Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/aer.2012.1.2.125

Which CDM methodology is the best option? A case study of CDM business on S-Water treatment plant  

Kyung, Daeseung (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology)
Lee, Woojin (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology)
Publication Information
Advances in environmental research / v.1, no.2, 2012 , pp. 125-142 More about this Journal
Abstract
Clean development mechanism (CDM) validity study was conducted to suggest better and more adaptable CDM scenario on water treatment plant (WTP). Potential four scenarios for CDM project; improvement of intake pumping efficiency, hydro power plant construction, solar panel construction and system optimization of mechanical mixing process were evaluated on S-WTP in Korea. Net present value (NPV) of each scenario was estimated based on sensitivity analysis with the variable factors to investigate the CDM validity percentile. Hydro power plant construction was the best option for CDM business with 97.76% validity and $1,127,069 mean profit by 9,813 $tonsCO_2e$/yr reduction. CDM validity on improvement of intake pumping efficiency was 90.2% with $124,305 mean profit by huge amount of $CO_2$ mitigation (10,347 $tonsCO_2e$/yr). System optimization of mechanical mixing process reduced 15% of energy consumption (3,184 $tonsCO_2e$/yr) and its CDM validity and mean profit was 77.25% and $23,942, respectively. Solar panel construction could make the effect of 14,094 $tonsCO_2$ mitigation annually and its CDM validity and mean profit was 64.68% and $228,487, respectively.
Keywords
water treatment plant; $CO_2$ emission and mitigation; CDM business; sensitivity analysis;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Paish, O. (2002), "Small hydro power: technology and current status", Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 6(6), 537-556.   DOI
2 Ramos, J.S. and Ramos, H.M. (2009), "Sustainable application of renewable sources in water pumping systems: optimized energy system configuration", Energ. policy, 37(2), 633-643.   DOI
3 Reiling, S.J., Roberson, J.A. and Cromwell, J.E. (2009), "Drinking water regulation: Estimated cumulative energy use and costs", J. Am. Water Works Ass., 101(3), 42-53.
4 Rossini, M., Garrido, J.G. and Galluzzo, M. (1999), "Optimization of the coagulation-flocculation treatment: influence of rapid mix parameters", Water Res., 33(8), 1817-1826.   DOI
5 Schneider, M., Holzer, A. and Hoffmann, V.H. (2008), "Understanding the CDM's contribution to technology transfer", Energ. policy, 36(8), 2930-2938.   DOI
6 Steven, A. and Joshep, S. (2009), "Photo-voltaic solar panels simulation including dynamical thermal effects", Sol. Energy, 29(3), 245-256.
7 Thorburn, K. and Leijon, M. (2005), "Case study of upgrading potential for a small hydro power station", Renew. Energ., 30(7), 1091-1099.   DOI
8 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Paragraph 5, Article 12, Kyoto protocol, 2006.
9 van der Laan, E. (2003), "An NPV and AC analysis of a stochastic inventory system with joint manufacturing and remanufacturing", Int. J. Prod. Econ., 81-82, 317-331.   DOI
10 Wang, J.P., Chen, Y.Z., Ge, X.W. and Yu, X.Q. (2007), "Optimization of coagulation-flocculation process for a paper-recycling wastewater treatment using response surface model", Colloid. surface., 302(1-3), 204-210.   DOI
11 Weiss, P., Lefevre, T. and Most, D. (2008), "Modeling the impacts of CDM incentives for the Thai electricity sector", Energ. policy, 36(3), 1134-1147.   DOI
12 Zakharchenko, R. and Licea, L. (2004), "Photo-voltaic solar panel for a hybrid PV/thermal system", Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C., 82(1-2), 253-261.   DOI
13 Chester, M. and Martin, E. (2009), "Cellulosic ethanol from municipal solid waste: A case study of the economic, energy, and greenhouse gas impacts in california", Environ. Sci. Technol., 43(14), 5183-5189.   DOI
14 dos Santos, M.A., Rosa, L.P., Sikar, B., Sikar, E. and dos Santos, E.O. (2006), "Gross greenhouse gas fluxes from hydro-power reservoir compare to thermo-power plants", Energ. policy, 34(4), 481-488.   DOI
15 KEEI (2005), Annual report, Korea Energy Economics Institute, Ewang, 2005.
16 Moreno, M.A., Carrion, P.A., Planells, P., Ortega, J.F. and Tarjuelo, J.M. (2007), "Measurement and improvement of the energy efficiency at pumping stations", Bio-system. eng., 98(4), 479-486.
17 Kyung, D. and Lee, W. (2011), "Estimation of $CO_2$ emission from water treatment plant by carbon calculator", Adv. Asian. Environ. Eng., 9, 29-36.
18 Lin, T.T. (2009), "Applying the maximum NPV rule with discounted/growth factors to a flexible production scale model", Eur. J. Oper. Res., 196(2), 628-634.   DOI
19 Mhaisalkar, V.A., Paramasivam, R. and Bhole, A.G. (1991), "Optimizing physical parameters of rapid mix design for coagulation-flocculation of turbid waters", Water Res., 25(1), 43-52.   DOI
20 Olabisi, L.S., Reich, P.B., Johnson, K.A., Kapuscinski, A.R., Suh, S. and Wilson, E.J. (2009), "Reducing greenhouse gas emissions for climate stabilization: framing regional options", Environ. Sci. Technol., 43(6), 1696-1703.   DOI