultural inputs (pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers, etc.) by increasing their efficiency utilizing nano-carriers, detecting the environmental conditions and development of the crops in the field simultaneously by making use of nanosensors, reducing the sample volume and the amount of analyte used thanks to nanoarrays, effective treatment of water resources through nano-filters, accelerating the development of crops by using nanoparticles are the prominent nanotechnological applications in the agriculture industry. This review presents information on the benefits of the recent developments in nanotechnology applications in the agriculture industry.
Keywords
agriculture; nanobiotechnology; nono-fertilizers; nano-pesticides; nanobiosensors;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Ingale, A.G. and Chaudhari, A. (2013), "Biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles and potential applications: an eco-friendly approach", J. Nanomed. Nanotechnol., 4(2), 160.
2 Jain, K.K. (2005), "Nanotechnology in clinical laboratory diagnostics", Clinica Chimica Acta, 358 (1-2), 37-54.   DOI
3 Jerobin, J., Sureshkumar, R.S., Anjali, C.H., Mukherjee, A. and Chandrasekaran, N. (2012), "Biodegradable polymer based encapsulation of neem oil nano-emulsion for controlled release of Aza-A", Carbohydr. Polym., 90(4), 1750-1756.   DOI
4 Jo, Y.K., Kim, B.H. and Jung, G. (2009), "Antifungal activity of silver ions and nanoparticles on phytopathogenic fungi", Plant Dis., 93, 1037-1043.   DOI
5 Johnston, C.T. (2010), "Probing the nanoscale architecture of clay minerals", Clay Miner., 45(3), 245-279.   DOI
6 Juhel, G., Batisse, E., Hugues, Q., Daly, D., van Pelt, F.N.A.M., Halloran, J.O. and Jansen, M.A.K. (2011), "Alumina nanoparticles enhance growth of Lemna minor", Aquat. Toxicol., 105, 328-336.   DOI
7 Karn, B., Kuiken, T. and Otto, M. (2009), "Nanotechnology and in situ remediation: A review of benefits and potential risks", Environ. Hlth. Perspect., 117(12), 1823-1831.   DOI
8 Kashyap, P.L., Xiang, X. and Heiden, P. (2015), "Chitosan nanoparticle based delivery systems for sustainable agriculture", Int. J. Biolog. Macromol., 77, 36-51.   DOI
9 Khodakovskaya, M., Dervishi, E., Mahmood, M., Xu, Y., Li, Z.R., Watanabe, F. and Biris, A.S. (2009), "Carbon nanotubes are able to penetrate plant seed coat and dramatically affect seed germination and plant growth", ACS Nano, 3(10), 3221-3227.   DOI
10 Kottegoda, N., Munaweera, I., Madusanka, N. and Karunaratne, V. (2011), "A green slow-release fertilizer composition based on urea-modified hydroxyapatite nanoparticles encapsulated wood", Curr. Sci., 101(1), 73-78.
11 Kumar, A., Khan, S. and Dhawan, A. (2014). "Comprehensive molecular analysis of the responses induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles in human keratinocyte cells", J. Trans. Toxic., 1, 28-39.
12 Kumaravel, A. and Chandrasekaran, M. (2011), "Electrochemical determination of imidacloprid using nanosilver Nafion(R)/nanoTiO2 Nafion(R) composite modified glassy carbon electrode", Sens. Actuat. B Chem., 158, 319-326.   DOI
13 Kumari, A. and Yadav, S.K. (2014), "Nanotechnology in agri-food sector", Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 54(8), 975-984.   DOI
14 Late, D.J., Chakravarty, D. and Erande, M.B. (2015), "Graphene quantum dots as enhanced plant growth regulators: effects on coriander and garlic plants", J. Sci. Food Agric., 95(13), 2772-2778.   DOI
15 Lee, J., Ahmed, S.R., Koh, K. and Park, E.Y. (2013), "Toxic chemical monitoring of agricultural bioproducts using nanomaterials-based sensors", Korean J. Chem. Eng., 30(10), 1825-1832.   DOI
16 Liu, B., Li, X.Y., Li, B.L., Xu, B.Q. and Zhao, Y.L. (2009a), "Carbon nanotube based artificial water channel protein: membrane perturbation and water transportation", Nano Lett., 9(4), 1386-1394.   DOI
17 Liu, F., Wen, L.X., Li, Z.Z., Yu, W. and Sun, H.Y. (2006), "Porous hollow silica nanoparticles as controlled delivery system for water-soluble pesticide", Mater. Res. Bull., 41(12), 2268-2275.   DOI
18 Liu, Q.L., Chen, B., Wang, Q.L., Fang, X.H. and Lin, J.X. (2009b), "Carbon nanotubes as molecular transporters for walled plant cells", Nano Lett., 9(3), 1007-1010.   DOI
19 Liu, S., Yuan, L., Yue, X., Zheng, Z. and Tang, Z. (2008), "Recent advances in nanosensors for organophosphate pesticide detection", Adv. Powder Techn., 19, 419-441.   DOI
20 Liu, Q.L., Zhao, Y.Y., Wan, Y.L., Zheng, J.P., Zhang, X.J., Wang, C.R., Fang, X.H. and Lin, J.X. (2010) "Study of the inhibitory effect of water-soluble fullerenes on plant growth at the cellular level", ACS Nano, 4(10), 5743-5748.   DOI
21 Liu, X.M., Feng, Z.B., Zhang, F.D., Zhang, S.Q. and He, X.S. (2006), "Preparation and testing of cementing and coating nano-sub nano composites of slow/controlled release fertilizer", Agric. Sci. China, 5(9), 700-706.   DOI
22 Liu, X.M., Zhang, F.D., Zhang, S.Q., He, S.X., Fang, R., Feng, Z. and Wang, Y. (2005), "Responses of peanut to nano-calcium carbonate", Plant Nutr. Fertilizer Sci., 11, 3-9.
23 Lu, C.M., Zhang, C.Y., Wen, J.Q., Wu, G.R. and Tao, M.X. (2002), "Research of the effect of nanometer materials on germination and growth enhancement of glycine max and its mechanism", Soybean Sci., 21(3), 168-171.
24 Manzer, H.S. and Mohamed, H.A.W. (2014), "Role of nano-$SiO_2$ in germination of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum seeds Mill)", Saudi J. Bio. Sci., 21, 13-17.   DOI
25 Medintz, I.L., Uyeda, H.T., Goldman, E.R. and Mattoussi, H. (2005) "Quantum dot bioconjugates for imaging, labelling and sensing", Nature Biotechnol., 4, 435-446.
26 Muller, F., Houben, A., Barker, P., Xiao, Y., Kas, J. and Melzer, M. (2006), "Quantum dots a versatile tool in plant science", J. Nanobiotechnol., 4, 5.   DOI
27 Naderi, M.R. and Danesh-Shahraki, A. (2013), "Nanofertilizers and their roles in sustainable agriculture", Intl. J. Agri. Crop Sci., 5(19), 2229-2232.
28 Nejatzadeh-Barandozi, F., Darvishzadeh, F. and Aminkhani, A. (2014), "Effect of nano silver and silver nitrate on seed yield of (Ocimum basilicum L.)", Organic Med. Chem. Lett., 4(1), 1-6.   DOI
29 Nair, R., Varghese, S.H., Nair, B.G., Maekawa, T., Yoshida, Y. and Kumar, D.S. (2010), "Nanoparticulate material delivery to plants", Plant Sci., 179(3), 154-163.   DOI
30 Navrotsky, A. (2000), "Nanomaterials in the environment, agriculture, and technology (NEAT)", J. Nanopart Res., 2, 321-323.   DOI
31 Nguyen, H.M., Hwang, I.C., Park, J.W. and Park, H.J. (2012), "Enhanced payload and photo-protection for pesticides using nanostructured lipid carriers with corn oil as liquid lipid", J. Microencapsul., 29(6), 596-604.   DOI
32 Noh, H., Hung, A., Choi, C., Lee, J., Kim, J., Jin, S. and Cha, J. (2008), "50 nm DNA nanoarrays generated from uniform oligonucleotide films", ACS Nano, 3, 2376-2382.
33 Paula, H.C.B., Sombra, F.M., Cavalcante, R.F., Abreu, F.O.M.S. and de Paula, R.C.M. (2011), "Preparation and characterization of chitosan/cashew gum beads loaded with Lippia sidoides essential oil", Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 31, 173-178.   DOI
34 Perez, J.M., Simeone, F.J., Saeki, Y., Josephson, L. and Weissleder, R. (2003), "Viral-Induced self-assembly of magnetic nanoparticles allows the detection of viral particles in biological media", J. Am. Chem. Soc., 125(34), 10192-10193.   DOI
35 Perez-de-Luque, A. and Rubiales, D. (2009), "Nanotechnology for parasitic plant control", Pest. Manag. Sci., 65(5), 540-545.   DOI
36 Perlatti, B., Bergo Souza, de P.L., Fernandes da, Silva M.F., das, G., Batista, J. and Rossi, M. (2014). Polymeric nanoparticle-based insecticides: a controlled release purpose for agrochemicals, Ed. Trdan, S., Insectic-Dev Safer More Eff Technol , InTech.
37 Prasad, T.N.V.K.V., Sudhakar, P., Sreenivasulu, Y., Latha, P., Munaswamy, V., Raja Reddy, K., Sreeprasad, T.S., Sajanlal, P.R. and Pradeep, T. (2012), "Effect of nanoscale zinc oxide particles on the germination, growth and yield of peanut", J. Plant Nutr., 35(6), 905-927.   DOI
38 Peshin, R., Bandral, R.S., Zhang, W.J., Wilson, L. and Dhawan, A.K. (2009), "Integrated pest management: a global overview of history, programs and adoption", Eds. Peshin, P. and Dhawan, A.K., Integrated Pest Management: innovation-development process, Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
39 Prasad, R., Bagde, U. and Varma, A. (2012), "An overview of intellectual property rights in relation to agricultural biotechnology", Afr. J. Biotechn., 11(73), 13746-13752.
40 Prasad, R., Kumar, V. and Prasad, K.S. (2014), "Nanotechnology in sustainable agriculture: Present concerns and future aspects", Afr. J. Biotechn., 13(6), 705-713.   DOI
41 Qamar, Z., Nasir, I.A. and Husnain, T. (2014), "In-vitro development of Cauliflower synthetic seeds and conversion to plantlets", Adv Life Sci., 1(2), 34-41.
42 Qureshi, A., Kang, W.P., Davidson, J.L. and Gurbuz, Y. (2009), "Review on carbon-derived, solid-state, micro and nano sensors for electrochemical sensing applications", Diam. Relat. Mater., 18, 1401-1420.   DOI
43 Rai, M. and Ingle, A. (2012), "Role of nanotechnology in agriculture with special reference to management of insect pests", Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 94, 287-293.   DOI
44 Rai, V., Acharya, S. and Dey, N. (2012), "Implications of nanobiosensors in agriculture", J. Biomater. Nanobiotechnol., 3, 315-324.   DOI
45 Ramalingam, C., Dasgupta, N., Ranjan, S., Mundekkad, D., Shanker, R. and Kumar, A. (2015), "Nanotechnology in agro-food: From field to plate", Food Res. Int., 69, 381-400.   DOI
46 Scott, N. and Chen, H. (2012), "Nanoscale science and engineering for agriculture and food systems", Ind. Biotechnol., 8(6), 340-343.   DOI
47 Samadi, N., Yahyaabadi, S. and Rezayatmand, Z. (2014), "Effect of $TiO_2$ and $TiO_2$ nanoparticle on germination, root and shoot length and photosynthetic pigments of Mentha Piperita", Inter. J. Plant Soil Sci., 3(4), 408-418.   DOI
48 Schaefer, K. (2008), Clay Nanotubes for Skin, Cosmetics & Toiletries, http://www.cosmeticsandtoiletries.com/research/techtransfer/16119562.html.
49 Schena, M., Heller, R. and Theriault, T. (1998), "Microarrays: biotechnology's discovery platform for functional genomics", Trend. Biotechn., 16, 301-306.   DOI
50 Scrinis, G. and Lyons, K. (2007), "The emerging nano-corporate paradigm: nanotechnology and the transformation of nature, food and agri-food systems", Int. J. Soc. Agric. Food, 15(2), 22-24.
51 Sedghi, M., Sheykhbaglou, R., Shishevan, M.T. and Sharifi, R.S. (2010), "Effects of nano-iron oxide particles on agronomic traits of soybean", Not. Sci. Biol., 2, 112-113.   DOI
52 Sharon, M., Choudhary, A.K. and Kuma, R. (2010), "Nanotechnology in agricultural diseases and food safety", J. Phytology., 2(4), 83-92.
53 Somers, R.C., Bawendi, M.G. and Nocera, D.G. (2007), "CdSe nanocrystal based chem/bio sensors", Chem. Soc. Rev., 36, 579-591.   DOI
54 Sonkaria, S., Ahn, S.H. and Khare, V. (2012), "Nanotechnology and its impact on food and nutrition: a review", Recent Pat. Food Nutr. Agric., 4(1), 8-18.   DOI
55 Tramon, C. (2014), "Modelling the controlled release of essential oils from a polymer matrixa special case", Indus Crops Product, 61, 23-30.   DOI
56 Soto Garcia, P., Moreau, A.L.D., Magalhaes Ierich, J.C., Araujo Vig, A.C., Higa, A.M., Oliveira, G.S., Camargo Abdalla, F., Hausen, M. and Leite, F.L. (2015), "A nanobiosensor based on 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase enzyme for mesotrione detection", Sens. J., IEEE, 15(4), 2106 - 2113   DOI
57 Su, S., He, Y., Zhang, M., Yang, K., Song, S., Zhang, X., Fan, C. and Lee, S.T. (2008), "High-sensitivity pesticide detection via silicon nanowires-supported acetylcholinesterase-based electrochemical sensors", Appl. Phys. Lett., 93, 023113-1-023113-3.   DOI
58 Teodoro, S., Micaela, B. and David, K.W. (2010), "Novel use of nano-structured alumina as an insecticide", Pest. Manag. Sci., 66(6), 577-579.   DOI
59 Wu, L., Liu, M. and Liang, R. (2008), "Preparation and properties of a double-coated slow-release NPK compound fertilizer with superabsorbent and water-retention", Bioresour. Technol., 99, 547-554.   DOI
60 Yan, J., Estevez, C., Smith, J.E., Wang, K., He, X., Wang, L. and Tan, W. (2007), "Dye doped nanoparticles for bioanalysis", Nano Today, 2, 44-50.
61 Yavuz, C.T., Mayo, J.T., Yu, W.W., Prakash, A., Falkner, J.C. and Yean, S. (2006), "Low-field magnetic separation of monodisperse $Fe_3O_4$ nanocrystals", Sci., 314, 964-967.   DOI
62 Zambrano-Zaragoza, M.L., Mercado-Silva, E., Gutierrez-Cortez, E., Castano-Tostado, E. and Quintanar-Guerrero, D. (2011), "Optimization of nanocapsules preparation by the emulsionediffusion method for food applications", LWT-Food Sci. Technol., 44, 1362-1368.   DOI
63 Ziegler, C. (2004), "Cantilever-based biosensors", Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 379, 7(8), 946-959.   DOI
64 Zezzi Arruda, M.A., Azevedo, R.A., Galazzi, R.M., Silva, A.L.D. and Arruda, S.C.C. (2015), "Nanoparticles applied to plant science: a review", Talanta, 131, 693-705.   DOI
65 Zhao, X., Tapec-Dytioco, R. and Tan, W. (2003), "Ultrasensitive DNA detection using highly fluorescent bioconjugated nanoparticles", Acs. Jacs., 125, 11474-11475.   DOI
66 Zheng, L., Hong, F., Lu, S. and Liu, C. (2005), "Effect of nano-$TiO_2$ on strength of naturally aged seeds and growth of Spinach", Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 105, 83-91.
67 Allen, R. (1994), "Agriculture during the industrial revolution, 1700-1850", Econom. History Britain Since 1700, 3, 96-123.
68 Aharoni, A. and Vorst O. (2002), "DNA microarrays for functional plant genomics", Plant. Mol. Biol., 48, 99-118.   DOI
69 Ahmed, R.A. and Fekry, A.M. (2013), "Preparation and Characterization of a Nanoparticles Modified Chitosan Sensor and Its Application for the Determination of Heavy Metals from Different Aqueous Media", Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 8, 6692-6708.
70 Ali, M.A., Rehman, I., Iqbal, A., Din, S., Rao, A.Q., Latif, A., Samiullah, T.R., Azam, S. and Husnain, T. (2014), "Nanotechnology, a new frontier in agriculture", Adv. Life Sci., 1(3), 129-138.
71 Argonide Nanoceram filters Argonide Corp. (2005), http://sbir.nasa.gov/SBIR/successes/ss/9-072text.html
72 Arifin, D.Y., Lee, L.Y. and Wang, C.H. (2006), "Mathematical modelling and simulation of drug release from microspheres: implications to drug delivery systems", Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev., 58, 1274-1325.   DOI
73 Bhati-Kushwaha, H., Kaur, A. and Malik, C.P. (2013), "The synthesis and role of biogenic nanoparticles in overcoming chilling stress", Indian J. Plant Sci., 2, 54-62.
74 Bradley, E.L., Castle, L. and Chaudhry, Q. (2011), "Applications of nanomaterials in food packaging with a consideration of opportunities for developing countries", Trend. Food Sci. Technol., 22, 604-610.   DOI
75 Brock, D.A., Douglas, T.E., Queller, D.C. and Strassmann, J.E. (2011), "Primitive agriculture in a social amoeba", Nature, 469(7330), 393-396.   DOI
76 Bruchez, M.J., Moronne, M., Gin, P., Weiss, S. and Alivisatos, A.P. (1998), "Semiconductor nanocrystals as fluorescent biological labels", Sci., 281, 2013-2016.   DOI
77 Cui, H., Sun, C., Liu, Q., Jiang, J. and Gu, W. (2010), "Applications of nanotechnology in agrochemical formulation:perspectives, challenges and strategies", Nanoagri., Sao Pedro, Brazil.
78 Cao, Y., Lee Koo, Y.E. and Kopelman, R. (2004), "Poly(decyl methacrylate)-Based Fluorescent PEBBLE Swarm Nano- sensors for Measuring Dissolved Oxygen in Biosamples", Analyst, 129(7), 45-50.   DOI
79 Chinnamuthu, C.R. and Boopathi, P.M. (2009), "Nanotechnology and agroecosystem", Madras. Agric. J., 96(1-6), 17-31.
80 Corradini, E., De Moura, M.R. and Mattoso, L.H.C. (2010), "A preliminary study of the incorparation of NPK fertilizer into chitosan nanoparticles", Express Polym. Lett., 4(8), 509-515.   DOI
81 Cui, Y., Wei, Q., Park, H. and Lieber, C.M. (2001), "Nanowire nanosensors for highly sensitive and selective detection of biological and chemical species", Science, 293(12) 89-92.   DOI
82 Dehkordi, E.H. and Mousavi, M. (2013), "Effect of anatase nanoparticles ($TiO_2$) on parsley seed germination (petroselinum crispum) in Vitro", Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 155, 283-286.   DOI
83 DeRosa, M.C., Monreal, C., Schnitzer, M., Walsh, R. and Sultan, Y. (2010), "Nanotechnology in Fertilizers", Nat. Nanotechnol., 5, 91-94.   DOI
84 Ditta, A. (2012), "How helpful is nanotechnology in agriculture", Adv. Nat. Sci.: Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 3(3), 033002.   DOI
85 Ditta, A. and Arshad, M. (2015), "Applications and perspectives of using nanomaterials for sustainable plant nutrition", Nanotechnology Reviews.
86 Duran, N. and Marcato, P.D. (2013), "Nanobiotechnology perspectives. Role of nanotechnology in the food industry: a review", Int. J. Food Sci. Techno.l, 48(6), 1127-1134.   DOI
87 Ditta, A., Arshad, M. and Ibrahim, M. (2015), "Nanoparticles in Sustainable Agricultural Crop Production: Applications and Perspectives", Nanotechnology and Plant Sciences-Nanoparticles and Their Impact on Plants, Eds. M.H. Siddiqui, M.H. Al-Whaibi, F. Mohammad, Springer, Switzerland.
88 Du, M., Guo, B. and Jia, D. (2010), "Newly emerging applications of halloysite nanotubes: a review", Polym. Int., 59(5), 574-82.   DOI
89 Dudo, A., Choi, D. and Scheufele, D.A. (2011), "Food nanotechnology in the news. Coverage patterns and thematic emphases during the last decade", Appetite, 56, 78-89.   DOI
90 Ehsani, R., Khot, L.R., Sankaran, S., Maja, J.M. and Schuster, E.W. (2012), "Applications of nanomaterials in agricultural production and crop protection: A review", Crop. Protect., 35, 64-70.   DOI
91 ElAmin, A. (2006b), "Nanocantilevers studied for quick pathogen detection", http://www.foodproductiondaily-usa.com/news/ng.asp?id
92 ETC Group (2004), "The impact of nano-scale technologies on food and agriculture", Down On The Farm, Reymond Page.
93 Fakruddin, M., Hossain, Z. and Afroz, H. (2012), "Prospects and applications of nanobiotechnology: a medical perspective", J. Nanobiotechnol., 10, 31-35.   DOI
94 Farahi, R.H., Passian, A., Tetard, L. and Thundat, T. (2012), "Critical issues in sensor science to aid food and water safety", ACS Nano, 6, 4548-4556.   DOI
95 Gilman, G.P. (2006), "A simple device for arsenic removal from drinking water using hydrotalcite", Sci. Total Environ., 366, 926-931.   DOI
96 Feizi, H., Amirmoradi, S., Abdollahi, F. and Pour, S.J. (2013), "Assessment of Concentrations of Nano and Bulk Iron Oxide Particles on Early Growth of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)", Annu. Rev. Res. Biol., 3(4), 814-824.
97 Fraceto, L.F., De Oliveira, J.L., Campos, E.V.R., Bakshi, M. and Abhilash, P.C. (2014), "Application of nanotechnology for the encapsulation of botanical insecticides for sustainable agriculture: prospects and promises", Biotechnol. Adv., 32, 1550-1561.   DOI
98 Ghorbanpour, M. (2015), "Major essential oil constituents, total phenolics and flavonoids content and antioxidant activity of Salvia officinalis plant in response to nano-titanium dioxide", Indian J. Plant Physiol., 20(3), 249-256.   DOI
99 Gogos, A., Knauer, K. and Bucheli, T.D. (2012), "Nanomaterials in plant protection and fertilization: current state, foreseen applications, and research priorities", J. Agric. Food Chem., 60(39), 9781-9792.   DOI
100 Goswami, A., Roy, I., Sengupta, S. and Debnath, N. (2010), "Novel applications of solid and liquid formulations of nanoparticles against insect pests and pathogens", Thin. Solid. Film., 519, 1252-1257.   DOI
101 Grilloa, R., Pereira, A.E.S., Nishisaka, C.S., de Lima, R., Oehlke, K., Greiner, R. and Fraceto L.F. (2014), "Chitosan/tripolyphosphate nanoparticles loaded with paraquat herbicide: an environmentally safer alternative for weed control", J. Hazard. Mater., 278, 163-171.   DOI
102 Gruere, G., Narrod, C. and Abbott, L. (2014), "Agriculture, food, and water nanotechnologies for the Poor: Opportunities and Constraints", Policy Brief 19, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/bp019.pdf.)
103 Hernandez-Viezcas, J.A., Castillo-Michel, H., Servin, A.D., Peralta-Videa, J.R. and Gardea-Torresdey, J.L. (2011), "Spectroscopic verification of zinc absorption and distribution in the desert plant Prosopis juliflora-velutina (velvet mesquite) treated with ZnO nanoparticles", Chem. Eng. J., 170, 346-352.   DOI
104 Guan, H., Chi, D., Yu, J. and Li, X. (2008), "A novel photodegradable insecticide: Preparation, characterization and properties evaluation of nano-Imidacloprid", Pestic. Biochem. Physiol., 92, 83-91.   DOI
105 Haes A.J. and Duyne, R.P. (2004), "Preliminary studies and potential applications of localized surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy in medical diagnostics", Exp. Rev. Molecul. Diagnost., 4(4), 527-537.   DOI
106 Han, H., Wang, X., Liu, X., Gu, X., Chen, K. and Lu, D. (2012), "Multi-walled carbon nanotubes can enhance root elongation of wheat (Triticum aestivum) plants", J. Nanopart. Res., 14, 841-851.   DOI
107 Hillie, T. and Hlophe, M. (2007), "Nanotechnology and the challenge of clean water", Nat. Nanotechnol., 2, 663-664.   DOI
108 Hirsch, L.R., Jackson, J.B., Lee, A., Halas, N.J. and West, J.L. (2003), "A whole blood immunoassay using Gold Nano- shells", Anal. Chem., 75(23), 77-81.
109 Hu, J., Salah, S.M., Guan, Y.J., Cao, D.D., Li, J., Aamir, N., Hu, Q.J., Hu, W.M. and Ning, M.Y. (2015), "Seed priming with polyethylene glycol regulating the physiological and molecular mechanism in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under nano-ZnO stress", Nat. Scie. Report., 5, 14278-14292.   DOI
110 Huang, J., Li, Q., Sun, D., Lu, Y., Su, Y. and Yang, X. (2007), "Biosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles by novel sundried Cinnamomum camphora leaf", Nanotechnol., 18(105), 104-114.